多花百日菊Zinnia peruviana (Linn.) Linn.
多花百日菊Zinnia peruviana (Linn.) Linn.
2．多花百日菊 五色梅（四川），山菊花（河南）图版54: 5-7
Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. Syst. ed. 10: 1221, 1759; Torres, Brittonia 15: 12, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22, 1-2: 39, 1969——Chrysogonum peruvianum L. Sp. Pl. 920, 1753——Zinnia multiflora L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1269, 1763; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sim. 7: 1109, 1936——Zinnia Pauciflora L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 1269, 1763; DC., Prodr. 5: 535, 1836; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2: 493. 1934.
一年生草本。茎直立，有二歧状分枝，被粗糙毛或长柔毛。叶披针形或狭卵状披针形，长2.5-6厘米，宽0.5-1.7厘米，基部圆形半抱茎，两面被短糙毛，三出基脉在下面稍高起。头状花序径2.5-3.8厘米，生枝端，排列成伞房状圆锥花序；花序梗膨大中空圆柱状，长2-6厘米。总苞钟状，宽1.2-1.5厘米，长1-1.6厘米；总苞片多层，长圆形，顶端钝圆形，边缘稍膜质。托片先端黑褐色，钝圆形，边缘稍膜质撕裂。舌状花黄色、紫红色或红色，舌片椭圆形，全缘或先端2-3齿裂；管状花红黄色，长约5毫米，先端5裂，裂片长圆形，上面被黄褐色密茸毛。雌花瘦果狭楔形，长约10毫米，宽约2毫米，极扁，具3棱，被密毛；管状花瘦果长圆状楔形，长8.5-10毫米，极扁，有1-2个芒刺，具缘毛。花期6-10月，果期7-11月。
原产墨西哥，我国各地常栽培。此种在河北、河南、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南等地区已归化成为野生，生于山坡、草地或路边，海拔达1250米。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Zinnia peruviana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1221. 1759.
多花百日菊 duo hua bai ri ju Zinnia multiflora Linnaeus; Z. pauciflora Linnaeus.
Annuals, mostly 30-50(-100) cm. Stems greenish, becoming purplish or yellowish, unbranched or sparingly branched distal to bases, strigose. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or broadly lanceolate, 25-70 × 8-35 mm, 3-5-veined, scaberulose. Peduncles 10-50(-70) mm; involucres narrowly to broadly campanulate, 9-18 × 10-20 mm; phyllaries obovate to oblong, becoming scarious, glabrous, margin usually entire or erose, sometimes ciliate, apex rounded; paleae red to purple or yellow, margin erose or subentire, apex obtuse. Ray florets 6-15(-21); corollas usually scarlet red or maroon, sometimes yellow, lamina linear to spatulate, 8-25 mm. Disk florets 12-50; corollas yellow, 5-6 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm. Achenes 7-10 mm, ray achenes 3-angled, disk achenes compressed, ribbed, setuliferous; pappus usually of 1 stout awn 4-6 mm. Fl. Jun-Nov, fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 24.Roadsides, grasslands, mountain slopes; below 1300 m. Introduced and naturalized in Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan [probably native to Mexico, but widespread in South America].
别名：Peruvian zinnia;多花百日草;秘鲁百日草;疏花百日草;野菊花;山菊花;疏花百日菊;五色梅;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：百日菊属 Zinnia
2．多花百日菊 五色梅（四川），山菊花（河南）图版54: 5-7
Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. Syst. ed. 10: 1221, 1759; Torres, Brittonia 15: 12, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22, 1-2: 39, 1969——Chrysogonum peruvianum L. Sp. Pl. 920, 1753——Zinnia multiflora L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1269, 1763; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sim. 7: 1109, 1936——Zinnia Pauciflora L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 1269, 1763; DC., Prodr. 5: 535, 1836; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2: 493. 1934.
一年生草本。茎直立，有二歧状分枝，被粗糙毛或长柔毛。叶披针形或狭卵状披针形，长2.5-6厘米，宽0.5-1.7厘米，基部圆形半抱茎，两面被短糙毛，三出基脉在下面稍高起。头状花序径2.5-3.8厘米，生枝端，排列成伞房状圆锥花序；花序梗膨大中空圆柱状，长2-6厘米。总苞钟状，宽1.2-1.5厘米，长1-1.6厘米；总苞片多层，长圆形，顶端钝圆形，边缘稍膜质。托片先端黑褐色，钝圆形，边缘稍膜质撕裂。舌状花黄色、紫红色或红色，舌片椭圆形，全缘或先端2-3齿裂；管状花红黄色，长约5毫米，先端5裂，裂片长圆形，上面被黄褐色密茸毛。雌花瘦果狭楔形，长约10毫米，宽约2毫米，极扁，具3棱，被密毛；管状花瘦果长圆状楔形，长8.5-10毫米，极扁，有1-2个芒刺，具缘毛。花期6-10月，果期7-11月。
原产墨西哥，我国各地常栽培。此种在河北、河南、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南等地区已归化成为野生，生于山坡、草地或路边，海拔达1250米。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Zinnia peruviana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1221. 1759.
多花百日菊 duo hua bai ri ju Zinnia multiflora Linnaeus; Z. pauciflora Linnaeus.
Annuals, mostly 30-50(-100) cm. Stems greenish, becoming purplish or yellowish, unbranched or sparingly branched distal to bases, strigose. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or broadly lanceolate, 25-70 × 8-35 mm, 3-5-veined, scaberulose. Peduncles 10-50(-70) mm; involucres narrowly to broadly campanulate, 9-18 × 10-20 mm; phyllaries obovate to oblong, becoming scarious, glabrous, margin usually entire or erose, sometimes ciliate, apex rounded; paleae red to purple or yellow, margin erose or subentire, apex obtuse. Ray florets 6-15(-21); corollas usually scarlet red or maroon, sometimes yellow, lamina linear to spatulate, 8-25 mm. Disk florets 12-50; corollas yellow, 5-6 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm. Achenes 7-10 mm, ray achenes 3-angled, disk achenes compressed, ribbed, setuliferous; pappus usually of 1 stout awn 4-6 mm. Fl. Jun-Nov, fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 24.Roadsides, grasslands, mountain slopes; below 1300 m. Introduced and naturalized in Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan [probably native to Mexico, but widespread in South America].