狗舌草Tephroseris kirilowii (Turcz. ex DC.) Holub

别名：白火丹草、糯米青、铜盘一枝香

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：狗舌草属 Tephroseris

《中国植物志》第77(1)卷155页
  12.狗舌草（唐本草）图版33：1-6
  Tephroseris kirilowii (Turcz. ex DC.) Holub in Folia Geobot. et Phytotax 12: 429.1977; C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen in Kew Bull. 39(2): 281. 1984; 黄土高原植物志 5: 353. 1989; 贵州植物志 9: 243. 1989; 内蒙古植物志 (二版) 4: 674.图版 263: 5-8. 1993;福建植物志 5: 404. 1993;青海植物志 3: 419. 1996. ——Senecio kirilowii Turcz. ex DC. Prodr. 6: 361. 1838; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 127. 1968; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 561.图 6536. 1975; 秦岭植物志 1(5): 305. 1985. ——Senecio campestris auct. non (Retz.) DC.: Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 167. 1859, et Mel. Biol. 8: 15. 1971. p. p.; Franch. Pl. david. 174. 1884; Bak et S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. 27: 383. 1879; Diels in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 29: 620. 1901; Komarov, Fl. Manch. 3: 698. 1907; Nakai Fl. Kor. 2: 36. 1911; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 38. 1968. ——Senecio aurantiacus (Hoppe ex Willd.) Less. var. spathulifolius Miq. in Ann. Lugd. -Bat. 2: 181. 1866. ——Senecio campestris (Retz.) DC. var. tomentosus Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris Ser. 2, 6: 54. 1883; Ling in Contrb. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping. 3: 125. 1935. ——Senecio fauriei auct. non Levl. nec. Franch. (1888): Levl. in Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 139. 1910. p. p., quoad Faurie 1097, lectotypo excluso, et Kitam. in Acta Phytotax. 8: 271. 1937, (1888). ——Senecio tashiroi Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 68. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 147. 1968. ——Senecio integrifolius (L.) Clairv. subsp. campestris (Retz.) Briq. et Cavill. var. pratensis auct non (Jacq.) Neilr.: Cuf. in Repert. Beih. 70: 54. 1933, p. p. ——Senecio integrifolius (L.) Clairv. subsp. campestris (Retz.) Briq. et Cavill. var. flavus auct. non (Rouy) Briq. et Cavill. cuf. l. c. 51. 1933. p. p. quoad pl. Sinensi, Nippon et Korean, ——Senecio integrifolius auct. non (L.) Claiv.: Cuf. l. c, 9. 1933, p. p., S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 49. 1968. p. p. ——Senecio integrifolius (L.) Clairv. subsp. campestris (Retz.) Briq. et Cavill. var. pratensis (Jacq.) Neilr. f. pseudopratensis Cuf. l. c. 60. 1933, p. p. excl.　syn. ——Senecio integrifolius (L.) Clairv. subsp. kirilowii (Turcz. ex DC.) Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sc. Res. Manch. 3: 469. 1939. ——Senecio integrifolius (L) Clairv.　subsp. fauriei sensu Kitam. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 37. 1940, et in Mem.　Coll. Sc. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 16: 240. 1942; Koyama in Mem. Fac. Sc. Kyoto　Univ. Ser. Biol. 2(2): 142. 1969; Lauener in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 363. 1976, lectotypo excluso——Senecio integrifolius (L.) Clairv. var. spathulifolius (Miq.) Hara, Enum. Spermat. Jap. 2: 254. 1952. ——Senecio amurensis Schischk, Fl. URSS 26: 883. 1961. ——Tephroseris integrifolia (L.) Holub subsp. kirilowii (Turcz. ex DC.) B. Nord. in Opera Bot. 44: 45. 1978.
