伪泥胡菜Serratula coronata Linn.
伪泥胡菜Serratula coronata Linn.
17.伪泥胡菜（东北植物检索表）假升麻（陕西）
Serratula coronata L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1144, 1763; DC., Prodr. 6: 667, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Alt. 4 : 38, 1833 et Fl. Ross. 2(2): 756, 1845—1846; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 469, 1888; O. Hoffm. in Pflanzenfam. 4(5): 326, 1893; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip 3: 176, 1935; Kia, Pl. Sin. 3: 74, 1937; Hand.-Mazz. in Notibl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 659, 1937; Kitag. Lineatn. Fl. Manch. 470, 1939; Kitam. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 21: 56, 1947;东北植物检索表, 426, 1959; Boriss. Fl. URSS 28: 268, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21(3-4): 153, 1968; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4:650, 1975; Lauener in Not. Roy. Bot. Gardn. Edinb. 34(2): 384, 1976; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 220, 1982——S. coronaria Pall. Reise 2: 280, 528, 1773, in nota——Mastrucium pinnatifidum Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 35: 173, 1825 et 41: 523, 1826——Serratula martinii Vant. in Bull. Acad. Internat. Geogr. Bot. 12: 21, 1903——S. manshttrica Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 49: 229, 1935.
多年生草本，高70-150厘米。根状茎粗厚，横走。茎直立，上部有伞房状花序分枝，极少不分枝，全部茎枝无毛。基生叶与下部茎叶全形长圆形或长椭圆形，长达40厘米，宽达12厘米，羽状全裂，有长5-16厘米；侧裂片8对，全部裂片长椭圆形，宽1.5-3厘米；中上部茎叶与基生叶及下部茎叶同形并等样分裂，但无柄，裂片倒披针形、披针形或椭圆形，接头状花序下部的叶有时大头羽状全裂，侧裂片1-2对。全部叶裂片边缘有锯齿或大锯齿，两面绿色，有短糙毛或脱毛。头状花序异型，少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序，少有植株仅含有1个头状花序而单生茎顶的。总苞碗状或钟状，直径1.5-3厘米，无毛，上部无收溢。总苞片约7层，覆瓦状排列，向内层渐长，外层三角形或卵形，长1-7毫米，宽1.5-4毫米，顶端急尖；中层及内层椭圆形、长椭圆形至披针形，长1-1.8厘米，宽3-4毫米，顶端渐尖或急尖；最内层线形，长2厘米，宽1毫米。全部苞片外面紫红色。边花雌性，雄蕊发育不全，中央盘花两性，有发育的雌蕊和雄蕊，全部小花紫色，雌花花冠长2.6厘米，细管部长1.2厘米，檐部长1.4厘米，花冠裂片线形，长5毫米；两性小花花冠长2厘米，檐部与细管部等长，花冠裂片披针形或线状披针形，长5毫米。瘦果倒披针状长椭圆形，长7毫米，宽2毫米，有多数高起的细条纹。冠毛黄褐色，长达1.2厘米；冠毛刚毛糙毛状，分散脱落。花果期8-10月。
分布黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、陕西、新疆（哈巴河县、昭苏、额敏、富蕴）、山东、江苏、湖北及贵州等。生于山坡林下、林缘、草原、草甸或河岸，海拔130-1600米。苏联西伯利亚、远东、中亚地区以及东欧、中欧、日本都有广泛分布。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Serratula coronata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1144. 1763.
伪泥胡菜 wei ni hu cai Mastrucium pinnatifidum Cassini ex Candolle; Serratula coronata var. manshurica (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. manshurica Kitagawa.
Herbs 0.6-1.5 m tall. Rhizomes stout, procumbent. Stems erect, apically branched, rarely unbranched, glabrous. Basal and lower stem leaves petiolate, strigose to glabrescent; petiole 5-16 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic in outline, to 40 × 12 cm, pinnatisect or pinnate; segments narrowly elliptic, margin dentate or serrate; lateral segments 3-8 pairs, asymmetrical, decurrent on rachis. Middle and upper stem leaves sessile, similar in form and same in division as basal and lower stem leaves but smaller. Capitula heterogamous, few or rarely 1. Involucre bowl-shaped to campanulate, 1.2-2.5 cm in diam., with brownish lanate to velvety pubescence, rarely glabrescent. Phyllaries imbricate, in 6 or 7 rows, abaxially purplish red; outer phyllaries triangular to ovate, 3-7 × 1.5-4 mm, apex acute and with a spinule; middle and inner phyllaries elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 10-18 × 3-4 mm, apex acuminate to acute; innermost phyllaries linear, ca. 20 × 1 mm. Corolla purple, 2-2.8 cm in female florets, ca. 2 cm in bisexual florets. Achene oblanceolate-ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm, many striate. Pappus elements yellowish brown, to ca. 1.2 cm, scabrid. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 22.Forests, forest margins on mountain slopes, steppes, meadows, riverbanks; 100-1600 m. Anhui, SE Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, NW Hubei, NW Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, S Shaanxi, E Shandong, Shanxi, N Xinjiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].
