锡金蒲公英Taraxacum sikkimense Hand.-Mazz.
锡金蒲公英Taraxacum sikkimense Hand.-Mazz.
50.锡金蒲公英（西藏植物志）图版16：1-4
Taraxacum sikkimense Hand. -Mazz. Monogr. Tarax. 103. t. 3, f. 6, t. 5, f. 5. 1907. et Symb. Sin. 7: 1178. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 659. 1969; V. Soest in Wentia 10: 50. 1963; Nasir et Ali, Fl. W. Pakistan 794. 1972; Kitam. et Gould. in Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 46. 1982; 西藏植物志4: 934. 1985.
多年生草本。叶倒披针形，长5-12厘米，通常羽状半裂至深裂，稀仅具浅齿，每侧裂片4-6片；裂片三角形至线状披针形，平展或倒向，互相连接或有间距，近全缘，顶端裂片三角形或线形，通常无毛，稀被蛛丝状毛。花葶长5-30厘米，无毛，稀有蛛丝状毛；头状花序直径40-50毫米；总苞钟形，长约15毫米，总苞片干后淡墨绿色至墨绿色；外层总苞片披针形至卵状披针形，狭或与内层总苞片等宽，先端稍扩大，具狭而明显的膜质边缘；内层总苞片先端多少有些扩大；舌状花黄色、淡黄色乃至白色，先端有时带红晕，边缘花舌片背面有紫色条纹，花柱和柱头干时黑色。瘦果倒卵状长圆形，深紫色、红棕色至橘红色，长约3毫米，上部1/3-1/2有小刺，顶端突然缢缩成长约0.5-1毫米的喙基，喙纤细，长6-8毫米；冠毛白色，长5-6毫米。2n=32, 40。
产青海、四川西部、云南西北部（丽江、中甸）及西藏。生于海拔2800-4800米山坡草地或路旁。锡金、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦也有分布。
形态特征：多年生草本。叶倒披针形，长5—12厘米，通常羽状半裂至深裂，稀仅具浅齿，每侧裂片4—6片；裂片三角形至线状披针形，平展或倒向，互相连接或有间距，近全缘，顶端裂片三角形或线形，通常无毛，稀被蛛丝状毛。花葶长5—30厘米，无毛，稀有蛛丝状毛；头状花序直径40—50毫米；总苞钟形，长约15毫米，总苞片干后淡墨绿色至墨绿色；外层总苞片披针形至卵状披针形，狭或与内层总苞片等宽，先端稍扩大，具狭而明显的膜质边缘；内层总苞片先端多少有些扩大；舌状花黄色、淡黄色乃至白色，先端有时带红晕，边缘花舌片背面有紫色条纹，花柱和柱头干时黑色。瘦果倒卵状长圆形，深紫色、红棕色至橘红色，长约3毫米，上部1／3—1/2有小刺，顶端突然缢缩成长约0．5—1毫米的喙基，喙纤细，长6—8毫米；冠毛白色，长5—6毫米。2n=32，40。
产地分布：产青海、四川西部、云南西北部(丽江、中甸)及西藏。生于海拔2800—4800米山坡草地或路旁。锡金、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦也有分布。
参考文献：Taraxacumsikkimense Hand．—Mazz．Monogr．Tarax．103．T．3，f·6，t．5，f·5． 1907．etSymb．Sin．7：1178．1936；S．Y．HuinQuart．Jourrl．TaiwanMus．22：659． 1969；V．Soest in Wentia 10：50．1963；Nasir et Ali，F1．W．Pakistan 794．1972；Ki— tam．etGould．inEnum．F1．P1．Nepal 3：46．1982；西藏植物志4：934．1985．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
56. Taraxacum sikkimense Handel-Mazzetti, Monogr. Taraxacum. 103. 1907.
锡金蒲公英 xi jin pu gong ying Type: India. Sikkim: "Lachen," 12,000 ft, Jul 16/[18]49, J. D. Hooker s.n. (lectotype, designated here: K, no. det. 8783).
