栏目

锯叶合耳菊Synotis nagensium (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffreyb et Y. L. Chen

锯叶合耳菊Synotis nagensium (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffreyb et Y. L. Chen

别名:白叶火草;拿嘎千里光;拿戛千里光;锯叶千里光;锯叶尾药菊;白叶千里光;舒嘎千里光;锯叶尾药千里光;

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:合耳菊属 Synotis

《中国植物志》第77(1)卷197页
  25.锯叶合耳菊 锯叶千里光(图鉴)图版42: 1-4
  Synotis nagensium (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen in Kew Bull. 39 (2): 321, 1984; 贵州植物志9: 267图版62: 1-3. 1989. ——Senecio nagensium G. B. Clarke in Journ Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 39. 1898; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 494. 1911; S: Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 132. 1968; Koyama in Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. Biol. 2 (2): 149. 1969; Lauener in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 364. 1976. ——Senecio densiflorus Wall. ex DC. var. mishmiensis Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 355. 1881. ——Senecio prionophyllus Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 10: 420. 1896; Diels in Bot. Jarhb. 29: 620. 1901; Hand. -Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 286. 1938; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 138. 1968; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 574.图656. 1975; 秦岭植物志1 (5): 311.图223. 1985. ——Vernonia fargesii Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 10: 369. 1896, nom. illegit., non Franch. 1892. ——Pulicaria kouyangensis Vant. in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 12: 490. 1903; Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 101. 1914; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20: 308. 1967. ——Senecio hugonis S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 43: 142. 1905; Dunn in Jaurn. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 493. 1911; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 48. 1968. ——Inula vernoniiformis Levl. in Repect. Sp. Nov. 12: 535. 1913, et Kouy-Tcheou 98. 1914; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 301. 1966.——Senecio densiflorus Wall. ex DC. var. fargesii Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1379. 1936.
  多年生灌木状草本或亚灌木。茎直立,高达150厘米,不分枝或上部具花序枝,被密白色绒毛或黄褐色绒毛,下部在花期无叶。叶具短柄,倒卵状椭圆形,倒披针状椭圆形或椭圆形,长7-23厘米,宽2.5-8.5厘米,顶端短渐尖,基部楔形或楔状狭成短柄,边缘具细至粗具小尖锯齿或重锯齿,纸质,上面绿色,被疏蛛丝状绒毛及贴生短柔毛,下面被密白色绒毛或黄褐色绒毛及沿脉被褐色短硬毛,羽状脉,侧脉10-13,稀15对,弧状上弯,叶脉在下面明显;叶柄长5-25毫米,被密绒毛,常杂有红褐色短硬毛;上部及分枝上叶较小,狭椭圆形或披针形,具短柄。头状花序具异形小花,盘状或不明显辐射状,多数,排成不分枝至开展的,顶生及上部腋生狭圆锥状圆锥聚伞花序;花序梗长5-12毫米,被密绒毛,有时杂有锈褐色短硬毛,具线形苞片。总苞倒锥状钟形,长7-8毫米,宽4-6毫米,具外层苞片;苞片约8,通常线形,与总苞片等长,或有时叶状,明显长于总苞片;总苞片13-15,线形,宽1-1.5毫米,顶端尖,草质,边缘狭干膜质,外面被极密绒毛;边缘小花12-13,花冠黄色,丝状或具细舌,长约6毫米,具3细齿,或有时具有3细齿的舌片;管状花12-20,花冠黄色,长约6毫米,管部长3毫米,檐部漏斗状;裂片卵状披针形,长1.5毫米,尖。花药长3毫米;花药尾部长约为颈部的3/4至2倍;附片卵状长圆形,颈部柱状,较长而狭,向基部略膨大。花柱分枝长1.5毫米,顶端截形,具短乳头状毛,中央的毛不明显。瘦果圆柱形,长1.7毫米,被疏柔毛;冠毛白色,长约5毫米。花期8月至翌年3月。
