长裂苦苣菜Sonchus brachyotus DC.
长裂苦苣菜Sonchus brachyotus DC.
7.长裂苦苣菜
Sonchus brachyotus DC., Prodr. 7 (1): 186. 1838; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2: 835. 1845-1846; Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 30: 91. 1875; Kitamura in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 76. 1953; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21 (3-4): 164. 1968; Boulos in Bot. Notis. 126: 182. 1973; Lauener in Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 397. 1976; ——S. chinensis Fisch., Hort. Gorenk. 33. 1812. nom. nud. ——S. shzucinianus Turcz. ex Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 43: 189. 1870.——S. fauriei Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 7: 102. 1909.——S. taquetii Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 141. 1910; Nakai in Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 508. 1911. ——S. cavaleriei Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 451. 1910.——S. arvensis L. var. laevipes Koch, Syn. 434. 1837. ed. 2. 499. 1844; Hand. ——Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1179. 1936 et in Act. Hort. Goth. 12: 350, 1938. ——S. arvensis auct. non L.: Levl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 108. 1914.——S. aruensis L. subsp. brachyotus (DC.) Kitamura in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B, 23: 148. 1956. ——S. arvensis L. f.brachyotus (DC.) Kirp. in Fl. URSS 29: 253. 1964.
一年生草本，高50-100厘米。根垂直直伸，生多数须根。茎直立，有纵条纹，基部直径达1.2毫米，上部有伞房状花序分枝，分枝长或短或极短，全部茎枝光滑无毛。基生叶与下部茎叶全形卵形、长椭圆形或倒披针形，长6-19厘米，宽1.5-11厘米，羽状深裂、半裂或浅裂，极少不裂，向下渐狭，无柄或有长1-2厘米的短翼柄，基部圆耳状扩大，半抱茎，侧裂片3-5对或奇数，对生或部分互生或偏斜互生，线状长椭圆形、长三角形或三角形，极少半圆形，顶裂片披针形，全部裂片边缘全缘，有缘毛或无缘毛或缘毛状微.齿，顶端急尖或钝或圆形；中上部茎叶与基生叶和下部茎叶同形并等样分裂，但较小；最上部茎叶宽线形或宽线状披针形，接花序下部的叶常钻形；全部叶两面光滑无毛。头状花序少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序。总苞钟状，长1.5-2厘米，宽1-1.5厘米；总苞片4-5层，最外层卵形，长6毫米，宽3毫米，中层长三角形至披针形，长9-13毫米，宽2-5-3毫米，内层长披针形，长1.5厘米，宽2毫米，全部总苞片顶端急尖，外面光滑无毛。舌状小花多数，黄色。瘦果长椭圆状，褐色，稍压扁，长约3毫米，宽约1. 5毫米，每面有5条高起的纵肋，肋间有横皱纹。冠毛白色，纤细，柔软，纠缠，单毛状，长1.2厘米。花果期6-9月。
分布黑龙江（具体地点不详）、吉林（安图、通余）、内蒙古（海拉尔、包头）、河北（内丘、石家庄、张家口）、山西（交城、榆次、宁武、垣曲）、陕西（商县、榆林、延安）、山东（济南）。生于山地草坡、河边或碱地，海拔350-2 260米。日本、蒙古、俄罗斯远东地区有分布。模式标本采自俄罗斯。
