朝鲜蒲公英Taraxacum coreanum Nakai
朝鲜蒲公英Taraxacum coreanum Nakai
24.朝鲜蒲公英（东北植物检索表）白花蒲公英 图版7: 5-8
Taraxacum coreanum Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 46: 62. 1932; Schischk. Fl. URSS, 29: 444. 1964; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 684. 1979; 辽宁植物志 (下册) 630.图版281. 图5-6. 1992; 东北植物检索表726.图版368.图3. 1995.——T. pseudo-albidum Kitag. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47: 831. f. 6 (1) , f. 10 (10) , f. 11 (7) , incl. var. lutescens Kitag. in 833. f. 6 (2). 1933; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 658. 1969; Kitag. l. c. 686. 1979; 内蒙古植物志6: 286.图版113.图4. 1982; 辽宁植物志 (下册) 630.图版281.图1-4. 1992; 北京植物志1118. 1992; 东北植物检索表726.图版368.图5. 1995. ——T. pseudo-albidum Kitag. f. lutescens Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 36: 23. 1961.
多年生草本。根圆锥形，褐色或深褐色。叶倒披针形或线状披针形，长5-15厘米，宽2-5厘米，先端锐尖，基部渐狭成柄，羽状浅裂至深裂，顶端裂片三角状戟形、宽菱形或正三角形，先端尖，侧裂片狭三角形或线形，平展或倒向，全缘或常在裂片间夹有小裂片或齿，叶面无毛，背面疏被毛。花葶数个，高10-15厘米，顶端幼时密被白色绵毛，后光滑；头状花序直径30-35毫米；总苞宽钟状，长约15毫米；外层总苞片卵形或卵状披针形，先端具明显角状突起，带红紫色，边缘疏生缘毛；内层总苞片线状披针形，先端暗紫色，增厚或具小角状突起；舌状花白色，稀淡黄色，边缘花舌片背面有紫色条纹。瘦果褐色，长3.5-5毫米，上部具刺状突起，中部以下具瘤状突起，顶端逐渐收缩为长1毫米的圆锥至圆柱形喙基，喙纤细，长4-10毫米；冠毛白色，长7-8毫米。花果期4-6月。2n＝32。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古东部及河北。生于原野或路旁。朝鲜、俄罗斯也有分布。
从原始描述上看，朝鲜蒲公英和T. pseudo-albidum Kitag.的共同特征为：花白色或淡黄色，外层总苞片先端有显著的小角状突起，而主要的区别仅是：朝鲜蒲公英瘦果的喙长4毫米，而T. pseudo-albidum Kitag.瘦果的喙长10毫米。在观察东北开白花的标本时，发现喙的长度从4毫米到10毫米是连续的。因此予以归并。
形态特征：多年生草本。根圆锥形，褐色或深褐色。叶倒披针形或线状披针形，长5—15厘米，宽2—5厘米，先端锐尖，基部渐狭成柄，羽状浅裂至深裂，顶端裂片三角状戟形、宽菱形或正三角形，先端尖，侧裂片狭三角形或线形，平展或倒向，全缘或常在裂片间夹有小裂片或齿，叶面无毛，背面疏被毛。花葶数个，高10—15厘米，顶端幼时密被白色绵毛，后光滑；头状花序直径30—35毫米；总苞宽钟状，长约15毫米；外层总苞片卵形或卵状披针形，先端具明显角状突起，带红紫色，边缘疏生缘毛；内层总苞片线状披针形，先端暗紫色，增厚或具小角状突起；舌状花白色，稀淡黄色，边缘花舌片背面有紫色条纹。瘦果褐色，长3．5—5毫米，上部具刺状突起，中部以下具瘤状突起，顶端逐渐收缩为长1毫米的圆锥至圆柱形喙基，喙纤细，长4—10毫米；冠毛白色，长7——8毫米。花果期4——6月。2n=32。
产地分布：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古东部及河北。生于原野或路旁。朝鲜、俄罗斯也有 分布。
参考文献：Taraxacum coreanum Nakai in Eot． Mag． Tokyo 46：62． 1932；Schischk．F1． URSS，29：444．1964；Kitag．Neo-Lineam．F1。Mansh．684．1979；辽宁植物志(下 册)630．图版281．图5—6．1992；东北植物检索表 726．图版368．图3．1995．—— T．Pseudo-albidum Kitag．In Bot．Mag．Tokyo 47：831．F．6(1)，f·10(10)，f．11 (7)，incl．var．1utescens Kitag．In 833．F．6(2)．1933；S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ． TaiwanMus．22：658．1969；Kitag．1．C．686．1979；内蒙古植物志6：286． 图版 113．图4．1982；辽宁植物志(下册)630．图版281． 图1—4．1992；北京植物志 1118．1992；东北植物检索表726．图版368． 图5．1995．——T．Pseudo-albidum Kitag．F．1utescens Kitag．inJOLIlTl．Jap．Eot．36：23．1961．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
61. Taraxacum coreanum Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 46: 62. 1932.
朝鲜蒲公英 chao xian pu gong ying Taraxacum pseudoalbidum Kitagawa; T. pseudoalbidum var. lutescens Kitagawa.