Herbs (2.5-)6-10(-12) cm tall. Petiole usually purplish, unwinged; leaf blade ± mid-green, narrowly oblong-lanceolate in outline, 2.5-8(-12) × 0.9-1.5 cm, ± sparsely arachnoid, pinnatisect, midvein usually purplish; lateral lobes 3 or 4 pairs, narrowly triangular, strongly recurved, proximal margin ± straight and entire, distal margin at base straight or convex and entire, apex subacute to subobtuse; interlobes long, narrow; terminal lobe narrowly triangular-sagittate or almost 3-partite, margin entire, apex often obtuse. Scapes brownish green, ± equaling leaves, arachnoid. Capitulum 2-3 cm wide. Involucre 0.9-1.2 cm wide, base narrowly rounded. Outer phyllaries 13-19, ± blackish green, subimbricate, linear-triangular to linear-lanceolate, outermost ones 4.5-6 × 1-1.3(-2) mm and 1/3-1/2 as long as inner ones, ± subglabrous, with a whitish to pinkish 0.2-0.3 mm bordered gradual transition into a dark middle band, ± flat or callose below apex; inner phyllaries black-green, 1.1-1.4 cm, apex ± flat. Outer ligules whitish to whitish yellow, ± flat, outside striped purplish; inner ligules pale yellow. Stigmas blackish to dark grayish green. Anthers polliniferous; pollen grains irregular in size. Achene deep red, 4.5-4.8 × 1-1.1 mm; body ± smooth below, distally densely spinulose, ± abruptly narrowing into a cylindric 1-1.3 mm cone, spinules suberect and acute; beak 5-6 mm. Pappus white to slightly yellowish white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. summer. Agamosperm.Alpine grasslands; 3800-5000 m. Xizang [India (Sikkim), Nepal].
Taraxacum sikkimense is also reported from Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan (FRPS 80(2): 58. 1999; Higher Pl. China 11: 783. 2005), but more evidence is needed.
别名：库芒;库札;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：蒲公英属 Taraxacum
50.锡金蒲公英（西藏植物志）图版16：1-4
Taraxacum sikkimense Hand. -Mazz. Monogr. Tarax. 103. t. 3, f. 6, t. 5, f. 5. 1907. et Symb. Sin. 7: 1178. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 659. 1969; V. Soest in Wentia 10: 50. 1963; Nasir et Ali, Fl. W. Pakistan 794. 1972; Kitam. et Gould. in Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 46. 1982; 西藏植物志4: 934. 1985.
多年生草本。叶倒披针形，长5-12厘米，通常羽状半裂至深裂，稀仅具浅齿，每侧裂片4-6片；裂片三角形至线状披针形，平展或倒向，互相连接或有间距，近全缘，顶端裂片三角形或线形，通常无毛，稀被蛛丝状毛。花葶长5-30厘米，无毛，稀有蛛丝状毛；头状花序直径40-50毫米；总苞钟形，长约15毫米，总苞片干后淡墨绿色至墨绿色；外层总苞片披针形至卵状披针形，狭或与内层总苞片等宽，先端稍扩大，具狭而明显的膜质边缘；内层总苞片先端多少有些扩大；舌状花黄色、淡黄色乃至白色，先端有时带红晕，边缘花舌片背面有紫色条纹，花柱和柱头干时黑色。瘦果倒卵状长圆形，深紫色、红棕色至橘红色，长约3毫米，上部1/3-1/2有小刺，顶端突然缢缩成长约0.5-1毫米的喙基，喙纤细，长6-8毫米；冠毛白色，长5-6毫米。2n=32, 40。
产青海、四川西部、云南西北部（丽江、中甸）及西藏。生于海拔2800-4800米山坡草地或路旁。锡金、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦也有分布。