  产西藏(Mishmi Hill)、四川(灌县、峨眉山、乐山、城口、南川)、云南(昆明、富民、弥勒、腾冲、玉溪)、贵州(安顺、清镇、贵阳、湄潭、石阡、江口、普安、安龙、平塘、荔波)、湖北(恩施)、湖南(武岗、江华)、甘肃(文县)、广东(怀集)。生于森林、灌丛及草地,海拔100-2000米。印度东北部(阿萨姆)及缅甸北部也有。模式采自印度(Mampur) 。
  外形与密花合耳菊S. cappa (Buck-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen十分相似,两者常易混淆。过去曾被视为后者的一变种,或据不同产地的标本建立为不同的种(如Senecio prionophyllus Franch., S. hugonis S. Moore等),我们检查了所有的模式标本,发现前人所建立的种与原种的模式无明显的区别。本种的头状花序盘状,通常无舌状花,或稀边缘花具极小的舌片,总苞片线形,外面被极密的绒毛,与密花合耳菊可以区别。
形态特征:多年生灌木状草本或亚灌木。茎直立,高达150厘米,不分枝或上部具花序枝,被密白色绒毛或黄褐色绒毛,下部在花期无叶。叶具短柄,倒卵状椭圆形,倒披针状椭圆形或椭圆形,长7--23厘米,宽2.5—8.5厘米,顶端短渐尖,基部楔形或楔状狭成短柄,边缘具细至粗具小尖锯齿或重锯齿,纸质,上面绿色,被疏蛛丝状绒毛及贴生短柔毛,下面被密白色绒毛或黄褐色绒毛及沿脉被褐色短硬毛,羽状脉,侧脉10—13,稀15对,弧状上弯,叶脉在下面明显;叶柄长5--25毫米,被密绒毛,常杂有红褐色短硬毛;上部及分枝上叶较小,狭椭圆形或披针形,具短柄。头状花序具异形小花,盘状或不明显辐射状,多数,排成不分枝至开展的,顶生及上部腋生狭圆锥状圆锥聚伞花序;花序梗长5—12毫米,被密绒毛,有时杂有锈褐色短硬毛,具线形苞片。总苞倒锥状钟形,长7—8毫米,宽4—6毫米,具外层苞片;苞片约8,通常线形,与总苞片等长,或有时叶状,明显长于总苞片;总苞片13—15,线形,宽1—1.5毫米,顶端尖,草质,边缘狭干膜质,外面被极密绒毛;边缘小花12—13,花冠黄色,丝状或具细舌,长约6毫米,具3细齿,或有时具有3细齿的舌片;管状花12--20,花冠黄色,长约6毫米,管部长3毫米,檐部漏斗状;裂片卵状披针形,长1.5毫米,尖。花药长3毫米;花药尾部长约为颈部的3/4至2倍;附片卵状长圆形,颈部柱状,较长而狭,向基部略膨大。花柱分枝长1.5毫米,顶端截形,具短乳头状毛,中央的毛不明显。瘦果圆柱形,长1.7毫米,被疏柔毛;冠毛白色,长约5毫米。花期8月至翌年3月。
产地分布:产西藏(MishmiHill)、四川(灌县、峨眉山、乐山、城口、南川)、云南(昆明、富民、弥勒、腾冲、玉溪)、贵州(安顺、清镇、贵阳、湄潭、石阡、江口、普安、安龙、平塘、荔波)、湖北(恩施)、湖南(武岗、江华)、甘肃(文县)、广东(怀集)。生于森林、灌丛及草地,海拔100--2000米。印度东北部(阿萨姆)及缅甸北部也有。模式采自印度(Mampur)。
本种提示:外形与密花合耳菊S.Cappa(Buch-Ham.exD.Don)C.JeffreyetY.LChen十分相似,两者常易混淆。过去曾被视为后者的一变种,或据不同产地的标本建立为不同的种(如SenecioprionophyllusFranch·,S.hugonisS.Moore等),我们检查了所有的模式标本,发现前人所建立的种与原种的模式无明显的区别。本种的头状花序盘状,通常无舌状花,或稀边缘花具极小的舌片,总苞片线形,外面被极密的绒毛,与密花合耳菊可以区别。
参考文献:Synotisnagensium(C. B. Clarke)C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen in Kew Bull. 39 (2):321.1984;贵州植物志9:267图版62:1—3.1989.——$enecionagensiumC. B.Clarke in JOUm Linn.Soc.Bot.35:39.1898Dunn in Johm.Linn.Soc.Bot. 39:494.1911;S,Y.HuinQuart.JOUlTI.TaiwanMus.21:132.1968;Koyamain Mem.Fac.Sci.Kyoto Univ.Ser.Bi01.2(2):149.1969;Lauener in Not.Bot. G91d.Edinb.34:364.1976.——$eneciodensIOFgtSWall.exDC.Var.Mishmiensis Hook.F.F1.Brit.Ind.3:355.1881.——Senecioprionophylus Franch.inJourn. deBot.10:420.1896;Dids in Bot.Jarhb.29:620.1901;Hand.—Mazz.In Acta Hort.Gothob.12:286.1938;S.Y.Hu in Quart.JOUlTI.Taiwan Mus.21:138. 1968;中国高等植物图鉴4:574.图656.1975;秦岭植物志1(5):311. 图223. 1985.——Vernonia/drgesii Franch.In Joum.De Bot.10:369.1896,Bom.Ille— g迁·,non Franch.1892.——Pul&aria kouyangensis Vant.In B~111.AcM.Geogr. Bot.12:490.1903;L6v1.F1.Kouy-Tcheoul01.1914;S.Y.HuinQuart.Journ. TaiwanMus.20:308.1967.——Seneciohugonis S.Moore inJourn.Bot.43:142. 1905;DunninJourn.Linn,Soc.Bot.39:493. 1911;S.Y.Hu in Quart.Journ. Taiwan Mus.21:48.1968.——Inula vernonirmis L1.in Repect.Sp.Nov. 12:535.1913,etKouy-Tcheou 98.1914;S.Y.Huin Quart.Journ..TaiwanMus. 19:301.1966.——Senecio dens2orus Wall.Ex DC。Var.Fargesii Hand.—Mazz. Symb.Sin.7:1379.1936.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
