麻花头Serratula centauroides Linn.
麻花头Serratula centauroides Linn.
9.麻花头（中国高等植物图鉴）
Serratula centauroides L., Sp. Pl. 820, 175 3 et ed. 2. 1148, 1763; DC., Prodr. 6: 668, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 757, 1845-1846; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. ttrag. 9: 473, 1859; Francb., Pl. David. 1: 183, 1883; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 469, 1884; Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 346, 1938; Kitam. in Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 72, 1940; Walker in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 675 1941; Boriss. in Fl. URSS 28: 273, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21 (3-4):152, 1968; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4:649, 1975; H. Ch Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 221, 1982——Klasea centauroides (L.) Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 35: 173, 1825; Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 21: 138, 1947——Serratula centauroides L. var. macrocephala Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 757, 1845—1846; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 176, 1935——S. komarovii Iljin in Bull. Jard. Bot. URSS 27: 89, 1928, syn. nov.; Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 48: 913, 1934 et Lineam. Fl. Manch. 471, 1939; 东北植物检索表, 424., 1959; Boriis. in Fl. URSS 28: 273, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21(3-4): 154, 1968——S. mongolica Kitag., S. yamatsutana Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 48: 913, 1934——S. hsingenensis Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 48:910, 1934 et Lineam. Fl. Manch. 471, 1939; 东北植物检索表, 424, 1959——S. yamatsutana Kitag. var. mongolica (Kitag.) Kitag., Li neam. Fl. Manch. 471, 1939——Klasea mongolica (Kitag.) Kitag., K. komarovii (Iljin) Kitag. et K. yamatsutana (Kitag.) Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 21: 139, 1947——K. centauaoides (L.) Cass var. albiflora Y. B. Chang in Bull. Bot. Resear. 3: 158, 1983——Serratula radiata auct. non (Waldst. et Kir.) MB.: Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 469, 1884——S. potanini auct.: non Iljin H. Ch. Fu in Fl. In tramong. 6: 225, 1982.
多年生草本，高40-100厘米。根状茎横走，黑褐色。茎直立，上部少分枝或不分枝，中部以下被稀疏的或稠密的节毛，基部被残存的纤维状撕裂的叶柄。基生叶及下部茎叶长椭圆形，长8-12厘米，宽2-5厘米，羽状深裂，有长3-9厘米的叶柄；侧裂片5-8对，全部裂片长椭圆形至宽线形，全缘或有锯齿或少锯齿，宽0.4-0.8（1.3）厘米，顶端急尖；中部茎叶与基生叶及下部茎叶同形，并等样分裂，但无柄或有极短的柄，裂片全缘无锯齿或少锯齿；上部的叶更小，5-7羽状全缘，裂片全缘，无锯齿，或不裂，线形，边缘无锯齿。全部叶两面粗糙，两面被多细胞长或短节毛。头状花序少数，单生茎枝顶端，但不形成明显的伞房花序式排列，或植株含1个头状花序，单生茎端，花序梗或花序枝伸长，几裸露，无叶。总苞卵形或长卵形，直径1.5-2厘米，上部有收缢或稍见收溢。总苞片10-12层，覆瓦状排列，向内层渐长，外层与中层三角形、三角状卵形至卵状披针形，长4.5-8.5毫米，宽3-3.5毫米，顶端急尖，有长2.5毫米的短针刺或刺尖；内层及最内层椭圆形、披针形或长椭圆形至线形，长1-2厘米，宽1-4毫米，最内层最长，上部淡黄白色，硬膜质。全部小花红色，红紫色或白色，花冠长2.1厘米，细管部长9毫米，檐部长1.2厘米，花冠裂片长7毫米。瘦果楔状长椭圆形，褐色，有4条高起的肋棱，长5毫米，宽2毫米。冠毛褐色或略带土红色，长达7毫米。冠毛刚毛糙毛状，分散脱落。花果期6-9月。
分布黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、内蒙古、山西、河北、陕西等。生于山坡林缘、草原、草甸、路旁或田间，海拔1100-1590米。苏联与蒙古有分布。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。
在与多花麻花头 (S. polycephala Iljin) 和碗苞麻花头 (S. chanetii Levl.) 的共同分布中可能有杂交现象发生。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Klasea centauroides (Linnaeus) Cassini ex Kitagawa J. Jap. Bot. 21: 138. 1947.
