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糙叶斑鸠菊Vernonia aspera (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham.

糙叶斑鸠菊Vernonia aspera (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham.

别名:双色花;日车茶;六月雪;黑升麻;黒升麻;粗叶斑鸠菊;糙叶咸虾花;铁郎机;

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:斑鸠菊属 Vernonia

《中国植物志》第74卷027页
  15. 糙叶斑鸠菊 糙叶咸虾花(海南植物志)六月雪(海南)图版10: 8-14
  Vernonia aspera (Roxb.) Buch. -Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 219. 1824; Chang in Sunyats. 3: 275. 1937; 海南植物志3: 374. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 404. 图6222. 1975. ——Eupatorium asperum Roxb. Hort. Beng 61. 1814, nom. nud. et Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 415. 1832. ——Eupatorium pyramidale D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 170. 1825. ——Vernonia roxburghii Less. in Linnaea 6: 674. 1831; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 232. 1881; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chin. 3: 482. 1924. ——Vernonia teres sensu Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 182. 1927. non Wall.
  多年生草本,高1-2米。茎坚硬,直立,基部木质,径6-7毫米,不分枝或稀分枝,绿色或带淡红紫色,具条纹,被淡黄褐色短糙毛,或下部近无毛。叶厚纸质,硬质,倒披针形或倒卵状披针形,稀椭圆形,长5-12厘米,宽1.5-4.5厘米,顶端渐尖或短尖,基部渐狭成狭楔形,边缘有尖锯齿,下部边缘锯齿不明显或近全缘,侧脉7-10对,细脉横切,网状,叶脉在下面显明凸起,上面被乳突状短糙毛,下面密被糙短毛,两面均有腺点;叶柄极短或近无柄。头状花序较大,径1-1.5厘米,通常(2) 3-5个在枝端或上部叶腋密集成顶生圆锥状伞房花序,具短或近无花序梗;总苞钟状,长10-12毫米,宽达15毫米,总苞片5-6层,卵形,长圆形或线形,长3-12毫米,顶端紫红色,具红褐色硬小尖,背面被疏柔毛或多少脱毛;花托平,具高孔;约有30个花,花淡红紫色,花冠管状,长7-8毫米,檐部稍扩大,上端具5个线形裂片,外面具腺点;瘦果长圆状圆柱形,长2-2.5毫米,具10条肋,被柔毛;冠毛污白色或后多少变红色,外层少数,极短,内层糙毛状,长8-9毫米。花期10月至翌年3月。
  产于云南西南部和南部(普洱、墨江、腾冲等)、贵州、广东(海南岛)。印度、缅甸、越南、老挝、泰国也有分布。生长于开旷山坡草地或路旁。
形态特征:多年生草木,高l一2米。茎坚硬,直立,基部木质,径6—7毫米,不分枝或稀分枝,绿色或带淡红紫色,具条纹,被淡黄褐色短糙毛,或下部近无毛。叶厚纸质,硬质,倒披针形或倒卵状披针形,稀椭圆形,长5—12厘米,宽1.5—4.5厘米,顶端渐尖或短尖,基部渐狭成狭楔形,边缘有尖锯齿,下部边缘锯齿不明显或近全缘,侧脉7—10对,细脉横切,网状,叶脉在下面明显凸起,上面被乳突状短糙毛,下面密被糙短毛,两面均有腺点;叶柄极短或近无柄。头状花序较大,径1—1.5厘米,通常(2)3—5个在枝端或上部叶腋密集成顶生圆锥状伞房花序,具短或近无花序梗;总苞钟状,长10一12毫米,宽达15毫米,总苞片,5—--6层,卵形,长圆形或线形,长3—12毫米,顶端紫红色,具红褐色硬小尖,背面被疏柔毛或多少脱毛;花托平,具高孔;约有30个花,花淡红紫色,花冠管状,长7—8毫米,檐部梢扩大,上端具5个线形裂片,外面具腺点;瘦果长圆状圆柱形,长2—2.5毫米,具10条肋,被柔毛;冠毛污白色或后多少变红色,外层少数,极短,内层糙毛状,长8—9毫米。花期10月至翌年3月。
产地分布:产于云南西南部和南部(普洱、墨江、腾冲等)、贵州、广东(海南岛)。印度、缅甸、越南、老挝、泰国也有分布。生长于开旷山坡草地或路旁。
参考文献:Vernoniaaspera(Roxb.)Buch.-Ham.InTrans.Linn.Soc.14:219.1824:ChanginSunyats.3:275.1937;海南植物志3:374.1974;中国高等植物图鉴4:404·图6222.1975.--EupatoriumasperumRoxb.Hort.Beng61.1814,nom.’nud.EtF1.Ind.ed.2,3:415.1832.—---EupatoriumpyramidaleD.Don,Pro·dr.F1.Nepal.170.1825.—--VernoniaroxburghiiLess.InLinnaea6:674.1831;Hook.F·,F1.Brit.Ind.3:232.1881;Gagnep·inLecomte,F1.Gén.Indo-Chin.3:482.1924.————VernoniateressensuMerr.InLingn.Sci.Journ.5:182.1927.NonWall.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
16. Vernonia aspera Buchanan-Hamilton, Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 14: 219. 1824.
糙叶斑鸠菊 cao ye ban jiu ju Acilepis aspera (Buchanan-Hamilton) H. Robinson; Eupatorium pyramidale D. Don; Vernonia pyramidalis (D. Don) S. N. Mitra; V. roxburghii Lessing; V. thorelii Gagnepain; Xipholepis aspera (Buchanan-Hamilton) Steetz.
Herbs, perennial, 1-2 m tall. Stems erect, rigid, woody at base, 6-7 mm in diam., simple or rarely branched, green or reddish purple tinged, striate, pale fulvous hispidulous or subglabrous in lower part. Petiole very short to almost absent; leaf blade oblanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 5-12 × 1.5-4.5 cm, stiffly papery, abaxially densely hispidulous, both surfaces glandular, adaxially papillose-hispidulous, lateral veins 7-10-paired, veins abaxially prominent, veinlets reticulate, base narrowly cuneate, margin serrate, obscure or subentire in lower part, apex acuminate or acute. Synflorescences terminal or subterminal, panicles usually (2 or)3-5, dense, flat-topped. Capitula 10-15 mm in diam., shortly pedunculate or subsessile. Involucre campanulate, ?10-12 × ca. 15 mm; phyllaries 5- or 6-seriate, purplish red at apex, ovate, oblong, or linear, 3-12 mm, sparsely pubescent or ± glabrescent, apex mucronulate. Receptacle flat, foveolate. Florets ca. 30; corolla reddish purple, tubular, 7-8 mm; lobes linear, glandular. Achenes oblong-cylindric, 2-2.5 mm, 10-ribbed, puberulent. Pappus 2-seriate, sordid white or ± reddish later; outer setae few, very short; inner setae 8-9 mm, scabrid-barbellate. Fl. Oct-Mar.Open grasslands on slopes, roadsides; ca. 1400 m. Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The epithet was first introduced by Roxburgh as "Eupatorium asperum" (Hort. Bengal. 61. 1814), which is a nomen nudum. Merrill (Lingnan Sci. J. 5: 182. 1927) treated material of this species as Vernonia teres (a synonym of V. squarrosa).

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