棒锤瓜Neoalsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hutch.
棒锤瓜Neoalsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hutch.
1. 棒锤瓜（海南植物志）穿山龙（台湾植物志）图版32：1-4
Neoalsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hutch. in Ann. Bot. n. s. 6: 99. 1942; 陈焕镛等, 海南植物志 1: 469, 图259. 1964; Keraudren in Aureville et Leroy, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 12, pl. 12. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 344, 图6101, 1975; J. Y. Hsiao in Fl. Taiwan 3: 810. 1977.——Gynostemma integrifoliola Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 916. 1881. ——Alsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 30: 121. 1911, et Ic. Pl. Formos. 1: tab. 38-39. 1911; ibid. 2: 40. 1912; Cogn. in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (IV. 275. 1): 17. 1916; Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arbor. 23: 196. 1942; 吴征镒等, 植物分类学报6 (2): 237. 1957.——A. pubigera Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 68: 292. 1898; Cogn., l. c. 66 (IV. 275. 1): 17. 1916; Chakr. in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17 (1): 197. 1959. ——Gynostemma elongatum Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3: 267. 1908. ——Hemsleya elongata (Merr.) Cogn., l. c. 66 (IV. 275. 1): 26. 1916. ——H. henryi Cogn., l. c. 26. 1916.——Alsomitra tonkinensis Gagnep. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 24: 372. 1918; Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 1088. 1921. ——Neoalsomitra tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Hutch. in Ann. Bot. n. s. 6: 100. 1942.
攀援草本。茎细长，多分枝，具纵棱及槽，被短柔毛或近无毛。叶片膜质或薄纸质，鸟足状，具5小叶；叶柄长1.5-2厘米，具条纹，被短柔毛；小叶片长圆形或长圆状披针形，中间小叶长7-14厘米，宽3-5.5厘米，侧生小叶较小，先端渐尖，基部钝，有时具2腺体，全缘，上面绿色，背面淡绿色，两面沿脉被短柔毛，余无毛，侧脉4-5对，弧曲上升，网结，两面稍凸起，细脉网状；小叶柄细，长0.5-1厘米，密被短柔毛。卷须细长，疏被短柔毛，近顶端2歧。花雌雄异株。雄花排列成腋生圆锥花序，金字塔形，多分枝，长20厘米，主轴和侧轴细，具纵条纹，被短柔毛，侧轴基部具鸟足状5小叶；花梗毛发状，长5-8毫米，疏被短柔毛状红色腺体；小苞片钻状披针形，长1-2毫米，密被短柔毛。花萼筒短，5深裂，裂片卵状披针形，长约2毫米，宽约1毫米，疏被长硬毛状柔毛；花冠辐状，白色，5深裂，裂片卵形，长约4毫米，宽约3毫米，先端急尖，外面密被短柔毛；雄蕊5，分离，花丝长约8毫米，外弯，花药卵形，径约0.5毫米。雌花组成较小的圆锥花序，花萼与花冠同雄花；子房近圆柱形，长约10毫米，被短柔毛，花柱3，柱头2裂。蒴果圆柱形，长4-6.5厘米，径1.5-2厘米，绿色，被短柔毛，顶端截形，基部钝，成熟时顶端开裂，具种子多数。种子狭卵形，边缘具5-7个粗尖齿，黄褐色，长10毫米，宽6毫米，中央凸起，具皱褶，顶端具1膜质、长约15毫米的翅。花期9-11月，果期11月至翌年4月。
产云南、广东、广西和台湾等省区。生于海拔550-840 (-1600) 米的沟谷雨林或次生林中、灌丛中。分布于越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国马来半岛和菲律宾。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Neoalsomitra clavigera (Wallich) Hutchinson Ann. Bot. (Oxford), n.s. 6: 101. 1942.