麻花头 ma hua tou
Herbs (10-)25-150 cm tall. Stem erect, simple or branched, sparsely to densely crispate-pubescent near base, subglabrous in upper part, base with lacerate remains of old petioles. Leaves subglabrous to scabrid; pubescence often sparse, somewhat denser toward margin and along veins, composed of small appressed (ca. 0.2 × 0.03 mm) and larger patent (ca. 1 × 0.1 mm) multicellular hairs. Basal and lower stem leaves petiolate. Upper leaves sessile. Capitula 1 to many. Involucre 0.6-3 cm in diam. Phyllaries imbricate, in 4-10 rows; outer and middle phyllaries 2-11 × 1.5-5(-6) mm, without an apical spine or with a 0.2-2 mm spinule. Corolla purple to pink, rarely almost white, 2-3 cm. Achene brown to pale brown, cuneate-ellipsoid to obliquely cuneate, 4.5-6 mm, faintly ribbed. Pappus 7-11 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Mountain slopes, steppes, meadows, sandy hills, open forests, forests, grasslands, wastelands, roadsides, riversides, watersides, farmlands; 200-3500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, N Sichuan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
Klasea centauroides is a very polymorphic species with respect to number of capitula, leaf shape, shape of involucre, and coloration of phyllaries. Several distinctive forms have been described as species, but all of them are connected by intermediate forms. Delimitation of subspecies is problematic especially in regions where their ranges overlap. Herbarium specimens are often misidentified; therefore, distribution data from literature have to be taken with care and may be incomplete for some subspecies treated here.Klasea centauroides is a very polymorphic species with respect to number of capitula, leaf shape, shape of involucre, and coloration of phyllaries. Several distinctive forms have been described as species, but all of them are connected by intermediate forms. Delimitation of subspecies is problematic especially in regions where their ranges overlap. Herbarium specimens are often misidentified; therefore, distribution data from literature have to be taken with care and may be incomplete for some subspecies treated here.
别名：草地麻花头;花菜;花儿紫;菠菜帘子花儿柴;菠叶麻花头;兴安麻花头;假泥胡菜;花儿柴;洪古日-扎拉;光叶小蓟;水红花;驴耳朵;癞子草;麻花;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：麻花头属 Serratula
9.麻花头（中国高等植物图鉴）
Serratula centauroides L., Sp. Pl. 820, 175 3 et ed. 2. 1148, 1763; DC., Prodr. 6: 668, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 757, 1845-1846; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. ttrag. 9: 473, 1859; Francb., Pl. David. 1: 183, 1883; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 469, 1884; Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 346, 1938; Kitam. in Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 72, 1940; Walker in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 675 1941; Boriss. in Fl. URSS 28: 273, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21 (3-4):152, 1968; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4:649, 1975; H. Ch Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 221, 1982——Klasea centauroides (L.) Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 35: 173, 1825; Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 21: 138, 1947——Serratula centauroides L. var. macrocephala Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 757, 1845—1846; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 176, 1935——S. komarovii Iljin in Bull. Jard. Bot. URSS 27: 89, 1928, syn. nov.; Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 48: 913, 1934 et Lineam. Fl. Manch. 471, 1939; 东北植物检索表, 424., 1959; Boriis. in Fl. URSS 28: 273, 1963; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21(3-4): 154, 1968——S. mongolica Kitag., S. yamatsutana Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 48: 913, 1934——S. hsingenensis Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 48:910, 1934 et Lineam. Fl. Manch. 471, 1939; 东北植物检索表, 424, 1959——S. yamatsutana Kitag. var. mongolica (Kitag.) Kitag., Li neam. Fl. Manch. 471, 1939——Klasea mongolica (Kitag.) Kitag., K. komarovii (Iljin) Kitag. et K. yamatsutana (Kitag.) Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 21: 139, 1947——K. centauaoides (L.) Cass var. albiflora Y. B. Chang in Bull. Bot. Resear. 3: 158, 1983——Serratula radiata auct. non (Waldst. et Kir.) MB.: Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 469, 1884——S. potanini auct.: non Iljin H. Ch. Fu in Fl. In tramong. 6: 225, 1982.
