夜香牛Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less.
夜香牛Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less.
25. 夜香牛 寄色草（广西）假咸虾花 消山虎 伤寒草 染色草（广西）缩盖斑鸿菊（云南）拐棍参（昆明）
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. in Linnaea 4: 291. 1829; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 169. 1861; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 400. 1888; Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. 28: 5. 1904; et Ic. Pl. Formos. 8: 43. 1919; Gagnep. in Lecomote, Fl. Gen. Ind. -Chin. 3: 484. 1924; Merr. in Sunyats. 1: 47. 1930; Ling in Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 454. 1934; Chang in Sunyats. 3: 275. 1937; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 15: 287. 1940; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志527. 1956; 海南植物志3: 375. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 402. 图6217. 1975. ——Conyza cinerea L., Sp. Pl. 862. 1753. ——Conyza chinensis L., Sp. Pl. 862. 1753. ——Vernonia abbreviata (Wall.) DC. Prodr. 5: 25. 1836; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1085. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiw. Mus. 22, 1-2: 16. 1969.——V. exilis Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 98. 1861; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 402. 1888. ——V. kroneana Miq., l. c.; Forbes et Hemsl., l. c. ——Blumea esquirolii Levl. et Vaniot in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 22. 1909.
一年生或多年生草本，高20-100厘米。根垂直，多少木质，分枝，具纤维状根。茎直立，通常上部分枝，或稀自基部分枝而呈铺散状，具条纹，被灰色贴生短柔毛，具腺。下部和中部叶具柄，菱状卵形，菱状长圆形或卵形，长3-6.5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，顶端尖或稍钝，基部楔状狭成具翅的柄，边缘有具小尖的疏锯齿，或波状，侧脉3-4对，上面绿色，被疏短毛，下面特别沿脉被灰白色或淡黄色短柔毛，两面均有腺点；叶柄长10-20毫米；上部叶渐尖，狭长圆状披针形或线形，具短柄或近无柄；头状花序多数，或稀少数，径6-8毫米，具19-23个花，在茎枝端排列成伞房状圆锥花序；花序梗细长5-15毫米，具线形小苞片或无苞片，被密短柔毛；总苞钟状，长4-5毫米，宽6-8毫米；总苞片4层，绿色或有时变紫色，背面被短柔毛和腺，外层线形，长1.5-2毫米，顶端渐尖，中层线形，内层线状披针形，顶端刺状尖，具1条脉或有时上部具多少明显3脉；花托平，具边缘具细齿的窝孔；花淡红紫色，花冠管状，长5-6毫米被疏短微毛，具腺，上部稍扩大，裂片线状披针形，顶端外面被短微毛及腺；瘦果圆柱形，长约2毫米，顶端截形，基部缩小，被密短毛和腺点；冠毛白色，2层，外层多数而短，内层近等长，糙毛状，长4-5毫米。花期全年。
广泛分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、云南和四川等省区印度至中南半岛、日本、印度尼西亚、非洲也有。为杂草，常见于山坡旷野、荒地、田边、路旁。
全草入药，有疏风散热，拔毒消肿，安神镇静，消积化滞之功效，治感冒发热、神经衰弱、失眠、痢疾、跌打扭伤、蛇伤、乳腺炎、疮疖肿毒等症。
此种植株高矮，根分枝或不分枝，叶形和毛茸多变异。前人（Handel-Mazzetti 1936）曾将云南昆明、大理及东北部、四川、会理、江孜等地采的标本鉴定为 V. abbreviata (Wall.) DC., 我们检查了上述地区的标本、除根多少变木质，植株较矮小，常自基部多枝外，与本种其他地区的标本无显明的区别，故应置于本种比较适宜。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
26. Vernonia cinerea (Linnaeus) Lessing, Linnaea. 4: 291. 1829.
夜香牛 ye xiang niu Conyza cinerea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 862. 1753; Blumea chinensis (Linnaeus) Candolle (1836), not Walpers (1843), nor Hooker & Arnott (1837); B. esquirolii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; Cacalia cinerea (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Conyza chinensis Linnaeus; Cyanthillium cinereum (Linnaeus) H. Robinson; Seneciodes cinerea (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Serratula cinerea (Linnaeus) Roxburgh; Vernonia abbreviata Candolle; V. cinerea var. parviflora (Reinwardt) Candolle; V. exilis Miquel; V. parviflora Reinwardt ex Blume.