25. Synotis nagensium (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Kew Bull. 39: 321. 1984.
锯叶合耳菊 ju ye he er ju Senecio nagensium C. B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 39. 1889; Inula vernoniiformis H. Léveillé; Pulicaria kouyangensis Vaniot; S. densiflorus Wallich ex Candolle var. fargesii (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; S. densiflorus var. mishmiensis J. D. Hooker; S. hugonis S. Moore; S. prionophyllus Franchet; Vernonia fargesii Franchet.
Subshrubs or herbs, rhizomatous. Stem erect, to 150 cm tall, densely whitish tomentose or fulvous tomentose, branching in synflorescence, leafless in lower part at anthesis. Leaves shortly petiolate; petiole 5-25 mm, densely tomentose and often also setulose with reddish brown hairs; blade adaxially green, obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate-elliptic, or elliptic, 7-23 × 2.5-8.5 cm, papery, abaxially densely whitish tomentose or fulvous tomentose and brownish setulose especially on veins, adaxially sparsely arachnoid-tomentose and shortly scattered pubescent, pinnately veined, lateral veins 20-26(-30), arcuate-ascending, prominent adaxially, base cuneate or cuneate-attenuate, margin finely to coarsely mucronulate-serrate or biserrate, apex shortly acuminate; upper and branch leaves smaller, shortly petiolate, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate. Capitula heterogamous, disciform or minutely radiate, numerous, arranged in narrow, simple, to spreading, compound, terminal and upper axillary paniculoid thyrses; peduncles 5-12 mm, densely tomentose and sometimes also ferruginous setulose, linear-bracteate. Involucres obconic-campanulate, 7-8 × 4-6 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus ca. 8, usually linear, equaling phyllaries, sometimes leaflike and much exceeding phyllaries; phyllaries 13-15, linear, 1-1.5 mm wide, herbaceous, very densely tomentose, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute. Female florets 12 or 13; corolla yellow, filiform, or minutely radiate, ca. 6 mm, minutely 3-denticulate. Disk florets 12-20; corolla yellow, ca. 6 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and funnelform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 3 mm; anther tails ca. 0.75-2 × as long as antheropodia; appendages ovate-oblong; antheropodia rather long and narrow, basally hardly dilated. Style branches ca. 1.5 mm, fringed with short papillae, terminal tuft indistinct. Achenes ca. 1.7 mm, sparsely pubescent. Pappus white, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Aug-Mar.Woods, thickets, meadows; 100-2000 m. Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [NE India, N Myanmar, N Thailand].

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