Herbs 20-25 cm tall. Petiole suffused purplish or ± green, whitish brown arachnoid above, ± winged; leaf blade mid-green and often ± suffused purplish, ± linear-oblanceolate, 13-20 × (2-)2.5-3(-5) cm, sparsely arachnoid, deeply pinnatisect; lateral lobes (3 or)4-6, usually linear-deltoid to linear-triangular, patent, margin subentire to minutely dentate in outer leaves but dentate and often lobulate in middle and inner ones; lobules also patent, margin sometimes dentate, apex acute to lingulate; interlobes winged, margin dentate-lobulate or rarely entire; terminal lobe flat rhombic to flat triangular, basal segments ± triangular, acute. Scapes brownish green to purplish, ± equaling leaves, arachnoid below and densely arachnoid-lanate below capitulum. Capitulum 2.5-3.5 cm wide. Involucre light green, 0.9-1.1 cm wide, base narrowly rounded. Outer phyllaries 10-12, light green to green, ± not imbricate, ± lanceolate, narrowly ovate, or sometimes to ovate, outermost ones 7-9 × 2.2-3.6 mm and 1/2-3/5 as long as inner ones, loosely appressed, distinctly veined, border not very distinct, ± membranous, to 0.5 mm wide, and sometimes suffused pink near apex, margin ciliate to sparsely so in apical part, with a dark ca. 1 mm horn near apex; inner phyllaries 1.3-1.6 cm, apex callose to corniculate. Ligules white or very pale whitish yellow; outer ligules outside ± pinkish and on both surfaces striped purplish gray; inner ligules with blackish apical teeth. Stigmas deep grayish green. Anthers polliniferous; pollen grains irregular in size. Achene ± straw-colored brown to light brown, 5.6-6 × 1.4-1.6 mm; body tuberculate or minutely squamulose below, densely squamulose and spinulose in upper 1/5-1/3, subgradually narrowing into a subcylindric 1-1.4 mm cone; beak 8-9 mm. Pappus yellowish, ca. 7 mm. Fl. late spring and summer. Agamosperm. 2n = 32.Grasslands, roadsides; below 100-500 m. Liaoning [N Korea].
Taraxacum coreanum is also reported from Hebei, Heilongjiang, and Jilin (FRPS 80(2): 35. 1999; Higher Pl. China 11: 775. 2005), but a revision of the material is needed.
别名：白花蒲公英;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：蒲公英属 Taraxacum
24.朝鲜蒲公英（东北植物检索表）白花蒲公英 图版7: 5-8
Taraxacum coreanum Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 46: 62. 1932; Schischk. Fl. URSS, 29: 444. 1964; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 684. 1979; 辽宁植物志 (下册) 630.图版281. 图5-6. 1992; 东北植物检索表726.图版368.图3. 1995.——T. pseudo-albidum Kitag. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47: 831. f. 6 (1) , f. 10 (10) , f. 11 (7) , incl. var. lutescens Kitag. in 833. f. 6 (2). 1933; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 658. 1969; Kitag. l. c. 686. 1979; 内蒙古植物志6: 286.图版113.图4. 1982; 辽宁植物志 (下册) 630.图版281.图1-4. 1992; 北京植物志1118. 1992; 东北植物检索表726.图版368.图5. 1995. ——T. pseudo-albidum Kitag. f. lutescens Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 36: 23. 1961.