棒锤瓜 bang chui gua
Zanonia clavigera Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 28. 1831; Alsomitra clavigera (Wallich) M. Roemer; A. integrifoliola (Cogniaux) Hayata; A. pubigera Prain; A. tonkinensis Gagnepain; Gynostemma elongatum Merrill; G. integrifoliolum Cogniaux; Hemsleya elongata (Merrill) Cogniaux; H. henryi Cogniaux; Neoalsomitra integrifoliola (Cogniaux) Hutchinson; N. tonkinensis (Gagnepain) Hutchinson.
Herbs. Stem slender, much branched, pubescent or subglabrous. Leaf blade pedately 3-5-foliolate; petiole 1.5-2 cm, pubescent; leaflets abaxially pale green, adaxially green, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, median leaflet 7-14 × 3-7 cm, lateral leaflets smaller, 1- or 2-glandular, membranous or thinly papery, both surfaces pubescent along veins, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, base obtuse, apex acuminate; petiolule 0.5-1 cm, densely pubescent. Tendrils glabrous or pubescent, 2-fid. Male inflorescences paniculate, 12-30 cm, much branched; pedicel filiform, 4-8 mm, glabrous or pubescent; bracteole subulate-lanceolate, 1-2 mm, densely pubescent; calyx tube short; segments ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, ca. 2 × 1 mm, hirsute-pubescent; corolla white; segments ovate, 2-4 × 1.5-3 mm, abaxially densely pubescent, apex acute; filaments ca. 0.8 mm; anthers ovoid. Female flowers paniculate; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary subcylindric, ca. 10 mm, pubescent; styles 3; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular, cylindric, 4-8.5 × 1.5-2 cm, glabrous or pubescent, base obtuse, apex truncate, with numerous seeds. Seeds gray- or yellow-brown, substelliform, narrowly ovate, margin 4-7-dentate, 10-14 × 6-10 mm, both surfaces muriculate, apex with oblong, membranous, 15-22 × 6-8 mm wing. Fl. Sep-Nov, fr. Nov-Apr (following year).
Rain forests, broad-leaved forests, valleys, secondary forests. Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, SE Xizang (Mêdog), Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, NE India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia (Queensland), Pacific islands (Fiji, Solomon Islands)].
别名：苦藤;穿山龙;棒棰瓜;棒锤花;棒槌瓜;
科名：葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae
属名：棒锤瓜属 Neoalsomitra
1. 棒锤瓜（海南植物志）穿山龙（台湾植物志）图版32：1-4
Neoalsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hutch. in Ann. Bot. n. s. 6: 99. 1942; 陈焕镛等, 海南植物志 1: 469, 图259. 1964; Keraudren in Aureville et Leroy, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 12, pl. 12. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 344, 图6101, 1975; J. Y. Hsiao in Fl. Taiwan 3: 810. 1977.——Gynostemma integrifoliola Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 916. 1881. ——Alsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 30: 121. 1911, et Ic. Pl. Formos. 1: tab. 38-39. 1911; ibid. 2: 40. 1912; Cogn. in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (IV. 275. 1): 17. 1916; Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arbor. 23: 196. 1942; 吴征镒等, 植物分类学报6 (2): 237. 1957.——A. pubigera Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 68: 292. 1898; Cogn., l. c. 66 (IV. 275. 1): 17. 1916; Chakr. in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17 (1): 197. 1959. ——Gynostemma elongatum Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3: 267. 1908. ——Hemsleya elongata (Merr.) Cogn., l. c. 66 (IV. 275. 1): 26. 1916. ——H. henryi Cogn., l. c. 26. 1916.——Alsomitra tonkinensis Gagnep. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 24: 372. 1918; Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 1088. 1921. ——Neoalsomitra tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Hutch. in Ann. Bot. n. s. 6: 100. 1942.
