栏目

西北绢蒿Seriphidium nitrosum (Web. ex Stechm.) Poljak.

西北绢蒿Seriphidium nitrosum (Web. ex Stechm.) Poljak.

别名:察干-协日乐吉;民勤娟蒿;

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:绢蒿属 Seriphidium

《中国植物志》第76(2)卷261页
  3.西北绢蒿(植物研究)新疆绢蒿(新疆),“察干一沙瓦格”、“察干一沙里尔日”(蒙语名)
  Seriphidium nitrosum (Web. ex Stechm.) Poljak. В Мат. Фл. Раст.[ Каэах. 11: 172. 1961; Czerep. Add. Corr. Fl. URSS, (1-30) , 95. 1973. ———Artemisia nitrosa Web. ex Stechm. Artem. 24. 1775; Bess. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 7: 45. 1834; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2(2): 576. 1844一1846; Poljak. Фл. СССР 26: 580. 1961, excl. syn. A. mongolorum Krasch.; Filat.. Фл Каэах. 9: 126, Tab 13. fig. 8. 1966; Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 4: 181. 1976. ——A. schischkini Krasch. В Сйст. эаи. Герб. