万寿菊Tagetes erecta Linn.

别名：Aztec marigold;金丝菊;黄菊;野苦艾;西番菊;孔雀草;金菊;金鸡菊;金花菊;芙蓉花;臭芙蓉;臭菊花;臭草;金盏菊;十样景;乌乐吉特-乌达巴拉;大万寿菊;蜂窝菊;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：万寿菊属 Tagetes

《中国植物志》第75卷389页
  2. 万寿菊 臭芙蓉
  Tagetes erecta L. Sp. Pl. 887. 1753; DC. Prodr. 5: 643. 1836; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志 542. 1956; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册 772. 图1244. 1959.
  一年生草本，高50-150厘米。茎直立，粗壮，具纵细条棱，分枝向上平展。叶羽状分裂，长5-10厘米，宽4-8厘米，裂片长椭圆形或披针形，边缘具锐锯齿，上部叶裂片的齿端有长细芒；沿叶缘有少数腺体。头状花序单生，径5-8厘米，花序梗顶端棍棒状膨大；总苞长1.8-2厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，杯状，顶端具齿尖；舌状花黄色或暗橙色；长2.9厘米，舌片倒卵形，长1.4厘米，宽1.2厘米，基部收缩成长爪，顶端微弯缺；管状花花冠黄色，长约9毫米，顶端具5齿裂。瘦果线形，基部缩小，黑色或褐色，长8-11毫米，被短微毛；冠毛有1-2个长芒和2-3个短而钝的鳞片。花期7-9月。
  原产墨西哥。我国各地均有栽培。在广东和云南南部、东南部已归化。
形态特征：多年生草本。总苞片1层，常结合，等长，冠毛有具5-6芒的鳞片；叶对生。
分    布：各地
生    境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：清热化痰、补血通经
药用主治：清热化痰、补血通经

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Tagetes erecta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 887. 1753.
万寿菊 wan shou ju Tagetes patula Linnaeus; T. tenuifolia Cavanilles.
Annuals, 10-120 cm. Leaf blades 30-120(-250) mm overall, principal lobes/leaflets 9-25, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 15-25(-45) × 3-8(-12) mm. Capitula solitary; peduncles 30-100(-150) mm; involucres 10-22+ × (3-)5-12 mm; phyllaries 5-8. Ray florets (3-)5-8(-100 in "double" cultivars); lamina yellow to orange, red-brown (sometimes bi-colored: yellow/ red-brown), or white (some cultivars), flabellate to ovate-quadrate, (2-)12-18(-25) mm. Disk florets (10-)50-120; corollas 7-12 mm. Achenes 6-11 mm; pappus of 0-2 subulate-aristate scales 6-12 mm and 2-4 distinct or connate, linear-oblong, erose scales 2-6+ mm. Fl. Jun-Oct. 2n = 24, 48.Widely cultivated in China [native to North America].
Cultivars of Tagetes erecta are widely grown in gardens and, commercially, for cut flowers. They often persist after plantings are abandoned. Tetraploid plants (2n = 48) with smaller involucres and wholly or partially red-brown corollas included here in T. erecta have been called T. patula by some botanists.