栏目

丫口合耳菊Synotis yakoensis (J. F. Jeffrey) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen

丫口合耳菊Synotis yakoensis (J. F. Jeffrey) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen

别名:丫口千里光;丫口尾药菊;

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:合耳菊属 Synotis

《中国植物志》第77(1)卷192页
  22.丫口合耳菊 丫口千里光(云南种子植物名录)丫口尾药菊 图版41 : 8-13
  Synotis yakoensis (J. F. Jeffrey) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen in Kew Bull. 39 (2): 318. 1984;横断山区维管植物下册: 2092. 1994. ——Senecio yakoensis J. F. Jeffrey ex Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 5 : 195. 1912; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Joum. Taiwan Mus. 21: 151. 1968.
  粗壮略灌木状草本。茎直立,高达90-190厘米,具花序枝,被密白色绒毛;杂有红褐色多细胞短硬毛。叶具柄,披针形或椭圆状披针形,长7-16厘米,宽4-5.5厘米,顶端渐尖或长渐尖,基部圆形,边缘具小尖齿,纸质,上面特别沿脉被贴生黄褐色柔毛,下面密生白色绒毛,特别沿脉被锈褐色短硬毛;羽状脉,侧脉9-10对,弧状弯曲,在边缘相联结;叶柄长1-1.5厘米,被密白色绒毛及褐色短硬毛;上部和分枝上的叶较小,披针形或狭披针形,顶端渐尖,具短柄。头状花序不明显辐射状,多数,排成圆形较密的腋生和顶生伞房花序;花序梗长5-10毫米,被密绒毛和褐色短硬毛,具基生苞片及数个线形小苞片。总苞圆柱形,长6-7毫米,宽2-2.5毫米,具外层苞片,苞片4-5,长达总苞片的1/2,总苞片5,长圆状线形,宽1毫米,明显短于小花,顶端钝或稍尖,被短柔毛,上部深紫色,草质,边缘狭干膜质,外面被薄蛛丝状绒毛。舌状花4;管部长4毫米,舌片黄色,线形,长3.5毫米,具3细齿,通常短于花柱;管状花7-9,花冠黄色,长约8毫米,管部长3.5毫米,檐部漏斗状;裂片卵状三角形,长1毫米,尖,被短柔毛。花柱分枝长约1毫米,顶端边缘具短乳头状毛,中央的毛明显,但几不长于两侧的毛。瘦果圆柱形,长5毫米,无毛。冠毛白色,长约7毫米。花期 10-11月。
  产云南西北部(怒江、福贡)。生于开旷山坡和林地,海拔2000米。模式采自怒江丫口。
  此种外形与产于喜马拉雅西部的红脉合耳菊S. rufinervis (DC.) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen (Senecio rufineruis DC.) 十分相似。主要区别在于后者的叶具较深的齿,叶柄基部常具明显的耳;头状花序较小具较短的总苞片(长3-4毫米)。与前一种主要以茎,枝,花序梗,叶柄及叶下面沿脉被密深锈褐色短硬毛相区别。
形态特征:粗壮略灌木状草本。茎直立,高达90—190厘米,具花序枝,被密白色绒毛;杂有红褐色多细胞短硬毛。叶具柄,披针形或椭圆状披针形,长7—16厘米,宽4--5.5厘米,顶端渐尖或长渐尖,基部圆形,边缘具小尖齿,纸质,上面特别沿脉被贴生黄褐色柔毛,下面密生白色绒毛,特别沿脉被锈褐色短硬毛;羽状脉,侧脉9—10对,弧状弯曲,在边缘相联结;叶柄长1—1.5厘米,被密白色绒毛及褐色短硬毛;上部和分枝上的叶较小,披针形或狭披针形,顶端渐尖,具短柄。头状花序不明显辐射状,多数,排成圆形较密的腋生和顶生伞房花序;花序梗长5—10毫米,被密绒毛和褐色短硬毛,具基生苞片及数个线形小苞片。总苞圆柱形,长6--7毫米,宽2--2.5毫米,具外层苞片,苞片4—5,长达总苞片的1/2,总苞片5,长圆状线形,宽1毫米,明显短于小花,顶端钝或稍尖,被短柔毛,上部深紫色,草质,边缘狭干膜质,外面被薄蛛丝状绒毛。舌状花4;管部长4毫米,舌片黄色,线形,长3,5毫米,具3细齿,通常短于花柱;管状花7--9,花冠黄色,长约8毫米,管部长3.5毫米,檐部漏斗状;裂片卵状三角形,长1毫米,尖,被短柔毛。花柱分枝长约1毫米,顶端边缘具短乳头状毛,中央的毛明显,但几不长于两侧的毛。瘦果圆柱形,长5毫米,无毛。冠毛白色,长约7毫米。花期10—11月。
产地分布:产云南西北部(怒江、福贡)。生于开旷山坡和林地,海拔2000米。模式采自怒江丫口。
本种提示:此种外形与产于喜马拉雅西部的红脉合耳菊S.Mfinervis(DC.)C.JeffreyetY.L.Chen(SeneciorufinervisDC.)十分相似。主要区别在于后者的叶具较深的齿,叶柄基部常具明显的耳;头状花序较小具较短的总苞片(长3--4毫米)。与前一种主要以茎,—枝,花序梗,叶柄及叶下面沿脉被密深锈褐色短硬毛相区别。
参考文献:Synotis yakoensis (J.F.Jeffrey)C.JeffreyetY.L.CheninKewBull.39(2): 318.1984;横断山区维管植物下册:2092.1994.——Seneci03ukoensis J.F.Jeffrey exDiels inNot.Bot.Gard.Edinb.5:195.1912;S.Y.Hu in Quart.Journ.Tai— wallMus.21:151.1968.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