形态特征：一年生草本，高50一100厘米。根垂直直伸，生多数须根。茎直立，有纵条纹，基部直径达1．2毫米，上部有伞房状花序分枝，分枝长或短或极短，全部茎枝光滑无毛。基生叶与下部茎叶全形卵形、长椭圆形或倒披针形，长6—19厘米，宽1．5—1l厘米，羽状深裂、半裂或浅裂，极少不裂，向下渐狭，无柄或有长1—2厘米的短翼柄，基部圆耳状扩大，半抱茎，侧裂片3—5对或奇数，对生或部分互生或偏斜互生，线状长椭圆形、长三角形或三角形，极少半圆形，顶裂片披针形，全部裂片边缘全缘，有缘毛或无缘毛或缘毛状微齿，顶端急尖或钝或圆形；中上部茎叶与基生叶和下部茎叶同形并等样分裂，但较小；最上部茎叶宽线形或宽线状披针形，接花序下部的叶常钻形；全部叶两面光滑无毛。头状花序少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序。总苞钟状，长1．5—2厘米，宽1—1．5厘米；总苞片4—5层，最外层卵形，长6毫米，宽3毫米，中层长三角形至披针形，长9—13毫米，宽2．5—3毫米，内层长披针形，长1．5厘米，宽2毫米，全部总苞片顶端急尖，外面光滑无毛。舌状小花多数，黄色。瘦果长椭圆状，褐色，稍压扁，长约3毫米，宽约1．5毫米，海面有5条高起的纵肋，肋间有横皱纹。冠毛白色，纤细，柔软，纠缠，单毛状，长1．2厘米。花果期6—9月。
产地分布：分布黑龙江(具体地点不详)、吉林(安图、通余)、内蒙古(海拉尔、包头)、河北(内丘、石家庄、张家口)、山西(交城、榆次、宁武、垣曲)、陕西(商县、榆林、延安)、山东(济南)。生于山地草坡、河边或碱地，海拔350—2260米。日本、蒙古、俄罗斯远东地区有分布。模式标本采自俄罗斯。
参考文献：Sonchus brachyotus DC．，Prodr．7(1)：186．1838；Ledeb．，F1．Ross．2：835．1845 ——1846；Debeaux in Act．Soc．Linn．Bordeaux 30：91．1875；Kitamura in Act．Phytotax． Geobot．15：76．1953；S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．21(3—4)：164．1968；Boulosin Bot．Notis．126：182．1973；Lauener in Notes Royal Bot．Gard．Edinb．34：397． 1976；——S．Chinensis Fiseh．，Hort．Gorenk．33．1812．Bom．Nud．——5．Shzucinianus Turcz．Ex Herd．In Bull．Soc．Nat．Mosc．43：189．1870．——S．Fauriei L6v1．In Fedde， Rep．Sp．Nov．7：102．1909．——S．Taquetii L6v1．In Fedde，Rep．Sp．Nov．8：141．1910； Nakai in Journ．Coll．Sci．Imp．Univ．Tokyo 31：508．1911．——S．Cavaleriei L6v1．In Fedde，Rep．Sp．Nov．8：451．1910．——S．Arvensis L．Var．Laevipes Koch，Syn．434．1837． Ed．2．499．1844；Hand．—Mazz．，Symb．Sin．7：1179．1936 et in Act．Hort。Goth．12：350， 1938．——S．Arvensis auct．Non L．：L6v1．，F1．Kouy-Tch6ou 108．1914．——S．Arvensis L． Subsp．Brachyotus (DC．) Kitamura in M6m．Coil．Sci．Univ．Kyoto Ser．B，23：148． 1956．——S．Arvensis L．F．Brachyotus (DC．)Kirp．In F1．URSS 29：253．1964．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Sonchus brachyotus Candolle, Prodr. 7: 186. 1838.
长裂苦苣菜 chang lie ku ju cai Sonchus arenicola Voroschilov; S. arvensis Linnaeus subsp. arenicola (Voroschilov) Voroschilov; S. arvensis f. brachyotus (Candolle) Kirpicznikov; S. arvensis subsp. brachyotus (Candolle) Kitamura; S. brachyotus var. potaninii Tzvelev; S. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; S. chinensis Fischer; S. fauriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; S. taquetii H. Léveillé.
