香附子Cyperus rotundus Linn.

别名：草地罩草;草附子;地沟草;地赖根;地了草;地蒲草;地三草;吊马棕;姑娘草;旱三棱;回头青;九篷根;酒药芸香草;雷公头;雷公头草;棱草根;钮子七;雀头香;三棱草;三棱草根;三棱子草;三楞草;三楞草根;三稜草;三轮草;莎草;莎草根;山芽草;缩缩草;田头青;铁疙瘩草;土香草;香附;香附草;香附米;香疙瘩;香胡子;香头草;香叶;小三棱;续根草;哑妞姆;野韭菜;野菊头;芋仔草;张罗草;猪毛青;

科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae

属名：莎草属 Cyperus

《中国植物志》第11卷134页
  7．香附子 香头草（广州）图版XLII, 1-6
  Cyperus rotundus Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 45 et ed. 2 (1762) 67; Kunth Enum. II (1837) 58; Benth. Fl. Hongk. (1861) 387; Franch. Pl. David. I (1884) 317; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI (1903) 216 et in Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. XVI (1906) 60; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI Beibl. 82 (19056; Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. XVII (1910) 235; Britton, in Bailey, GHerbarum I (1920) 13; Dunn et Tutch. Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. (1912) 296; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. V (1927) 38; Liu in Bull. Pek. SQc. Nat. Hist. II (1928) 91; Kukenth. in Fedde, Repert. Nov. Sp. Beih. XII(1922) 306, in Sinensia III (1932) 80 et in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 101, IV, 20 (1935) 107; Merr. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Philadelphia XXIV (1935) 87; Hand. –Mzt. Symb. Sin. VII (1936) 1248; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. (1939) 116; Ohwi, Cyper. Jap. II (1944) 130; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 (1956) 743.
形态特征：多年生草本，高20-50厘米，无毛。根状茎匍匐，末端有椭圆形块茎，灰褐色，有香气。茎通常直立，三酴形，下部生叶。吉3-6片，与茎等长或稍长，宽3-6毫米，基部抱茎，全缘；叶鞘 常紫红色，残余的常作纤维状分裂。花序形如小穗，排列呈伞形或复伞形，基部有叶状苞片3-6片，小穗条形，扁平，有6-25朵花；小穗 轴有白色透明的狭翅；鳞片卵形，先端钝或尖，背面中间绿花药条形，药隔突出；花柱长，柱头3。小坚果长圆形，有3标签，暗褐色，表面密具细点。花期5-6月，果期8-11月。
分    布：各地均有分布
生    境：田埂、路旁
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：块茎
药用功能：行气、止痛、调经
药用主治：用于肝郁气滞、胸膈痞决、腹痛、胁痛、月经不调、痛经等症。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Cyperus rotundus  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1753.
香附子   xiang fu zi
Cyperus rotundus var. quimoyensis L. K. Dai.
Perennials. Stolons slender, with ellipsoidal tubers. Culms solitary, rarely 2 laxly tufted, 15-90 cm tall, slightly slender, triquetrous, smooth, base swollen into a tuber, leaved at basal part. Leaves equaling or shorter than culm; sheath brown, usually disintegrating into fibers; leaf blade bluish green, 2-5 mm wide, ± flat. Involucral bracts 2 or 3(-5), longer to sometimes shorter than inflorescence. Inflorescence a simple or compound anthela; rays (2 or)3-10, mostly to 12 cm, unequal in length, spreading. Spikes obdeltoid, with 3-10 slightly laxly arranged spikelets. Spikelets obliquely spreading, linear, 1-3 cm × 1.5-2 mm, 8-28-flowered; rachilla wings white, slightly broad, hyaline. Glumes blood-red to purplish brown on both surfaces but middle green, subdensely imbricate, ovate to oblong-ovate, ca. 3 mm, 5-7-veined (fading some distance before margin), apex acute to obtuse and muticous. Stamens 3; anthers linear; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style long; stigmas 3, longer than style, exserted from glume. Nutlet obovoid-oblong, 1/3-2/5 as long as subtending glume, 3-sided, puncticulate. Fl. and fr. May-Nov. 2n = 80, 84, 96, 100, 104, 108, 110, 112, 116, 124, 132, 138, 160, ca. 200.
Grasslands, wet or dry areas on mountain slopes, stream margins, along trails, sandbanks, ditch margins, water margins in valleys, paddy field margins; near sea level to 2100 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Dongsha Qundao, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Liaoning, Nansha Qundao, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xisha Qundao, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Central, North, and South America, Europe, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands].
The tubers are used as a Chinese medicine. The species is generally considered to be one of the world’s worst weeds.The tubers are used as a Chinese medicine. The species is generally considered to be one of the world’s worst weeds.