形态特征：多年生草本。叶倒披针形，长5—12厘米，通常羽状半裂至深裂，稀仅具浅齿，每侧裂片4—6片；裂片三角形至线状披针形，平展或倒向，互相连接或有间距，近全缘，顶端裂片三角形或线形，通常无毛，稀被蛛丝状毛。花葶长5—30厘米，无毛，稀有蛛丝状毛；头状花序直径40—50毫米；总苞钟形，长约15毫米，总苞片干后淡墨绿色至墨绿色；外层总苞片披针形至卵状披针形，狭或与内层总苞片等宽，先端稍扩大，具狭而明显的膜质边缘；内层总苞片先端多少有些扩大；舌状花黄色、淡黄色乃至白色，先端有时带红晕，边缘花舌片背面有紫色条纹，花柱和柱头干时黑色。瘦果倒卵状长圆形，深紫色、红棕色至橘红色，长约3毫米，上部1／3—1/2有小刺，顶端突然缢缩成长约0．5—1毫米的喙基，喙纤细，长6—8毫米；冠毛白色，长5—6毫米。2n=32，40。
产地分布：产青海、四川西部、云南西北部(丽江、中甸)及西藏。生于海拔2800—4800米山坡草地或路旁。锡金、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦也有分布。
参考文献：Taraxacumsikkimense Hand．—Mazz．Monogr．Tarax．103．T．3，f·6，t．5，f·5． 1907．etSymb．Sin．7：1178．1936；S．Y．HuinQuart．Jourrl．TaiwanMus．22：659． 1969；V．Soest in Wentia 10：50．1963；Nasir et Ali，F1．W．Pakistan 794．1972；Ki— tam．etGould．inEnum．F1．P1．Nepal 3：46．1982；西藏植物志4：934．1985．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
56. Taraxacum sikkimense Handel-Mazzetti, Monogr. Taraxacum. 103. 1907.
锡金蒲公英 xi jin pu gong ying Type: India. Sikkim: "Lachen," 12,000 ft, Jul 16/[18]49, J. D. Hooker s.n. (lectotype, designated here: K, no. det. 8783).
Herbs (2.5-)6-10(-12) cm tall. Petiole usually purplish, unwinged; leaf blade ± mid-green, narrowly oblong-lanceolate in outline, 2.5-8(-12) × 0.9-1.5 cm, ± sparsely arachnoid, pinnatisect, midvein usually purplish; lateral lobes 3 or 4 pairs, narrowly triangular, strongly recurved, proximal margin ± straight and entire, distal margin at base straight or convex and entire, apex subacute to subobtuse; interlobes long, narrow; terminal lobe narrowly triangular-sagittate or almost 3-partite, margin entire, apex often obtuse. Scapes brownish green, ± equaling leaves, arachnoid. Capitulum 2-3 cm wide. Involucre 0.9-1.2 cm wide, base narrowly rounded. Outer phyllaries 13-19, ± blackish green, subimbricate, linear-triangular to linear-lanceolate, outermost ones 4.5-6 × 1-1.3(-2) mm and 1/3-1/2 as long as inner ones, ± subglabrous, with a whitish to pinkish 0.2-0.3 mm bordered gradual transition into a dark middle band, ± flat or callose below apex; inner phyllaries black-green, 1.1-1.4 cm, apex ± flat. Outer ligules whitish to whitish yellow, ± flat, outside striped purplish; inner ligules pale yellow. Stigmas blackish to dark grayish green. Anthers polliniferous; pollen grains irregular in size. Achene deep red, 4.5-4.8 × 1-1.1 mm; body ± smooth below, distally densely spinulose, ± abruptly narrowing into a cylindric 1-1.3 mm cone, spinules suberect and acute; beak 5-6 mm. Pappus white to slightly yellowish white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. summer. Agamosperm.Alpine grasslands; 3800-5000 m. Xizang [India (Sikkim), Nepal].
Taraxacum sikkimense is also reported from Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan (FRPS 80(2): 58. 1999; Higher Pl. China 11: 783. 2005), but more evidence is needed.