Herbs 30-100 cm tall, perennial. Taproot with shoot-bearing lateral roots. Stem usually unbranched below synflorescence, glabrous. Basal and lower stem leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-20 × 1-3(-5) cm, undivided or rarely pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, glabrous, base semiamplexicaul to shortly auriculately clasping, margin denticulate and often sinuate-dentate, apex rounded, obtuse, or subacute; lateral lobes triangular to narrowly triangular if any. Middle and upper stem leaves similar to lower leaves but smaller. Synflorescence corymbiform, with few to several capitula. Capitula with very many (usually 170-300) florets; peduncle 0.5-7 cm, slender, glabrous or more rarely white tomentose apically and glabrescent. Involucre broadly campanulate, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous or more rarely basally faintly white tomentose. Phyllaries mostly glabrous, apex acute; outer phyllaries triangular-ovate to lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm wide. Corolla 1.6-2.6 cm. Achene narrowly ellipsoid, 2-4 mm, subcompressed, with 1-3 main ribs on either face, weakly rugose. Pappus 1.1-1.2 cm, persistent. Fl. and fr. May-Sep. 2n = 18.Grassy slopes in mountains, by rivers, alkaline areas; 300-4000 m. ?Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, ?Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, SE Russia, Thailand].
The diploids Sonchus brachyotus and S. wightianus together with the diploid Mediterranean and SW to C Asian S. maritimus Linnaeus and the chiefly European polyploid S. arvensis Linnaeus (see also note under S. wightianus) form a group of closely related species. Identity and delimitation of S. brachyotus, S. wightianus, and S. arvensis (incl. S. uliginosus M. Bieberstein) had long been misunderstood, before Boulos (Bot. Not. 126: 155-196. 1973) clarified their taxonomy. Due to the confusion in the past, the distribution of S. brachyotus in China is probably still incompletely known. Two conceptual problems surrounded this species. 1) The name S. transcaspicus Nevski was applied (e.g., FRPS 80(1): 66. 1997) for plants of this group with glabrous, non-glandular involucres and undivided leaves, and that species was considered as widely distributed in China, except for the southeast. Sonchus transcaspicus, however, is a name coined for C Asian populations of S. maritimus (see, e.g., Kirpicznikov, Fl. URSS 29: 244-260. 1964). The alleged minor differences in leaf shape are not consistent and do not justify the recognition of two taxonomic entities, as has been concluded already by Boulos (loc. cit.) and more recently confirmed by Sennikov (Bot. Zhurn. 85(12): 90-94. 2000). The easternmost occurrences of S. maritimus/S. transcaspicus are in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan (according to Sennikov, loc. cit.) or, more likely, even further west in E Turkmenistan (Boulos, loc. cit.; Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentral. Azii 14b: 77. 2008). The species is also not given in the treatment of Sonchus for the immediately adjacent Chinese province of Xinjiang (C. H. An, Fl. Xinjiang. 5: 434-438. 1999). Sonchus transcaspicus sensu FRPS (80(1): 66. 1997) instead refers to the frequent undivided-leafy form of S. brachyotus. The latter species, like S. arvensis and in contrast to S. maritimus, does not actually have a rhizome, although often stated in the literature, but has lateral roots that produce new shoots even after the root system has been fragmented. Moreover, S. maritimus/S. transcaspicus is a species with glaucous leaves, smaller capitula with 80-150 florets, a corolla with the tube much shorter than the ligule, achene of 2-3 mm only, and a caducous pappus. 2) The name S. uliginosus has been applied (e.g., FRPS 80(1): 68. 1997) for plants of this group with glabrous, non-glandular involucres and pinnately lobed leaves with broadly triangular-obovate to semiorbicular lateral lobes. For the most part, this includes plants of S. wightianus (also referred to as S. wightianus subsp. wallichianus). Some records, however, from the northern provinces especially, apparently refer to the rarer pinnately leafy form of S. brachyotus.
