黑莎草Gahnia tristis Nees
黑莎草Gahnia tristis Nees
1.黑莎草 大头茅草、硷草茅草、瘦狗母。图版XXXIX，1-14
Gahnia tristis Nees in Linnaea IX (1834) 301, nom. nud. et in Hook. etArn. Bot. Beech. Voy. (1836) 228: Benth. Fl. Hongk. (1861) 398: C. B. Clarkein Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI (1903) 263: Ohwi, Cyper. Jap. II (1944) 14: 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 (1956) 762.
丛生，须根粗，具根状茎。稈粗壮，高0.5-1.5米，圆柱状，坚实，空心，有节。叶基生和稈生，具鞘，鞘红棕色，长10-20厘米，叶片狭长，极硬，硬纸质或几革质，长40-60厘米，宽0.7-1.2厘米，从下而上叶渐狭，顶端成钻形，边缘通常内捲，边缘及背面具刺状细齿。苞片叶状，具长鞘，愈上则鞘愈短，边缘及背面亦具刺状细齿；圆锥花序紧缩成穗状，长14-35厘米，由7-15个卵形或矩形穗状枝花序所组成，下面的穗状枝花序较长，相距较远，渐上则渐短而相距渐紧密；小苞片鳞片状，卵状披针形小穗排列紧密，纺锤形，具8片鳞片，罕10片；鳞片螺旋状排列，基部6片鳞片中空无花，初期为黄棕色，后期为暗褐色，卵状披针形，具1条脉，坚硬，最上面的2片鳞片最小，宽卵形，顶端微凹并微具缘毛，其中上面1片具两性花，下面1片具雄蕊或无花；无下位刚毛；雄蕊3，花丝细长，花药线状长圆形或线形，药隔顶端突出于药外；花柱细长，柱头3，细长。小坚果倒卵状长圆形，三稜形，长约4毫米，平滑，具光泽，骨质，未成熟时为白色或淡棕色，成熟时为黑色。花果期3-12月。
产于福建、海南岛、广东、广西和湖南；生长于干燥的荒山坡或山脚灌木丛中，海拔130-730米。分布于日本琉球羣岛。
全株植物在产地常用作小茅屋顶的盖草和墙壁材料，小坚果可用以榨油。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Gahnia tristis Nees in Hooker & Arnott Bot. Beechey Voy. 228. 1837.
黑莎草 hei suo cao
Roots stout, rigid. Rhizomes short, woody. Culms 0.5-1.5 m tall, robust, hollow, noded. Leaves basal and cauline; sheath brown to reddish brown, 10-20 cm; leaf blade 0.4-1.8 m × 0.7-1.2 cm, papery to leathery, margin scabrous, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a contracted panicle, spikelike, 14-40 × 2-3 cm, bearing 7-20 fascicles of partial panicles; partial panicles ovoid to ellipsoid, 2-5 cm; peduncles short, rigid, enclosed by inflorescence bract sheath. Spikelets numerous, densely congested, fusiform, 8-10 mm, 1-flowered. Glumes 8-10, initially yellowish brown but maturing to dark brown; basal 4-6 glumes ovate-lanceolate, papery, rigid, 1-veined, apex acuminate; apical 2 or 3 glumes broadly ovate, much shorter, margin apically ciliolate, apex emarginate to rounded; apicalmost glume bearing a bisexual flower. Perianth bristles absent. Stamens 3. Stigmas 3. Nutlet pale brown when young but maturing black, obovoid-oblong, 4-4.5 × 1.7-2 mm, 3-sided, smooth, shiny. Fl. and fr. Mar-Dec.
Dry grassy slopes, thickets, forests; 100-3000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].
别名：散穗黑莎草;虾公须;瘦狗草;茅草;大头茅草;甘尼草;黑皮草;红头草;猴公西;镬扫把;硷草茅草;山鸡草;山鸡腿;瘦狗母;油草;双公须;猴公须;
科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名：黑莎草属 Gahnia
1.黑莎草 大头茅草、硷草茅草、瘦狗母。图版XXXIX，1-14
Gahnia tristis Nees in Linnaea IX (1834) 301, nom. nud. et in Hook. etArn. Bot. Beech. Voy. (1836) 228: Benth. Fl. Hongk. (1861) 398: C. B. Clarkein Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI (1903) 263: Ohwi, Cyper. Jap. II (1944) 14: 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 (1956) 762.
丛生，须根粗，具根状茎。稈粗壮，高0.5-1.5米，圆柱状，坚实，空心，有节。叶基生和稈生，具鞘，鞘红棕色，长10-20厘米，叶片狭长，极硬，硬纸质或几革质，长40-60厘米，宽0.7-1.2厘米，从下而上叶渐狭，顶端成钻形，边缘通常内捲，边缘及背面具刺状细齿。苞片叶状，具长鞘，愈上则鞘愈短，边缘及背面亦具刺状细齿；圆锥花序紧缩成穗状，长14-35厘米，由7-15个卵形或矩形穗状枝花序所组成，下面的穗状枝花序较长，相距较远，渐上则渐短而相距渐紧密；小苞片鳞片状，卵状披针形小穗排列紧密，纺锤形，具8片鳞片，罕10片；鳞片螺旋状排列，基部6片鳞片中空无花，初期为黄棕色，后期为暗褐色，卵状披针形，具1条脉，坚硬，最上面的2片鳞片最小，宽卵形，顶端微凹并微具缘毛，其中上面1片具两性花，下面1片具雄蕊或无花；无下位刚毛；雄蕊3，花丝细长，花药线状长圆形或线形，药隔顶端突出于药外；花柱细长，柱头3，细长。小坚果倒卵状长圆形，三稜形，长约4毫米，平滑，具光泽，骨质，未成熟时为白色或淡棕色，成熟时为黑色。花果期3-12月。
产于福建、海南岛、广东、广西和湖南；生长于干燥的荒山坡或山脚灌木丛中，海拔130-730米。分布于日本琉球羣岛。
全株植物在产地常用作小茅屋顶的盖草和墙壁材料，小坚果可用以榨油。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Gahnia tristis Nees in Hooker & Arnott Bot. Beechey Voy. 228. 1837.
黑莎草 hei suo cao
Roots stout, rigid. Rhizomes short, woody. Culms 0.5-1.5 m tall, robust, hollow, noded. Leaves basal and cauline; sheath brown to reddish brown, 10-20 cm; leaf blade 0.4-1.8 m × 0.7-1.2 cm, papery to leathery, margin scabrous, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a contracted panicle, spikelike, 14-40 × 2-3 cm, bearing 7-20 fascicles of partial panicles; partial panicles ovoid to ellipsoid, 2-5 cm; peduncles short, rigid, enclosed by inflorescence bract sheath. Spikelets numerous, densely congested, fusiform, 8-10 mm, 1-flowered. Glumes 8-10, initially yellowish brown but maturing to dark brown; basal 4-6 glumes ovate-lanceolate, papery, rigid, 1-veined, apex acuminate; apical 2 or 3 glumes broadly ovate, much shorter, margin apically ciliolate, apex emarginate to rounded; apicalmost glume bearing a bisexual flower. Perianth bristles absent. Stamens 3. Stigmas 3. Nutlet pale brown when young but maturing black, obovoid-oblong, 4-4.5 × 1.7-2 mm, 3-sided, smooth, shiny. Fl. and fr. Mar-Dec.
Dry grassy slopes, thickets, forests; 100-3000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].