含苞草Symphyllocarpus exilis Maxim.
含苞草Symphyllocarpus exilis Maxim.
1. 含苞草（东北植物检索表）合苞菊（中国种子植物科属辞典）图版12：1-9
Symphyllocarpus exilis Maxim., in Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. 9: 151, t. 8, f. 1, 1859; Komar. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 650. 1907; Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Manch. 3, app. 1: 412. 1939; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表382. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 460. 图6333, 1975.
一年生草本，无毛；根细弱。茎直立，有条纹，高6-30厘米，径约1-2毫米，上部有花序枝，但在发育旺盛的植株常扭曲，并从基部起有多数分枝和花序枝；分枝二歧状，有时四歧状，弧曲或开展，在枝腋有2-4个密集稀单生的头状花序；节间长，下部在花期凋落。叶互生，在花序枝的上端常近对生或近轮生，披针形或线状披针形，长10-25毫米，宽2-4毫米，上端稍钝，常有小尖头，边缘有1-3个疏齿，有时全缘，下部渐狭成柄状，质薄，中脉细，在下面稍高起；在花序枝端的叶狭长。头状花序球形，无柄，淡黄色，径3-5毫米。总苞长约3毫米，半球状；总苞片2层，卵圆形，倒卵圆形，菱形或披针形，膜质，无毛，顶端尖，边缘透明，有细齿。小花极多数，边缘多层雌性，中央6-20个两性；雌花花冠长2毫米，舌状，有3个细小的裂片；花柱与花约等长；两性花冠管形，上部钟形，有4个卵圆披针形的裂片；花药长圆线形；花丝与花冠约等长。雌花的子房附有宿存合着的托片，托片近披针形，约与花冠等长。瘦果长圆柱形，长约1毫米，在边缘的瘦果稍弯曲，在中央的直立，有疏散的腺毛，上端和基部都有较长的毛。花期7-8月。
产黑龙江和吉林的松花江和乌苏里江流域。生于淤泥地、湮没地、浅滩或河岸。也分布于苏联远东地区。
根据原始记载，此植物高仅数厘米至十余厘米，分枝也较少。黑龙江的标本（哈尔滨水甸子旁湿地）是发育旺盛的植株，高达30厘米，主茎短，从下部起并在上部有重复的长分枝。花青黄色；花序为在枝端密集的叶所围绕，形似火绒草属的苞叶群。
形态特征：一年生草本，无毛；根细弱。茎直立，有条纹，高6—30厘米，径约1—2毫米，上部有花序枝，但在发育旺盛的植株常扭曲，并从基部起有多数分枝和花序枝；分枝二歧状，有时四歧状，弧曲或开展，在枝腋有2—4个密集稀单生的头状花序，节间长，下部在花期凋落。叶互生，在花序枝的上端常近对生或近轮生，披针形或线状披针形，长10—25毫米，宽2—4毫米，上端稍钝，常有小尖头，边缘有1-3个疏齿，有时全缘，下部渐狭成柄状，质薄，中脉细，在下面稍高起，在花序枝端的叶狭长。头状花序球形，无柄，淡黄色，径3—5毫米。总苞长约3毫米，半球状；总苞片2层，卵圆形，倒卵圆形，菱形或披针形，膜质，无毛，顶端尖，边缘透明，有细齿。小花极多数，边缘多层雌性，中央6—20个两性；雌花花冠长2毫米，舌状，有3个细小的裂片，花柱与花约等长，两性花冠管形,上部钟形，有4个卵圆披针形的裂片：花药长圆线形，花丝与花冠约等长。雌花的子房附有宿存合着的托片，托片近披针形，约与花冠等长。瘦果长圆柱形，长约1毫米，在边缘的瘦果稍弯曲，在中央的直立，有疏散的腺毛，上端和基部都有较长的毛。，花期7—8月。
产地分布：产黑龙江和吉林的松花江和乌苏里江流域。生于淤泥地、湮没地、浅滩或河岸。也分布于苏联远东地区。
本种提示：根据原始记载，此植物高仅数厘米至十余厘米，分枝也较少。黑龙江的标本(哈尔滨水甸子旁湿地)是发育旺盛的植株，高达30厘米，主茎短，从下部起并在上部有重复的长分枝。花青黄色，花序为在枝端密集的叶所围绕，形似火绒草属的苞叶群。
参考文献：Symphyllocarpus exilis Maxim.，in M6m．Ac．Sc．St．Pitersb．9：151，t． 8，f．1，1859 3 Komar．In Act．Hort．Petrop·25：650．1907; Kitag·，Lineam。 F1．Manch．3，app·1：412．1939; 刘慎谔等，东北植物检索表382。1959;中国 高等植物图鉴4，460．图6333，1975．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Symphyllocarpus exilis Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans. 9: 151. 1859.