别名：麻头花;地特木图-洪古日-扎拉;神麻;冠麻花;胡菜;黄草;黄升麻;假泥胡菜;副冠麻花头;伪泥糊菜;升麻;田草;田村草;伪泥;伪泥湖菜;麻花头;拟泥胡菜;假升麻;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：麻花头属 Serratula
17.伪泥胡菜（东北植物检索表）假升麻（陕西）
Serratula coronata L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1144, 1763; DC., Prodr. 6: 667, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Alt. 4 : 38, 1833 et Fl. Ross. 2(2): 756, 1845—1846; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 469, 1888; O. Hoffm. in Pflanzenfam. 4(5): 326, 1893; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip 3: 176, 1935; Kia, Pl. Sin. 3: 74, 1937; Hand.-Mazz. in Notibl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 659, 1937; Kitag. Lineatn. Fl. Manch. 470, 1939; Kitam. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 21: 56, 1947;东北植物检索表, 426, 1959; Boriss. Fl. URSS 28: 268, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21(3-4): 153, 1968; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4:650, 1975; Lauener in Not. Roy. Bot. Gardn. Edinb. 34(2): 384, 1976; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 220, 1982——S. coronaria Pall. Reise 2: 280, 528, 1773, in nota——Mastrucium pinnatifidum Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 35: 173, 1825 et 41: 523, 1826——Serratula martinii Vant. in Bull. Acad. Internat. Geogr. Bot. 12: 21, 1903——S. manshttrica Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 49: 229, 1935.
多年生草本，高70-150厘米。根状茎粗厚，横走。茎直立，上部有伞房状花序分枝，极少不分枝，全部茎枝无毛。基生叶与下部茎叶全形长圆形或长椭圆形，长达40厘米，宽达12厘米，羽状全裂，有长5-16厘米；侧裂片8对，全部裂片长椭圆形，宽1.5-3厘米；中上部茎叶与基生叶及下部茎叶同形并等样分裂，但无柄，裂片倒披针形、披针形或椭圆形，接头状花序下部的叶有时大头羽状全裂，侧裂片1-2对。全部叶裂片边缘有锯齿或大锯齿，两面绿色，有短糙毛或脱毛。头状花序异型，少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序，少有植株仅含有1个头状花序而单生茎顶的。总苞碗状或钟状，直径1.5-3厘米，无毛，上部无收溢。总苞片约7层，覆瓦状排列，向内层渐长，外层三角形或卵形，长1-7毫米，宽1.5-4毫米，顶端急尖；中层及内层椭圆形、长椭圆形至披针形，长1-1.8厘米，宽3-4毫米，顶端渐尖或急尖；最内层线形，长2厘米，宽1毫米。全部苞片外面紫红色。边花雌性，雄蕊发育不全，中央盘花两性，有发育的雌蕊和雄蕊，全部小花紫色，雌花花冠长2.6厘米，细管部长1.2厘米，檐部长1.4厘米，花冠裂片线形，长5毫米；两性小花花冠长2厘米，檐部与细管部等长，花冠裂片披针形或线状披针形，长5毫米。瘦果倒披针状长椭圆形，长7毫米，宽2毫米，有多数高起的细条纹。冠毛黄褐色，长达1.2厘米；冠毛刚毛糙毛状，分散脱落。花果期8-10月。
分布黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、陕西、新疆（哈巴河县、昭苏、额敏、富蕴）、山东、江苏、湖北及贵州等。生于山坡林下、林缘、草原、草甸或河岸，海拔130-1600米。苏联西伯利亚、远东、中亚地区以及东欧、中欧、日本都有广泛分布。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Serratula coronata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1144. 1763.
伪泥胡菜 wei ni hu cai Mastrucium pinnatifidum Cassini ex Candolle; Serratula coronata var. manshurica (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. manshurica Kitagawa.
Herbs 0.6-1.5 m tall. Rhizomes stout, procumbent. Stems erect, apically branched, rarely unbranched, glabrous. Basal and lower stem leaves petiolate, strigose to glabrescent; petiole 5-16 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic in outline, to 40 × 12 cm, pinnatisect or pinnate; segments narrowly elliptic, margin dentate or serrate; lateral segments 3-8 pairs, asymmetrical, decurrent on rachis. Middle and upper stem leaves sessile, similar in form and same in division as basal and lower stem leaves but smaller. Capitula heterogamous, few or rarely 1. Involucre bowl-shaped to campanulate, 1.2-2.5 cm in diam., with brownish lanate to velvety pubescence, rarely glabrescent. Phyllaries imbricate, in 6 or 7 rows, abaxially purplish red; outer phyllaries triangular to ovate, 3-7 × 1.5-4 mm, apex acute and with a spinule; middle and inner phyllaries elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 10-18 × 3-4 mm, apex acuminate to acute; innermost phyllaries linear, ca. 20 × 1 mm. Corolla purple, 2-2.8 cm in female florets, ca. 2 cm in bisexual florets. Achene oblanceolate-ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm, many striate. Pappus elements yellowish brown, to ca. 1.2 cm, scabrid. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 22.Forests, forest margins on mountain slopes, steppes, meadows, riverbanks; 100-1600 m. Anhui, SE Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, NW Hubei, NW Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, S Shaanxi, E Shandong, Shanxi, N Xinjiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].