别名：启明菜;短耳苣荬菜;嘎希棍－诺高;虎蓟;苣[茜/贝]菜;苦苣荬;苣荬菜;苣蕒菜;苦苦菜;苣卖菜;苦菜;刺蓟;苦苣菜;大丁草;苦麻叶;甜苣;山苦荬;苦沫菜;苦卖菜;苣苣菜;苣篚菜;甜菜;加苦勒;嘎西棍-诺高;长叶苦苣菜;苣荬花;苦决;苣菜;苦荬;苦葛麻;曲麻菜;匍茎苦菜;牛舌头;牛浆;荬菜;苦荬菜;苦荬花;须须菜;马蓟;曲心菜;取麻菜;取买菜;趣趣菜;苦麻子;北败酱;曲荬菜;败酱草;甜苣菜;豹子草;匐茎苦菜;小蓟;苦马菜;甜苦苦菜;野苦荬;长裂苦荬菜;野苦菜;协图力;败酱;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：苦苣菜属 Sonchus
7.长裂苦苣菜
Sonchus brachyotus DC., Prodr. 7 (1): 186. 1838; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2: 835. 1845-1846; Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 30: 91. 1875; Kitamura in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 76. 1953; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21 (3-4): 164. 1968; Boulos in Bot. Notis. 126: 182. 1973; Lauener in Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 397. 1976; ——S. chinensis Fisch., Hort. Gorenk. 33. 1812. nom. nud. ——S. shzucinianus Turcz. ex Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 43: 189. 1870.——S. fauriei Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 7: 102. 1909.——S. taquetii Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 141. 1910; Nakai in Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 508. 1911. ——S. cavaleriei Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 451. 1910.——S. arvensis L. var. laevipes Koch, Syn. 434. 1837. ed. 2. 499. 1844; Hand. ——Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1179. 1936 et in Act. Hort. Goth. 12: 350, 1938. ——S. arvensis auct. non L.: Levl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 108. 1914.——S. aruensis L. subsp. brachyotus (DC.) Kitamura in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B, 23: 148. 1956. ——S. arvensis L. f.brachyotus (DC.) Kirp. in Fl. URSS 29: 253. 1964.
一年生草本，高50-100厘米。根垂直直伸，生多数须根。茎直立，有纵条纹，基部直径达1.2毫米，上部有伞房状花序分枝，分枝长或短或极短，全部茎枝光滑无毛。基生叶与下部茎叶全形卵形、长椭圆形或倒披针形，长6-19厘米，宽1.5-11厘米，羽状深裂、半裂或浅裂，极少不裂，向下渐狭，无柄或有长1-2厘米的短翼柄，基部圆耳状扩大，半抱茎，侧裂片3-5对或奇数，对生或部分互生或偏斜互生，线状长椭圆形、长三角形或三角形，极少半圆形，顶裂片披针形，全部裂片边缘全缘，有缘毛或无缘毛或缘毛状微.齿，顶端急尖或钝或圆形；中上部茎叶与基生叶和下部茎叶同形并等样分裂，但较小；最上部茎叶宽线形或宽线状披针形，接花序下部的叶常钻形；全部叶两面光滑无毛。头状花序少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序。总苞钟状，长1.5-2厘米，宽1-1.5厘米；总苞片4-5层，最外层卵形，长6毫米，宽3毫米，中层长三角形至披针形，长9-13毫米，宽2-5-3毫米，内层长披针形，长1.5厘米，宽2毫米，全部总苞片顶端急尖，外面光滑无毛。舌状小花多数，黄色。瘦果长椭圆状，褐色，稍压扁，长约3毫米，宽约1. 5毫米，每面有5条高起的纵肋，肋间有横皱纹。冠毛白色，纤细，柔软，纠缠，单毛状，长1.2厘米。花果期6-9月。