含苞草 han bao cao
Herbs, annual, to 8(-20) cm tall, in habit analogous to Centipeda, glabrous; roots thin, fusiform; stems erect, sulcate, shortly forkedly branching above, branches arcuate-spreading. Leaves alternate, sessile, falsely opposite in bifurcations of stems or gathered in 4s, lanceolate, 12-15(-45) × 3-4(-6) mm, glabrous, with 1-3(-7) denticles in upper portion, base attenuate; upper and bract leaves linear, entire or toothed. Capitula sessile, congested in 2s-4s in bifurcations of stem and its branches, 3-4.5(-6) mm in diam., polyanthous, heterogamous, globose. Involucre distichous; phyllaries of various forms, lanceolate, rhomboidal, oval, or obovate, 1.5-2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm, membranous, glabrous, greenish in center, transparent at margin with fine denticles, apex acuminate. Receptacle flat with paleae lanceolate or ovate, adnate to ovaries of female florets almost up to half of their length, free above, slightly spreading, acuminate with fine denticles at apex, almost reaching apex of corolla in length. External florets multiseriate, female, carpogenous, light yellow, tubular; corolla 0.3-0.6 mm, filiform, irregular, sometimes subregular, mainly tridentate, more rarely bidentate, sometimes 4-dentate; style ca. 0.8 mm, filiform; stigma bipartite with short lobes, ca. 0.16 mm, upright, bluntly linear, ca. 0.06 mm wide, glabrous, slightly divergent; ovary terete, 0.5-1 × ca. 0.2 mm, stalked at base, adnate to nearest palea of receptacle almost up to middle of its length, with fine globose glands and with glandular, sparse, long, horizontally spreading hairs, ovary with upright glandular hairs at apex; pappus absent; marginal female florets minutely radiate, with tridentate or bidentate corolla. Central florets 6-20, bisexual, carpogenous, tubular; corolla campanulate, ca. 0.5 mm, with 4-dentate limb. Style slightly prominent from corolla tube, flat; stigma bipartite, with short lobes, ± linear, ca. 0.12 × 0.08 mm, flattened blunt, with mammillae. Stamens 4, attached to middle of corolla tube; anthers connate into tube, surrounding style, fine, subglobose, ca. 0.25 × 0.12 mm, subtruncate above, basally with very short entire appendages, not united in pairs; filaments ca. 0.25 mm, flat, glabrous. Ovary oblong, ca. 0.5 × 0.2 mm, adnate to 2 touching paleae or to 1 palea of receptacle, more rarely not adnate, with sparse pubescence of glandular hairs. Achenes 0.5-1 mm, terete, smooth, crowned with remaining corolla, with very fine globose glands and sparse elongated glandular hairs, forked at ends and horizontally spreading, with upright hairs adaxially; marginal achenes slightly recurved, middle erect. Fl. Jul-Aug.Silty, flooded, and sandy riverbanks or silty shallows of rivers. Heilongjiang, Jilin [Russia].
