异苞蒲公英Taraxacum heterolepis Nakai et Koidz. ex Kitag.
异苞蒲公英Taraxacum heterolepis Nakai et Koidz. ex Kitag.
12.异苞蒲公英（东北植物检索表）
Taraxacum heterolepis Nakai et Koidz. ex Kitag. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47: 829. f. 6, f. 10 (8). 1933; 东北植物检索表444.图版161. 图4. 1959 et 731. 图版369: 3. 1995; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 654. 1969;北京植物志1121. 1992;辽宁植物志 (下册) 637.图版284.图4-7. 1992. ——T. multisectum Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 2: 310. f. 6. 1938.
多年生草本。倒披针形至线形，长10-25厘米，宽5-30毫米，不规则羽状深裂，顶端裂片三角形，先端锐尖，侧裂片平展或稍倒向，三角形至线形，先端长尖，边缘具疏齿或全缘，裂片间有小裂片或细齿，叶两面无毛。花葶高10-15厘米，疏被白色蛛丝状绵毛；头状花序直径约35毫米；总苞钟形，长13毫米；外层总苞片披针形，伏贴，先端尖，具窄的膜质边缘，光滑或有极稀的缘毛，先端有模糊的红色，增厚或略具小角；内层总苞片线形，基部略宽，长20毫米，宽2毫米，先端暗红色，多少增厚；舌状花黄色，边缘花舌片背面有模糊的颜色。瘦果倒圆锥形，褐色，长4.5毫米，宽0.7毫米，两面具2深沟，上部具刺状突起，下部光滑，顶端逐渐收缩为长1毫米的圆锥至圆柱形喙基，喙长10毫米；冠毛白色至淡褐色，长5-7毫米。花果期4-6月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁。生于山坡、路旁及湿地。模式标本采自辽宁开原。
形态特征：多年生草本。高10-15cm，全体含乳汁。根圆柱状，深褐色。叶宽倒披针形或条形，长5—18cm，宽1—3cm，先端锐尖或钝，基部渐狭成柄，倒向羽状深裂，顶裂片三角形，侧裂片3—5对，长三角形或近条形，裂片常较远隔，其间夹生小裂片或齿．花葶较叶短，以后伸长，总苞钟状，长10—15mm，总苞片披针形，先端具角状突起，舌状花冠黄色。瘦果长3．5一4mm，上部有刺状突起，喙长8—9mm，冠毛白色，长约5—7mm(图101)。
地理分布：分布于我国东北及内蒙古东部。
生态特征：异苞蒲公英根粗壮，叶片肥大，生物量较大。早春是返青最早的植物之一，在东北从4月上旬开始返青。花期很长，以6—7月比较集中，并一直可延续到9月份。果期7—9月。异苞蒲公英的生态适应性较强，可在较湿润的环境及稍盐碱化的土壤上生长。一般生于湿润草地原野，路旁或林缘附近。
饲用价值：异苞蒲公英的适口性很好，是早春猪、禽的主要青饲料之一。可煮熟或青贮、发酵，也可直接饲喂或调制干草。一般情况下，鲜草马、牛、羊、猪、禽均喜食，干草马中等嗜食，牛，羊喜食，青贮或发酵后猪、禽喜食，放牧在春、夏、秋季为各种畜禽喜食。异苞蒲公英的营养丰富，尤其是蛋白质和胡萝卜素的含量很高。但钙的含量不甚高，共磷、钾的比例约为1：1，维生素C的含量也较少。其营养成分见表101。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
18. Taraxacum multisectum Kitagawa, Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo. 2: 310. 1938.
异苞蒲公英 yi bao pu gong ying
Herbs 11-20 cm tall. Petiole pale green or purplish, sparsely arachnoid at very base but otherwise glabrous, unwinged; leaf blade mid-green, narrowly oblong, 7-16 × 1.2-2.4 cm, sparsely arachnoid, pinnatipartite; lateral lobes 3-5 pairs, ± linear, 8-16 × 1.2-2.3 mm, ± patent, margin ± entire, apex acute; interlobes 3-12 × 1-2 mm, margin filiform-dentate or lobulate; terminal lobe 3-partite, margin of segments entire, apex acute. Scapes brownish green, ± overtopping leaves, arachnoid. Capitulum 3-3.5 cm wide. Involucre 0.9-1.1 cm wide, base rounded. Outer phyllaries 10-14, dark green, margin and apical part often purple, with a gradual transition into paler border and a sharply delimited whitish ca. 0.3 mm wide border, not imbricate, usually broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, outermost ones (6-)7-9 × (2-)2.5-4 mm and ca. 1/2 as long as inner ones, appressed, later to erect-patent, margin ± glabrous or sparsely ciliate, apex ± callose, rarely flat; inner phyllaries 1.4-1.6 cm, apex ± flat to corniculate. Ligules yellow; outer ligules ± flat, outside striped gray. Stigmas grayish green. Anthers polliniferous; pollen grains irregular in size. Achene light grayish straw-colored brown, 4.6-5 × 0.8-0.9 mm; body subsparsely spinulose above, gradually narrowing into a ± cylindric 0.9-1 mm cone, spinules long with longest ones to 0.5 mm, thin, erect-patent, acute, and some also on cone base; beak 1-1.1 cm, thin. Pappus ± white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. spring. Agamosperm.● Steppe grasslands, pastures; below 100-300 m. Jilin, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol.
The occurrence of Taraxacum multisectum in Nei Mongol is probably correct, but this record needs to be confirmed.Taraxacum multisectum is similar to T. abax but substantially differs in having conspicuously long spinules on the achenes, longer beak, not horned, and seldom corniculate outer phyllaries.