分布黑龙江（具体地点不详）、吉林（安图、通余）、内蒙古（海拉尔、包头）、河北（内丘、石家庄、张家口）、山西（交城、榆次、宁武、垣曲）、陕西（商县、榆林、延安）、山东（济南）。生于山地草坡、河边或碱地，海拔350-2 260米。日本、蒙古、俄罗斯远东地区有分布。模式标本采自俄罗斯。
形态特征：一年生草本，高50一100厘米。根垂直直伸，生多数须根。茎直立，有纵条纹，基部直径达1．2毫米，上部有伞房状花序分枝，分枝长或短或极短，全部茎枝光滑无毛。基生叶与下部茎叶全形卵形、长椭圆形或倒披针形，长6—19厘米，宽1．5—1l厘米，羽状深裂、半裂或浅裂，极少不裂，向下渐狭，无柄或有长1—2厘米的短翼柄，基部圆耳状扩大，半抱茎，侧裂片3—5对或奇数，对生或部分互生或偏斜互生，线状长椭圆形、长三角形或三角形，极少半圆形，顶裂片披针形，全部裂片边缘全缘，有缘毛或无缘毛或缘毛状微齿，顶端急尖或钝或圆形；中上部茎叶与基生叶和下部茎叶同形并等样分裂，但较小；最上部茎叶宽线形或宽线状披针形，接花序下部的叶常钻形；全部叶两面光滑无毛。头状花序少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序。总苞钟状，长1．5—2厘米，宽1—1．5厘米；总苞片4—5层，最外层卵形，长6毫米，宽3毫米，中层长三角形至披针形，长9—13毫米，宽2．5—3毫米，内层长披针形，长1．5厘米，宽2毫米，全部总苞片顶端急尖，外面光滑无毛。舌状小花多数，黄色。瘦果长椭圆状，褐色，稍压扁，长约3毫米，宽约1．5毫米，海面有5条高起的纵肋，肋间有横皱纹。冠毛白色，纤细，柔软，纠缠，单毛状，长1．2厘米。花果期6—9月。
产地分布：分布黑龙江(具体地点不详)、吉林(安图、通余)、内蒙古(海拉尔、包头)、河北(内丘、石家庄、张家口)、山西(交城、榆次、宁武、垣曲)、陕西(商县、榆林、延安)、山东(济南)。生于山地草坡、河边或碱地，海拔350—2260米。日本、蒙古、俄罗斯远东地区有分布。模式标本采自俄罗斯。
参考文献：Sonchus brachyotus DC．，Prodr．7(1)：186．1838；Ledeb．，F1．Ross．2：835．1845 ——1846；Debeaux in Act．Soc．Linn．Bordeaux 30：91．1875；Kitamura in Act．Phytotax． Geobot．15：76．1953；S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．21(3—4)：164．1968；Boulosin Bot．Notis．126：182．1973；Lauener in Notes Royal Bot．Gard．Edinb．34：397． 1976；——S．Chinensis Fiseh．，Hort．Gorenk．33．1812．Bom．Nud．——5．Shzucinianus Turcz．Ex Herd．In Bull．Soc．Nat．Mosc．43：189．1870．——S．Fauriei L6v1．In Fedde， Rep．Sp．Nov．7：102．1909．——S．Taquetii L6v1．In Fedde，Rep．Sp．Nov．8：141．1910； Nakai in Journ．Coll．Sci．Imp．Univ．Tokyo 31：508．1911．——S．Cavaleriei L6v1．In Fedde，Rep．Sp．Nov．8：451．1910．——S．Arvensis L．Var．Laevipes Koch，Syn．434．1837． Ed．2．499．1844；Hand．—Mazz．，Symb．Sin．7：1179．1936 et in Act．Hort。Goth．12：350， 1938．——S．Arvensis auct．Non L．：L6v1．，F1．Kouy-Tch6ou 108．1914．——S．Arvensis L． Subsp．Brachyotus (DC．) Kitamura in M6m．Coil．Sci．Univ．Kyoto Ser．B，23：148． 1956．——S．Arvensis L．F．Brachyotus (DC．)Kirp．In F1．URSS 29：253．1964．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Sonchus brachyotus Candolle, Prodr. 7: 186. 1838.
长裂苦苣菜 chang lie ku ju cai Sonchus arenicola Voroschilov; S. arvensis Linnaeus subsp. arenicola (Voroschilov) Voroschilov; S. arvensis f. brachyotus (Candolle) Kirpicznikov; S. arvensis subsp. brachyotus (Candolle) Kitamura; S. brachyotus var. potaninii Tzvelev; S. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; S. chinensis Fischer; S. fauriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; S. taquetii H. Léveillé.
