款冬Tussilago farfara Linn.
款冬Tussilago farfara Linn.
1.款冬(神农本草经)款冬花,冬花,虎须,九尽草(青海)
Tussilago farfara L. Sp. Pl. 2: 865. 1753; DC. Prodr. 5: 208. 1838; C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 166. 1876; Hand. -Mazz. Symb, Sin. 7: 1117. 1936; S. Y.鞋Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 16. 1969;中国高等植物图鉴4: 547.图6507. 1975; 内蒙古植物志6: 159. 1982; 秦岭植物志1(5): 280. 1985; 西藏植物志4: 796. 349. 1985; 黄土高原植物志5: 329. 1989; 贵州植物志9: 215. 1989; 横断山区维管植物下册: 2087. 1994; 青海植物志3: 414. 1996.
多年生草本。根状茎横生地下,褐色。早春花叶抽出数个花葶,高5-10厘米,密被白色茸毛,有鳞片状,互生的苞叶,苞叶淡紫色。头状花序单生顶端,直径2.5-3厘米,初时直立,花后下垂;总苞片1-2层,总苞钟状,结果时长15-18毫米,总苞片线形,顶端钝,常带紫色,被白色柔毛及脱毛,有时具黑色腺毛;边缘有多层雌花,花冠舌状,黄色,子房下位;柱头2裂;中央的两性花少数,花冠管状,顶端5裂;花药基部尾状;柱头头状,通常不结实。瘦果圆柱形,长3-4毫米;冠毛白色,长10-15毫米。后生出基生叶阔心形,具长叶柄,叶片长3-12厘米,宽4-14-厘米,边缘有波状,顶端增厚的疏齿,掌状网脉,下面被密白色茸毛;叶柄长5-15厘米,被白色棉毛。
产东北、华北、华东、西北和湖北、湖南、江西、贵州、云南、西藏。常生于山谷湿地或林下。印度、伊朗、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、西欧和北非也有分布。
花蕾及叶入药,性辛,甘,温,有止咳、润肺、化痰之功效。也为蜜海植物。各地药圃广泛栽培。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Tussilago farfara Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 865. 1753.
款冬 kuan dong
Plants perennial. Rhizomes long creeping, subterranean, brown. Fruiting stems 5-10 cm tall, densely white lanate, with scale-shaped alternate purple-violet bracteate leaves. Basal leaves appearing after anthesis, long petiolate; petiole 5-15 cm, white lanate; blade orbicular-cordate, 3-12 × 3-14 cm, abaxially densely white tomentose, palmately reticulate veined, margin undulate, unequally toothed. Capitula solitary, terminal, 2.5-3 cm in diam., nodding (or drooping) before and after anthesis. Involucres campanulate, 1.5-1.8 cm at fruiting; phyllaries 1- or 2-seriate, linear, white villous, glabrate, sometimes black glandular hairy, apically obtuse, often purple tinged. Ray florets female, many seriate, yellow, radiate; stigma 2-fid. Disk florets few, functionally male; corolla tubular, 5-lobed; anthers sagittate at base; stigma capitate, usually sterile. Achenes cylindric, 3-4 mm. Pappus white, 1-1.5 cm.Wet places, forest understories, valleys; 600-3400 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; N Africa, SW Asia, W Europe].
The immature capitula and leaves of Tussilago farfara are used medicinally for relieving coughs and improving breathing; the plants are also used as honey plants and are widely cultivated in medicinal gardens in China.
别名:coltsfoot;蜂斗菜;氏冬;欵冬;颗冻;橐吾;九九花;菟奚;莵奚;颗冬;岗嘎冲;鑽冻;螋冬;虎须;款冬花;冬花;款花;九尽花;九尽草;温都森-朝莫日勒格;欵冬花;
科名:菊科 Compositae
属名:款冬属 Tussilago
《中国植物志》第77(1)卷093页
1.款冬(神农本草经)款冬花,冬花,虎须,九尽草(青海)
Tussilago farfara L. Sp. Pl. 2: 865. 1753; DC. Prodr. 5: 208. 1838; C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 166. 1876; Hand. -Mazz. Symb, Sin. 7: 1117. 1936; S. Y.鞋Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 16. 1969;中国高等植物图鉴4: 547.图6507. 1975; 内蒙古植物志6: 159. 1982; 秦岭植物志1(5): 280. 1985; 西藏植物志4: 796. 349. 1985; 黄土高原植物志5: 329. 1989; 贵州植物志9: 215. 1989; 横断山区维管植物下册: 2087. 1994; 青海植物志3: 414. 1996.