攀援草本。茎细长，多分枝，具纵棱及槽，被短柔毛或近无毛。叶片膜质或薄纸质，鸟足状，具5小叶；叶柄长1.5-2厘米，具条纹，被短柔毛；小叶片长圆形或长圆状披针形，中间小叶长7-14厘米，宽3-5.5厘米，侧生小叶较小，先端渐尖，基部钝，有时具2腺体，全缘，上面绿色，背面淡绿色，两面沿脉被短柔毛，余无毛，侧脉4-5对，弧曲上升，网结，两面稍凸起，细脉网状；小叶柄细，长0.5-1厘米，密被短柔毛。卷须细长，疏被短柔毛，近顶端2歧。花雌雄异株。雄花排列成腋生圆锥花序，金字塔形，多分枝，长20厘米，主轴和侧轴细，具纵条纹，被短柔毛，侧轴基部具鸟足状5小叶；花梗毛发状，长5-8毫米，疏被短柔毛状红色腺体；小苞片钻状披针形，长1-2毫米，密被短柔毛。花萼筒短，5深裂，裂片卵状披针形，长约2毫米，宽约1毫米，疏被长硬毛状柔毛；花冠辐状，白色，5深裂，裂片卵形，长约4毫米，宽约3毫米，先端急尖，外面密被短柔毛；雄蕊5，分离，花丝长约8毫米，外弯，花药卵形，径约0.5毫米。雌花组成较小的圆锥花序，花萼与花冠同雄花；子房近圆柱形，长约10毫米，被短柔毛，花柱3，柱头2裂。蒴果圆柱形，长4-6.5厘米，径1.5-2厘米，绿色，被短柔毛，顶端截形，基部钝，成熟时顶端开裂，具种子多数。种子狭卵形，边缘具5-7个粗尖齿，黄褐色，长10毫米，宽6毫米，中央凸起，具皱褶，顶端具1膜质、长约15毫米的翅。花期9-11月，果期11月至翌年4月。
产云南、广东、广西和台湾等省区。生于海拔550-840 (-1600) 米的沟谷雨林或次生林中、灌丛中。分布于越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国马来半岛和菲律宾。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Neoalsomitra clavigera (Wallich) Hutchinson Ann. Bot. (Oxford), n.s. 6: 101. 1942.
棒锤瓜 bang chui gua
Zanonia clavigera Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 28. 1831; Alsomitra clavigera (Wallich) M. Roemer; A. integrifoliola (Cogniaux) Hayata; A. pubigera Prain; A. tonkinensis Gagnepain; Gynostemma elongatum Merrill; G. integrifoliolum Cogniaux; Hemsleya elongata (Merrill) Cogniaux; H. henryi Cogniaux; Neoalsomitra integrifoliola (Cogniaux) Hutchinson; N. tonkinensis (Gagnepain) Hutchinson.
Herbs. Stem slender, much branched, pubescent or subglabrous. Leaf blade pedately 3-5-foliolate; petiole 1.5-2 cm, pubescent; leaflets abaxially pale green, adaxially green, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, median leaflet 7-14 × 3-7 cm, lateral leaflets smaller, 1- or 2-glandular, membranous or thinly papery, both surfaces pubescent along veins, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, base obtuse, apex acuminate; petiolule 0.5-1 cm, densely pubescent. Tendrils glabrous or pubescent, 2-fid. Male inflorescences paniculate, 12-30 cm, much branched; pedicel filiform, 4-8 mm, glabrous or pubescent; bracteole subulate-lanceolate, 1-2 mm, densely pubescent; calyx tube short; segments ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, ca. 2 × 1 mm, hirsute-pubescent; corolla white; segments ovate, 2-4 × 1.5-3 mm, abaxially densely pubescent, apex acute; filaments ca. 0.8 mm; anthers ovoid. Female flowers paniculate; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary subcylindric, ca. 10 mm, pubescent; styles 3; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular, cylindric, 4-8.5 × 1.5-2 cm, glabrous or pubescent, base obtuse, apex truncate, with numerous seeds. Seeds gray- or yellow-brown, substelliform, narrowly ovate, margin 4-7-dentate, 10-14 × 6-10 mm, both surfaces muriculate, apex with oblong, membranous, 15-22 × 6-8 mm wing. Fl. Sep-Nov, fr. Nov-Apr (following year).
Rain forests, broad-leaved forests, valleys, secondary forests. Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, SE Xizang (Mêdog), Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, NE India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia (Queensland), Pacific islands (Fiji, Solomon Islands)].