多年生草本。根圆锥形，褐色或深褐色。叶倒披针形或线状披针形，长5-15厘米，宽2-5厘米，先端锐尖，基部渐狭成柄，羽状浅裂至深裂，顶端裂片三角状戟形、宽菱形或正三角形，先端尖，侧裂片狭三角形或线形，平展或倒向，全缘或常在裂片间夹有小裂片或齿，叶面无毛，背面疏被毛。花葶数个，高10-15厘米，顶端幼时密被白色绵毛，后光滑；头状花序直径30-35毫米；总苞宽钟状，长约15毫米；外层总苞片卵形或卵状披针形，先端具明显角状突起，带红紫色，边缘疏生缘毛；内层总苞片线状披针形，先端暗紫色，增厚或具小角状突起；舌状花白色，稀淡黄色，边缘花舌片背面有紫色条纹。瘦果褐色，长3.5-5毫米，上部具刺状突起，中部以下具瘤状突起，顶端逐渐收缩为长1毫米的圆锥至圆柱形喙基，喙纤细，长4-10毫米；冠毛白色，长7-8毫米。花果期4-6月。2n＝32。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古东部及河北。生于原野或路旁。朝鲜、俄罗斯也有分布。
从原始描述上看，朝鲜蒲公英和T. pseudo-albidum Kitag.的共同特征为：花白色或淡黄色，外层总苞片先端有显著的小角状突起，而主要的区别仅是：朝鲜蒲公英瘦果的喙长4毫米，而T. pseudo-albidum Kitag.瘦果的喙长10毫米。在观察东北开白花的标本时，发现喙的长度从4毫米到10毫米是连续的。因此予以归并。
形态特征：多年生草本。根圆锥形，褐色或深褐色。叶倒披针形或线状披针形，长5—15厘米，宽2—5厘米，先端锐尖，基部渐狭成柄，羽状浅裂至深裂，顶端裂片三角状戟形、宽菱形或正三角形，先端尖，侧裂片狭三角形或线形，平展或倒向，全缘或常在裂片间夹有小裂片或齿，叶面无毛，背面疏被毛。花葶数个，高10—15厘米，顶端幼时密被白色绵毛，后光滑；头状花序直径30—35毫米；总苞宽钟状，长约15毫米；外层总苞片卵形或卵状披针形，先端具明显角状突起，带红紫色，边缘疏生缘毛；内层总苞片线状披针形，先端暗紫色，增厚或具小角状突起；舌状花白色，稀淡黄色，边缘花舌片背面有紫色条纹。瘦果褐色，长3．5—5毫米，上部具刺状突起，中部以下具瘤状突起，顶端逐渐收缩为长1毫米的圆锥至圆柱形喙基，喙纤细，长4—10毫米；冠毛白色，长7——8毫米。花果期4——6月。2n=32。
产地分布：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古东部及河北。生于原野或路旁。朝鲜、俄罗斯也有 分布。
参考文献：Taraxacum coreanum Nakai in Eot． Mag． Tokyo 46：62． 1932；Schischk．F1． URSS，29：444．1964；Kitag．Neo-Lineam．F1。Mansh．684．1979；辽宁植物志(下 册)630．图版281．图5—6．1992；东北植物检索表 726．图版368．图3．1995．—— T．Pseudo-albidum Kitag．In Bot．Mag．Tokyo 47：831．F．6(1)，f·10(10)，f．11 (7)，incl．var．1utescens Kitag．In 833．F．6(2)．1933；S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ． TaiwanMus．22：658．1969；Kitag．1．C．686．1979；内蒙古植物志6：286． 图版 113．图4．1982；辽宁植物志(下册)630．图版281． 图1—4．1992；北京植物志 1118．1992；东北植物检索表726．图版368． 图5．1995．——T．Pseudo-albidum Kitag．F．1utescens Kitag．inJOLIlTl．Jap．Eot．36：23．1961．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
61. Taraxacum coreanum Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 46: 62. 1932.
朝鲜蒲公英 chao xian pu gong ying Taraxacum pseudoalbidum Kitagawa; T. pseudoalbidum var. lutescens Kitagawa.
Herbs 20-25 cm tall. Petiole suffused purplish or ± green, whitish brown arachnoid above, ± winged; leaf blade mid-green and often ± suffused purplish, ± linear-oblanceolate, 13-20 × (2-)2.5-3(-5) cm, sparsely arachnoid, deeply pinnatisect; lateral lobes (3 or)4-6, usually linear-deltoid to linear-triangular, patent, margin subentire to minutely dentate in outer leaves but dentate and often lobulate in middle and inner ones; lobules also patent, margin sometimes dentate, apex acute to lingulate; interlobes winged, margin dentate-lobulate or rarely entire; terminal lobe flat rhombic to flat triangular, basal segments ± triangular, acute. Scapes brownish green to purplish, ± equaling leaves, arachnoid below and densely arachnoid-lanate below capitulum. Capitulum 2.5-3.5 cm wide. Involucre light green, 0.9-1.1 cm wide, base narrowly rounded. Outer phyllaries 10-12, light green to green, ± not imbricate, ± lanceolate, narrowly ovate, or sometimes to ovate, outermost ones 7-9 × 2.2-3.6 mm and 1/2-3/5 as long as inner ones, loosely appressed, distinctly veined, border not very distinct, ± membranous, to 0.5 mm wide, and sometimes suffused pink near apex, margin ciliate to sparsely so in apical part, with a dark ca. 1 mm horn near apex; inner phyllaries 1.3-1.6 cm, apex callose to corniculate. Ligules white or very pale whitish yellow; outer ligules outside ± pinkish and on both surfaces striped purplish gray; inner ligules with blackish apical teeth. Stigmas deep grayish green. Anthers polliniferous; pollen grains irregular in size. Achene ± straw-colored brown to light brown, 5.6-6 × 1.4-1.6 mm; body tuberculate or minutely squamulose below, densely squamulose and spinulose in upper 1/5-1/3, subgradually narrowing into a subcylindric 1-1.4 mm cone; beak 8-9 mm. Pappus yellowish, ca. 7 mm. Fl. late spring and summer. Agamosperm. 2n = 32.Grasslands, roadsides; below 100-500 m. Liaoning [N Korea].
Taraxacum coreanum is also reported from Hebei, Heilongjiang, and Jilin (FRPS 80(2): 35. 1999; Higher Pl. China 11: 775. 2005), but a revision of the material is needed.