Herbs, annual or perennial, to 100 cm tall. Root vertical, ± woody, branched, with fibrous rootlets. Stems erect, usually branched above, or rarely from base, striate, gray adpressed puberulent with T-shaped hairs, glandular. Lower and middle leaves: petiole 10-20 mm, leaf blade rhombic-ovate, rhombic-oblong, or ovate, 3-6.5 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially gray-white or yellowish puberulent, especially along veins, both surfaces glandular, adaxially green, sparsely puberulent, lateral veins 3- or 4-paired, base cuneately attenuate into winged petiole, margin remotely mucronate-serrate, or repand, apex acute or slightly obtuse; upper leaves progressively smaller, shortly petiolate or subsessile, narrowly oblong-lanceolate or linear. Synflorescences terminal, flat-topped, panicles branching often rather divaricate. Capitula many, rarely few, 6-8 mm in diam.; peduncle 5-15 mm; bracteoles linear, sometimes absent, densely puberulent. Involucre campanulate, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; phyllaries 4-seriate, green or sometimes becoming purple, outer linear, 1.5-2 mm, puberulent and glandular, apex acuminate, median linear, inner linear-lanceolate, spinescent, 1-veined or sometimes conspicuously 3-veined in upper part. Receptacle flat, foveolate. Florets 19-28; corolla reddish purple, tubular, 5-6 mm, sparsely puberulent, glandular; lobes linear-lanceolate, puberulent and glandular at apex. Achenes cylindric, ca. 2 mm, densely puberulent and glandular. Pappus 2-seriate, white; outer setae many, short; inner setae 4-5 mm, scabrid. Fl. year-round. 2n = 18.Weed of open disturbed sites. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Arabia, Australia, Pacific islands; introduced to the Americas].
Vernonia cinerea is used medicinally for a variety of purposes, including to reduce fever, draw out pus, promote digestion, relieve dyspepsia, and as a tranquilizer and sedative.Dwarf plants, usually less than 20 cm tall, with smaller capitula and more sparsely hairy leaves are sometimes placed in Vernonia cinerea var. parviflora (Reinwardt) Candolle (Prodr. 5: 24. 1836; 小花夜香牛 xiao hua ye xiang niu).
别名：斑鸠菊、寄色草、假咸虾
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：斑鸠菊属 Vernonia
25. 夜香牛 寄色草（广西）假咸虾花 消山虎 伤寒草 染色草（广西）缩盖斑鸿菊（云南）拐棍参（昆明）
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. in Linnaea 4: 291. 1829; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 169. 1861; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 400. 1888; Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. 28: 5. 1904; et Ic. Pl. Formos. 8: 43. 1919; Gagnep. in Lecomote, Fl. Gen. Ind. -Chin. 3: 484. 1924; Merr. in Sunyats. 1: 47. 1930; Ling in Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 454. 1934; Chang in Sunyats. 3: 275. 1937; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 15: 287. 1940; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志527. 1956; 海南植物志3: 375. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 402. 图6217. 1975. ——Conyza cinerea L., Sp. Pl. 862. 1753. ——Conyza chinensis L., Sp. Pl. 862. 1753. ——Vernonia abbreviata (Wall.) DC. Prodr. 5: 25. 1836; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1085. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiw. Mus. 22, 1-2: 16. 1969.——V. exilis Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 98. 1861; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 402. 1888. ——V. kroneana Miq., l. c.; Forbes et Hemsl., l. c. ——Blumea esquirolii Levl. et Vaniot in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 22. 1909.