多年生草本。根状茎横生地下,褐色。早春花叶抽出数个花葶,高5-10厘米,密被白色茸毛,有鳞片状,互生的苞叶,苞叶淡紫色。头状花序单生顶端,直径2.5-3厘米,初时直立,花后下垂;总苞片1-2层,总苞钟状,结果时长15-18毫米,总苞片线形,顶端钝,常带紫色,被白色柔毛及脱毛,有时具黑色腺毛;边缘有多层雌花,花冠舌状,黄色,子房下位;柱头2裂;中央的两性花少数,花冠管状,顶端5裂;花药基部尾状;柱头头状,通常不结实。瘦果圆柱形,长3-4毫米;冠毛白色,长10-15毫米。后生出基生叶阔心形,具长叶柄,叶片长3-12厘米,宽4-14-厘米,边缘有波状,顶端增厚的疏齿,掌状网脉,下面被密白色茸毛;叶柄长5-15厘米,被白色棉毛。
产东北、华北、华东、西北和湖北、湖南、江西、贵州、云南、西藏。常生于山谷湿地或林下。印度、伊朗、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、西欧和北非也有分布。
花蕾及叶入药,性辛,甘,温,有止咳、润肺、化痰之功效。也为蜜海植物。各地药圃广泛栽培。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Tussilago farfara Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 865. 1753.
款冬 kuan dong
Plants perennial. Rhizomes long creeping, subterranean, brown. Fruiting stems 5-10 cm tall, densely white lanate, with scale-shaped alternate purple-violet bracteate leaves. Basal leaves appearing after anthesis, long petiolate; petiole 5-15 cm, white lanate; blade orbicular-cordate, 3-12 × 3-14 cm, abaxially densely white tomentose, palmately reticulate veined, margin undulate, unequally toothed. Capitula solitary, terminal, 2.5-3 cm in diam., nodding (or drooping) before and after anthesis. Involucres campanulate, 1.5-1.8 cm at fruiting; phyllaries 1- or 2-seriate, linear, white villous, glabrate, sometimes black glandular hairy, apically obtuse, often purple tinged. Ray florets female, many seriate, yellow, radiate; stigma 2-fid. Disk florets few, functionally male; corolla tubular, 5-lobed; anthers sagittate at base; stigma capitate, usually sterile. Achenes cylindric, 3-4 mm. Pappus white, 1-1.5 cm.Wet places, forest understories, valleys; 600-3400 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; N Africa, SW Asia, W Europe].
The immature capitula and leaves of Tussilago farfara are used medicinally for relieving coughs and improving breathing; the plants are also used as honey plants and are widely cultivated in medicinal gardens in China.
- 基于色谱技术的款冬花蕾与花梗代谢组成差异分析
- 基于NMR的植物代谢组学技术研究款冬花蕾动态化学成分变化
- 药用植物款冬花芽分化过程观察
- 东亚千里光族款冬亚族的花部微观性状及其系统与分类学意义
- 款冬的胚胎学
- 高效液相色谱法同时测定款冬花中芦丁、异槲皮苷、绿原酸的含量
- 款冬花挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析
- 北京地区款冬的生长发育特征调查
- 紫菀散加甘草对离体豚鼠气管解痉作用的研究
- 橘红丸中紫菀款冬花应蜜炙
- 款冬花的白色棉毛状物及其霉变菌絲的鉴别
- 不同款冬花药材中槲皮素和山柰素的定量分析及HPLC指纹图谱研究
- 款冬属的核形态(菊科:千里光族)
- 款冬花的化学成分及药理活性研究进展
- 款冬花化学成分的研究
- 款冬花中黄酮和酚酸类成分的研究
- 鼠曲草的化学成分研究
- 基于NMR代谢组学技术的款冬花生品与蜜炙品化学成分比较
- 基于UPLC多指标测定比较不同来源款冬花药材的质量
- 菊科千里光族款冬亚族的花粉超薄结构及其系统学意义
- 款冬花与蜂斗菜的鉴别
- 山菜栽培技术新进展──蕨菜、龙蒿、款冬的育苗与栽培
- 中药野菊花和款冬花及草药烟管头草中倍半萜和其它成分研究
- 蜂斗菜根茎中的新雅槛蓝烯内酯化合物