别名：含苞菊;合苞菊;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：含苞草属 Symphyllocarpus
1. 含苞草（东北植物检索表）合苞菊（中国种子植物科属辞典）图版12：1-9
Symphyllocarpus exilis Maxim., in Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. 9: 151, t. 8, f. 1, 1859; Komar. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 650. 1907; Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Manch. 3, app. 1: 412. 1939; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表382. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 460. 图6333, 1975.
一年生草本，无毛；根细弱。茎直立，有条纹，高6-30厘米，径约1-2毫米，上部有花序枝，但在发育旺盛的植株常扭曲，并从基部起有多数分枝和花序枝；分枝二歧状，有时四歧状，弧曲或开展，在枝腋有2-4个密集稀单生的头状花序；节间长，下部在花期凋落。叶互生，在花序枝的上端常近对生或近轮生，披针形或线状披针形，长10-25毫米，宽2-4毫米，上端稍钝，常有小尖头，边缘有1-3个疏齿，有时全缘，下部渐狭成柄状，质薄，中脉细，在下面稍高起；在花序枝端的叶狭长。头状花序球形，无柄，淡黄色，径3-5毫米。总苞长约3毫米，半球状；总苞片2层，卵圆形，倒卵圆形，菱形或披针形，膜质，无毛，顶端尖，边缘透明，有细齿。小花极多数，边缘多层雌性，中央6-20个两性；雌花花冠长2毫米，舌状，有3个细小的裂片；花柱与花约等长；两性花冠管形，上部钟形，有4个卵圆披针形的裂片；花药长圆线形；花丝与花冠约等长。雌花的子房附有宿存合着的托片，托片近披针形，约与花冠等长。瘦果长圆柱形，长约1毫米，在边缘的瘦果稍弯曲，在中央的直立，有疏散的腺毛，上端和基部都有较长的毛。花期7-8月。
产黑龙江和吉林的松花江和乌苏里江流域。生于淤泥地、湮没地、浅滩或河岸。也分布于苏联远东地区。
根据原始记载，此植物高仅数厘米至十余厘米，分枝也较少。黑龙江的标本（哈尔滨水甸子旁湿地）是发育旺盛的植株，高达30厘米，主茎短，从下部起并在上部有重复的长分枝。花青黄色；花序为在枝端密集的叶所围绕，形似火绒草属的苞叶群。
形态特征：一年生草本，无毛；根细弱。茎直立，有条纹，高6—30厘米，径约1—2毫米，上部有花序枝，但在发育旺盛的植株常扭曲，并从基部起有多数分枝和花序枝；分枝二歧状，有时四歧状，弧曲或开展，在枝腋有2—4个密集稀单生的头状花序，节间长，下部在花期凋落。叶互生，在花序枝的上端常近对生或近轮生，披针形或线状披针形，长10—25毫米，宽2—4毫米，上端稍钝，常有小尖头，边缘有1-3个疏齿，有时全缘，下部渐狭成柄状，质薄，中脉细，在下面稍高起，在花序枝端的叶狭长。头状花序球形，无柄，淡黄色，径3—5毫米。总苞长约3毫米，半球状；总苞片2层，卵圆形，倒卵圆形，菱形或披针形，膜质，无毛，顶端尖，边缘透明，有细齿。小花极多数，边缘多层雌性，中央6—20个两性；雌花花冠长2毫米，舌状，有3个细小的裂片，花柱与花约等长，两性花冠管形,上部钟形，有4个卵圆披针形的裂片：花药长圆线形，花丝与花冠约等长。雌花的子房附有宿存合着的托片，托片近披针形，约与花冠等长。瘦果长圆柱形，长约1毫米，在边缘的瘦果稍弯曲，在中央的直立，有疏散的腺毛，上端和基部都有较长的毛。，花期7—8月。
产地分布：产黑龙江和吉林的松花江和乌苏里江流域。生于淤泥地、湮没地、浅滩或河岸。也分布于苏联远东地区。
本种提示：根据原始记载，此植物高仅数厘米至十余厘米，分枝也较少。黑龙江的标本(哈尔滨水甸子旁湿地)是发育旺盛的植株，高达30厘米，主茎短，从下部起并在上部有重复的长分枝。花青黄色，花序为在枝端密集的叶所围绕，形似火绒草属的苞叶群。
参考文献：Symphyllocarpus exilis Maxim.，in M6m．Ac．Sc．St．Pitersb．9：151，t． 8，f．1，1859 3 Komar．In Act．Hort．Petrop·25：650．1907; Kitag·，Lineam。 F1．Manch．3，app·1：412．1939; 刘慎谔等，东北植物检索表382。1959;中国 高等植物图鉴4，460．图6333，1975．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Symphyllocarpus exilis Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans. 9: 151. 1859.