22. Synotis yakoensis (Jeffrey) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Kew Bull. 39: 318. 1984.
丫口合耳菊 ya kou he er ju Senecio yakoensis Jeffrey, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 195. 1912.
Herbs, robust, somewhat shrubby. Stems erect, ca. 90 cm tall, branching in synflorescence, densely white tomentose, setulose with reddish brown multicellular hairs. Leaf petiole 1-1.5 cm, densely white tomentose and brown setulose; blade lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7-16 × 4-5.5 cm, papery, abaxially densely white tomentose and ferruginous setuliferous especially on veins, adaxially shortly fulvous pubescent especially on veins, pinnately veined, lateral veins 18-20, arcuate-ascending and intramarginally uniting, base rounded, margin apiculate-dentate, apically acuminate-attenuate or acuminate. Upper leaves and leaves of branches shortly petiolate, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, gradually smaller, apically attenuate. Capitula minutely radiate, numerous, arranged in globose, rather dense, axillary and terminal corymbs; peduncles 5-10 mm, densely tomentose and brownish setulose, basally bracteate, with a few linear, densely tomentose bracteoles. Involucres cylindric, 6-7 × 2-2.5 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 4 or 5, to 1/2 as long as phyllaries; phyllaries 5, oblong-linear, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, thinly arachnoid-tomentose, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse or obtuse-acuminate, puberulent and dark colored. Ray florets 4; corolla tube ca. 4 mm; lamina yellow, ca. 3.5 mm, usually shorter than style, 3-denticulate. Disk florets 7-9; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with ca. 3.5 mm tube and funnelform limb; lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, puberulent. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm; anther tails ca. 0.3 × as long as antheropodia; appendages ovate-lanceolate; antheropodia slightly dilated at base. Style branches ca. 1 mm, fringed with short papillae, terminal tuft distinct but hardly longer than laterals. Achenes ca. 5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. Oct-Nov.● Open montane slopes and forests; ca. 2000 m. NW Yunnan.

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