多年生草本，高40-100厘米。根状茎横走，黑褐色。茎直立，上部少分枝或不分枝，中部以下被稀疏的或稠密的节毛，基部被残存的纤维状撕裂的叶柄。基生叶及下部茎叶长椭圆形，长8-12厘米，宽2-5厘米，羽状深裂，有长3-9厘米的叶柄；侧裂片5-8对，全部裂片长椭圆形至宽线形，全缘或有锯齿或少锯齿，宽0.4-0.8（1.3）厘米，顶端急尖；中部茎叶与基生叶及下部茎叶同形，并等样分裂，但无柄或有极短的柄，裂片全缘无锯齿或少锯齿；上部的叶更小，5-7羽状全缘，裂片全缘，无锯齿，或不裂，线形，边缘无锯齿。全部叶两面粗糙，两面被多细胞长或短节毛。头状花序少数，单生茎枝顶端，但不形成明显的伞房花序式排列，或植株含1个头状花序，单生茎端，花序梗或花序枝伸长，几裸露，无叶。总苞卵形或长卵形，直径1.5-2厘米，上部有收缢或稍见收溢。总苞片10-12层，覆瓦状排列，向内层渐长，外层与中层三角形、三角状卵形至卵状披针形，长4.5-8.5毫米，宽3-3.5毫米，顶端急尖，有长2.5毫米的短针刺或刺尖；内层及最内层椭圆形、披针形或长椭圆形至线形，长1-2厘米，宽1-4毫米，最内层最长，上部淡黄白色，硬膜质。全部小花红色，红紫色或白色，花冠长2.1厘米，细管部长9毫米，檐部长1.2厘米，花冠裂片长7毫米。瘦果楔状长椭圆形，褐色，有4条高起的肋棱，长5毫米，宽2毫米。冠毛褐色或略带土红色，长达7毫米。冠毛刚毛糙毛状，分散脱落。花果期6-9月。
分布黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、内蒙古、山西、河北、陕西等。生于山坡林缘、草原、草甸、路旁或田间，海拔1100-1590米。苏联与蒙古有分布。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。
在与多花麻花头 (S. polycephala Iljin) 和碗苞麻花头 (S. chanetii Levl.) 的共同分布中可能有杂交现象发生。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Klasea centauroides (Linnaeus) Cassini ex Kitagawa J. Jap. Bot. 21: 138. 1947.
麻花头 ma hua tou
Herbs (10-)25-150 cm tall. Stem erect, simple or branched, sparsely to densely crispate-pubescent near base, subglabrous in upper part, base with lacerate remains of old petioles. Leaves subglabrous to scabrid; pubescence often sparse, somewhat denser toward margin and along veins, composed of small appressed (ca. 0.2 × 0.03 mm) and larger patent (ca. 1 × 0.1 mm) multicellular hairs. Basal and lower stem leaves petiolate. Upper leaves sessile. Capitula 1 to many. Involucre 0.6-3 cm in diam. Phyllaries imbricate, in 4-10 rows; outer and middle phyllaries 2-11 × 1.5-5(-6) mm, without an apical spine or with a 0.2-2 mm spinule. Corolla purple to pink, rarely almost white, 2-3 cm. Achene brown to pale brown, cuneate-ellipsoid to obliquely cuneate, 4.5-6 mm, faintly ribbed. Pappus 7-11 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Mountain slopes, steppes, meadows, sandy hills, open forests, forests, grasslands, wastelands, roadsides, riversides, watersides, farmlands; 200-3500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, N Sichuan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
Klasea centauroides is a very polymorphic species with respect to number of capitula, leaf shape, shape of involucre, and coloration of phyllaries. Several distinctive forms have been described as species, but all of them are connected by intermediate forms. Delimitation of subspecies is problematic especially in regions where their ranges overlap. Herbarium specimens are often misidentified; therefore, distribution data from literature have to be taken with care and may be incomplete for some subspecies treated here.Klasea centauroides is a very polymorphic species with respect to number of capitula, leaf shape, shape of involucre, and coloration of phyllaries. Several distinctive forms have been described as species, but all of them are connected by intermediate forms. Delimitation of subspecies is problematic especially in regions where their ranges overlap. Herbarium specimens are often misidentified; therefore, distribution data from literature have to be taken with care and may be incomplete for some subspecies treated here.