含苞草 han bao cao
Herbs, annual, to 8(-20) cm tall, in habit analogous to Centipeda, glabrous; roots thin, fusiform; stems erect, sulcate, shortly forkedly branching above, branches arcuate-spreading. Leaves alternate, sessile, falsely opposite in bifurcations of stems or gathered in 4s, lanceolate, 12-15(-45) × 3-4(-6) mm, glabrous, with 1-3(-7) denticles in upper portion, base attenuate; upper and bract leaves linear, entire or toothed. Capitula sessile, congested in 2s-4s in bifurcations of stem and its branches, 3-4.5(-6) mm in diam., polyanthous, heterogamous, globose. Involucre distichous; phyllaries of various forms, lanceolate, rhomboidal, oval, or obovate, 1.5-2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm, membranous, glabrous, greenish in center, transparent at margin with fine denticles, apex acuminate. Receptacle flat with paleae lanceolate or ovate, adnate to ovaries of female florets almost up to half of their length, free above, slightly spreading, acuminate with fine denticles at apex, almost reaching apex of corolla in length. External florets multiseriate, female, carpogenous, light yellow, tubular; corolla 0.3-0.6 mm, filiform, irregular, sometimes subregular, mainly tridentate, more rarely bidentate, sometimes 4-dentate; style ca. 0.8 mm, filiform; stigma bipartite with short lobes, ca. 0.16 mm, upright, bluntly linear, ca. 0.06 mm wide, glabrous, slightly divergent; ovary terete, 0.5-1 × ca. 0.2 mm, stalked at base, adnate to nearest palea of receptacle almost up to middle of its length, with fine globose glands and with glandular, sparse, long, horizontally spreading hairs, ovary with upright glandular hairs at apex; pappus absent; marginal female florets minutely radiate, with tridentate or bidentate corolla. Central florets 6-20, bisexual, carpogenous, tubular; corolla campanulate, ca. 0.5 mm, with 4-dentate limb. Style slightly prominent from corolla tube, flat; stigma bipartite, with short lobes, ± linear, ca. 0.12 × 0.08 mm, flattened blunt, with mammillae. Stamens 4, attached to middle of corolla tube; anthers connate into tube, surrounding style, fine, subglobose, ca. 0.25 × 0.12 mm, subtruncate above, basally with very short entire appendages, not united in pairs; filaments ca. 0.25 mm, flat, glabrous. Ovary oblong, ca. 0.5 × 0.2 mm, adnate to 2 touching paleae or to 1 palea of receptacle, more rarely not adnate, with sparse pubescence of glandular hairs. Achenes 0.5-1 mm, terete, smooth, crowned with remaining corolla, with very fine globose glands and sparse elongated glandular hairs, forked at ends and horizontally spreading, with upright hairs adaxially; marginal achenes slightly recurved, middle erect. Fl. Jul-Aug.Silty, flooded, and sandy riverbanks or silty shallows of rivers. Heilongjiang, Jilin [Russia].