Herbs 30-100 cm tall, perennial. Taproot with shoot-bearing lateral roots. Stem usually unbranched below synflorescence, glabrous. Basal and lower stem leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-20 × 1-3(-5) cm, undivided or rarely pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, glabrous, base semiamplexicaul to shortly auriculately clasping, margin denticulate and often sinuate-dentate, apex rounded, obtuse, or subacute; lateral lobes triangular to narrowly triangular if any. Middle and upper stem leaves similar to lower leaves but smaller. Synflorescence corymbiform, with few to several capitula. Capitula with very many (usually 170-300) florets; peduncle 0.5-7 cm, slender, glabrous or more rarely white tomentose apically and glabrescent. Involucre broadly campanulate, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous or more rarely basally faintly white tomentose. Phyllaries mostly glabrous, apex acute; outer phyllaries triangular-ovate to lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm wide. Corolla 1.6-2.6 cm. Achene narrowly ellipsoid, 2-4 mm, subcompressed, with 1-3 main ribs on either face, weakly rugose. Pappus 1.1-1.2 cm, persistent. Fl. and fr. May-Sep. 2n = 18.Grassy slopes in mountains, by rivers, alkaline areas; 300-4000 m. ?Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, ?Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, SE Russia, Thailand].
The diploids Sonchus brachyotus and S. wightianus together with the diploid Mediterranean and SW to C Asian S. maritimus Linnaeus and the chiefly European polyploid S. arvensis Linnaeus (see also note under S. wightianus) form a group of closely related species. Identity and delimitation of S. brachyotus, S. wightianus, and S. arvensis (incl. S. uliginosus M. Bieberstein) had long been misunderstood, before Boulos (Bot. Not. 126: 155-196. 1973) clarified their taxonomy. Due to the confusion in the past, the distribution of S. brachyotus in China is probably still incompletely known. Two conceptual problems surrounded this species. 1) The name S. transcaspicus Nevski was applied (e.g., FRPS 80(1): 66. 1997) for plants of this group with glabrous, non-glandular involucres and undivided leaves, and that species was considered as widely distributed in China, except for the southeast. Sonchus transcaspicus, however, is a name coined for C Asian populations of S. maritimus (see, e.g., Kirpicznikov, Fl. URSS 29: 244-260. 1964). The alleged minor differences in leaf shape are not consistent and do not justify the recognition of two taxonomic entities, as has been concluded already by Boulos (loc. cit.) and more recently confirmed by Sennikov (Bot. Zhurn. 85(12): 90-94. 2000). The easternmost occurrences of S. maritimus/S. transcaspicus are in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan (according to Sennikov, loc. cit.) or, more likely, even further west in E Turkmenistan (Boulos, loc. cit.; Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentral. Azii 14b: 77. 2008). The species is also not given in the treatment of Sonchus for the immediately adjacent Chinese province of Xinjiang (C. H. An, Fl. Xinjiang. 5: 434-438. 1999). Sonchus transcaspicus sensu FRPS (80(1): 66. 1997) instead refers to the frequent undivided-leafy form of S. brachyotus. The latter species, like S. arvensis and in contrast to S. maritimus, does not actually have a rhizome, although often stated in the literature, but has lateral roots that produce new shoots even after the root system has been fragmented. Moreover, S. maritimus/S. transcaspicus is a species with glaucous leaves, smaller capitula with 80-150 florets, a corolla with the tube much shorter than the ligule, achene of 2-3 mm only, and a caducous pappus. 2) The name S. uliginosus has been applied (e.g., FRPS 80(1): 68. 1997) for plants of this group with glabrous, non-glandular involucres and pinnately lobed leaves with broadly triangular-obovate to semiorbicular lateral lobes. For the most part, this includes plants of S. wightianus (also referred to as S. wightianus subsp. wallichianus). Some records, however, from the northern provinces especially, apparently refer to the rarer pinnately leafy form of S. brachyotus.