一年生或多年生草本，高20-100厘米。根垂直，多少木质，分枝，具纤维状根。茎直立，通常上部分枝，或稀自基部分枝而呈铺散状，具条纹，被灰色贴生短柔毛，具腺。下部和中部叶具柄，菱状卵形，菱状长圆形或卵形，长3-6.5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，顶端尖或稍钝，基部楔状狭成具翅的柄，边缘有具小尖的疏锯齿，或波状，侧脉3-4对，上面绿色，被疏短毛，下面特别沿脉被灰白色或淡黄色短柔毛，两面均有腺点；叶柄长10-20毫米；上部叶渐尖，狭长圆状披针形或线形，具短柄或近无柄；头状花序多数，或稀少数，径6-8毫米，具19-23个花，在茎枝端排列成伞房状圆锥花序；花序梗细长5-15毫米，具线形小苞片或无苞片，被密短柔毛；总苞钟状，长4-5毫米，宽6-8毫米；总苞片4层，绿色或有时变紫色，背面被短柔毛和腺，外层线形，长1.5-2毫米，顶端渐尖，中层线形，内层线状披针形，顶端刺状尖，具1条脉或有时上部具多少明显3脉；花托平，具边缘具细齿的窝孔；花淡红紫色，花冠管状，长5-6毫米被疏短微毛，具腺，上部稍扩大，裂片线状披针形，顶端外面被短微毛及腺；瘦果圆柱形，长约2毫米，顶端截形，基部缩小，被密短毛和腺点；冠毛白色，2层，外层多数而短，内层近等长，糙毛状，长4-5毫米。花期全年。
广泛分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、云南和四川等省区印度至中南半岛、日本、印度尼西亚、非洲也有。为杂草，常见于山坡旷野、荒地、田边、路旁。
全草入药，有疏风散热，拔毒消肿，安神镇静，消积化滞之功效，治感冒发热、神经衰弱、失眠、痢疾、跌打扭伤、蛇伤、乳腺炎、疮疖肿毒等症。
此种植株高矮，根分枝或不分枝，叶形和毛茸多变异。前人（Handel-Mazzetti 1936）曾将云南昆明、大理及东北部、四川、会理、江孜等地采的标本鉴定为 V. abbreviata (Wall.) DC., 我们检查了上述地区的标本、除根多少变木质，植株较矮小，常自基部多枝外，与本种其他地区的标本无显明的区别，故应置于本种比较适宜。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
26. Vernonia cinerea (Linnaeus) Lessing, Linnaea. 4: 291. 1829.
夜香牛 ye xiang niu Conyza cinerea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 862. 1753; Blumea chinensis (Linnaeus) Candolle (1836), not Walpers (1843), nor Hooker & Arnott (1837); B. esquirolii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; Cacalia cinerea (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Conyza chinensis Linnaeus; Cyanthillium cinereum (Linnaeus) H. Robinson; Seneciodes cinerea (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Serratula cinerea (Linnaeus) Roxburgh; Vernonia abbreviata Candolle; V. cinerea var. parviflora (Reinwardt) Candolle; V. exilis Miquel; V. parviflora Reinwardt ex Blume.
Herbs, annual or perennial, to 100 cm tall. Root vertical, ± woody, branched, with fibrous rootlets. Stems erect, usually branched above, or rarely from base, striate, gray adpressed puberulent with T-shaped hairs, glandular. Lower and middle leaves: petiole 10-20 mm, leaf blade rhombic-ovate, rhombic-oblong, or ovate, 3-6.5 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially gray-white or yellowish puberulent, especially along veins, both surfaces glandular, adaxially green, sparsely puberulent, lateral veins 3- or 4-paired, base cuneately attenuate into winged petiole, margin remotely mucronate-serrate, or repand, apex acute or slightly obtuse; upper leaves progressively smaller, shortly petiolate or subsessile, narrowly oblong-lanceolate or linear. Synflorescences terminal, flat-topped, panicles branching often rather divaricate. Capitula many, rarely few, 6-8 mm in diam.; peduncle 5-15 mm; bracteoles linear, sometimes absent, densely puberulent. Involucre campanulate, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; phyllaries 4-seriate, green or sometimes becoming purple, outer linear, 1.5-2 mm, puberulent and glandular, apex acuminate, median linear, inner linear-lanceolate, spinescent, 1-veined or sometimes conspicuously 3-veined in upper part. Receptacle flat, foveolate. Florets 19-28; corolla reddish purple, tubular, 5-6 mm, sparsely puberulent, glandular; lobes linear-lanceolate, puberulent and glandular at apex. Achenes cylindric, ca. 2 mm, densely puberulent and glandular. Pappus 2-seriate, white; outer setae many, short; inner setae 4-5 mm, scabrid. Fl. year-round. 2n = 18.Weed of open disturbed sites. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Arabia, Australia, Pacific islands; introduced to the Americas].
Vernonia cinerea is used medicinally for a variety of purposes, including to reduce fever, draw out pus, promote digestion, relieve dyspepsia, and as a tranquilizer and sedative.Dwarf plants, usually less than 20 cm tall, with smaller capitula and more sparsely hairy leaves are sometimes placed in Vernonia cinerea var. parviflora (Reinwardt) Candolle (Prodr. 5: 24. 1836; 小花夜香牛 xiao hua ye xiang niu).