  多年生草本，根状茎斜升，常覆盖以褐色宿存叶柄，具多数纤维状根。茎单生，稀2-3，近葶状，直立，高20-60厘米，不分枝，被密白色蛛丝状毛，有时或多或少脱毛。基生叶数个，莲座状，具短柄，在花期生存，长圆形或卵状长圆形，长5-10厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，顶端钝，具小尖，基部楔状至渐狭成具狭至宽翅叶柄，两面被密或疏白色蛛丝状绒毛；茎叶少数，向茎上部渐小，下部叶倒披针形，或倒披针状长圆形，长4-8厘米，宽0.5-1.5厘米，钝至尖，无柄，基部半抱茎，上部叶小，披针形，苞片状，顶端尖。头状花序径1.5-2厘米，3-11个排列多少伞形状顶生伞房花序；花序梗长1.5-5厘米，被密蛛丝状绒毛，多少被黄褐色腺毛，基部具苞片，上部无小苞片。总苞近圆柱状钟形，长6-8毫米，宽6-9毫米，无外层苞片；总苞片18-20个，披针形或线状披针形，宽1-1 .5毫米，顶端渐尖或急尖，绿色或紫色，草质，具狭膜质边缘，外面被密或有时疏蛛丝状毛，或多少脱毛。舌状花13-15，管部长3-3.5毫米；舌片黄色，长圆形，长6.5-7毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，顶端钝，具3细齿，4脉。管状花多数，花冠黄色，长约8毫米，管部长4毫米，檐部漏斗状；裂片卵状披针形，长1.2毫米，急尖，顶端具乳头状毛。花药长2.2毫米，基部钝，附片卵状披针形；花柱分枝长约1毫米。瘦果圆柱形，长2.5毫米，被密硬毛。冠毛白色，长约6毫米。花期2-8月。
  产黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、内蒙古、河北、山西、山东、河南、陕西、甘肃、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建、广东及台湾。常生于草地山坡或山顶阳处，海拔250-2000米。俄罗斯远东地区、朝鲜、日本也有。模式采自河北。
  此种广泛分布于东北、华北、华中及华东及西南各省区。植株大小，叶形及毛茸诸多变异。一般在东北及华北的植株及叶，总苞片均被密白色蛛丝状绒毛及疏黄褐色腺状柔毛；叶柄具较宽的翅；而分布于华东及西南的植物及叶，总苞片则被疏毛或多少脱毛，叶柄具狭翅。但瘦果均有密硬毛与前种不难区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
12. Tephroseris kirilowii (Turczaninow ex Candolle) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 429. 1977.
狗舌草 gou she cao Senecio kirilowii Turczaninow ex Candolle, Prodr. 6: 361. 1838; S. amurensis Schischkin; S. aurantiacus (Hoppe ex Willdenow) Lessing var. spathulatus Miquel; S. campestris (Retzius) Candolle var. tomentosus Franchet; S. integrifolius (Linnaeus) Clairville subsp. kirilowii (Turczaninow ex Candolle) Kitagawa; S. integrifolius var. spathulatus (Miquel) H. Hara; ?S. spathulifolius Turczaninow; S. tashiroi Hayata; Tephroseris integrifolia (Linnaeus) Holub subsp. kirilowii (Turczaninow ex Candolle) B. Nordenstam.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stems solitary or rarely 2 or 3, erect, subscapiform, 20-60 cm tall, densely white arachnoid, sometimes ± glabrescent. Radical leaves several, present at anthesis, rosulate, shortly petiolate; blade oblong or ovate-oblong, 5-10 × 1.5-2.5 cm, both surfaces densely to sparsely white arachnoid-tomentose, base cuneate to gradually attenuate into narrowly to broadly winged petiole, margin irregularly mucronulate-dentate or subentire, apex obtuse. Stem leaves few, progressively smaller upward; lower leaves sessile, oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, 4-8 × 0.5-1.5 cm, base subamplexicaul, apex obtuse to acute; upper leaves small, bractlike, lanceolate, apically acute. Capitula 1.5-2 cm in diam., 3-11 arranged in ± umbelliform terminal corymbs; peduncles 1.5-5 cm, densely arachnoid-tomentose, ± glandular with fulvous hairs, basally bracteate, not bracteolate. Involucres subcylindric-campanulate, 6-8 × 6-9 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 18-20, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm wide, herbaceous, with narrow membranous margin, densely to sometimes sparsely arachnoid, sometimes ± glabrescent, apically acuminate or acute, and green or purplish. Ray florets 13-15; corolla tube 3-3.5 mm; lamina yellow, oblong, 6.5-7 × 2.5-3 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disk florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with ca. 4 mm tube and funnelform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.2 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 2.2 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style branches ca. 1 mm. Achenes cylindric, ca. 2.5 mm, densely hirsute. Pappus white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. Feb-Aug.Grassy and stony slopes and meadows; 200-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
Vibe (in Krasnoborov, Fl. Sibir. 13: 155-156. 1997) recorded Tephroseris integrifolia (Linnaeus) Holub for China; however, we have seen no specimens. Tephroseris kirilowii might prove not to be specifically distinct from T. integrifolia.