别名：公英;婆婆丁;蒲公英;异鳞蒲公英;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：蒲公英属 Taraxacum
12.异苞蒲公英（东北植物检索表）
Taraxacum heterolepis Nakai et Koidz. ex Kitag. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47: 829. f. 6, f. 10 (8). 1933; 东北植物检索表444.图版161. 图4. 1959 et 731. 图版369: 3. 1995; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 654. 1969;北京植物志1121. 1992;辽宁植物志 (下册) 637.图版284.图4-7. 1992. ——T. multisectum Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 2: 310. f. 6. 1938.
多年生草本。倒披针形至线形，长10-25厘米，宽5-30毫米，不规则羽状深裂，顶端裂片三角形，先端锐尖，侧裂片平展或稍倒向，三角形至线形，先端长尖，边缘具疏齿或全缘，裂片间有小裂片或细齿，叶两面无毛。花葶高10-15厘米，疏被白色蛛丝状绵毛；头状花序直径约35毫米；总苞钟形，长13毫米；外层总苞片披针形，伏贴，先端尖，具窄的膜质边缘，光滑或有极稀的缘毛，先端有模糊的红色，增厚或略具小角；内层总苞片线形，基部略宽，长20毫米，宽2毫米，先端暗红色，多少增厚；舌状花黄色，边缘花舌片背面有模糊的颜色。瘦果倒圆锥形，褐色，长4.5毫米，宽0.7毫米，两面具2深沟，上部具刺状突起，下部光滑，顶端逐渐收缩为长1毫米的圆锥至圆柱形喙基，喙长10毫米；冠毛白色至淡褐色，长5-7毫米。花果期4-6月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁。生于山坡、路旁及湿地。模式标本采自辽宁开原。
形态特征：多年生草本。高10-15cm，全体含乳汁。根圆柱状，深褐色。叶宽倒披针形或条形，长5—18cm，宽1—3cm，先端锐尖或钝，基部渐狭成柄，倒向羽状深裂，顶裂片三角形，侧裂片3—5对，长三角形或近条形，裂片常较远隔，其间夹生小裂片或齿．花葶较叶短，以后伸长，总苞钟状，长10—15mm，总苞片披针形，先端具角状突起，舌状花冠黄色。瘦果长3．5一4mm，上部有刺状突起，喙长8—9mm，冠毛白色，长约5—7mm(图101)。
地理分布：分布于我国东北及内蒙古东部。
生态特征：异苞蒲公英根粗壮，叶片肥大，生物量较大。早春是返青最早的植物之一，在东北从4月上旬开始返青。花期很长，以6—7月比较集中，并一直可延续到9月份。果期7—9月。异苞蒲公英的生态适应性较强，可在较湿润的环境及稍盐碱化的土壤上生长。一般生于湿润草地原野，路旁或林缘附近。
饲用价值：异苞蒲公英的适口性很好，是早春猪、禽的主要青饲料之一。可煮熟或青贮、发酵，也可直接饲喂或调制干草。一般情况下，鲜草马、牛、羊、猪、禽均喜食，干草马中等嗜食，牛，羊喜食，青贮或发酵后猪、禽喜食，放牧在春、夏、秋季为各种畜禽喜食。异苞蒲公英的营养丰富，尤其是蛋白质和胡萝卜素的含量很高。但钙的含量不甚高，共磷、钾的比例约为1：1，维生素C的含量也较少。其营养成分见表101。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
18. Taraxacum multisectum Kitagawa, Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo. 2: 310. 1938.
异苞蒲公英 yi bao pu gong ying
Herbs 11-20 cm tall. Petiole pale green or purplish, sparsely arachnoid at very base but otherwise glabrous, unwinged; leaf blade mid-green, narrowly oblong, 7-16 × 1.2-2.4 cm, sparsely arachnoid, pinnatipartite; lateral lobes 3-5 pairs, ± linear, 8-16 × 1.2-2.3 mm, ± patent, margin ± entire, apex acute; interlobes 3-12 × 1-2 mm, margin filiform-dentate or lobulate; terminal lobe 3-partite, margin of segments entire, apex acute. Scapes brownish green, ± overtopping leaves, arachnoid. Capitulum 3-3.5 cm wide. Involucre 0.9-1.1 cm wide, base rounded. Outer phyllaries 10-14, dark green, margin and apical part often purple, with a gradual transition into paler border and a sharply delimited whitish ca. 0.3 mm wide border, not imbricate, usually broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, outermost ones (6-)7-9 × (2-)2.5-4 mm and ca. 1/2 as long as inner ones, appressed, later to erect-patent, margin ± glabrous or sparsely ciliate, apex ± callose, rarely flat; inner phyllaries 1.4-1.6 cm, apex ± flat to corniculate. Ligules yellow; outer ligules ± flat, outside striped gray. Stigmas grayish green. Anthers polliniferous; pollen grains irregular in size. Achene light grayish straw-colored brown, 4.6-5 × 0.8-0.9 mm; body subsparsely spinulose above, gradually narrowing into a ± cylindric 0.9-1 mm cone, spinules long with longest ones to 0.5 mm, thin, erect-patent, acute, and some also on cone base; beak 1-1.1 cm, thin. Pappus ± white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. spring. Agamosperm.● Steppe grasslands, pastures; below 100-300 m. Jilin, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol.
The occurrence of Taraxacum multisectum in Nei Mongol is probably correct, but this record needs to be confirmed.Taraxacum multisectum is similar to T. abax but substantially differs in having conspicuously long spinules on the achenes, longer beak, not horned, and seldom corniculate outer phyllaries.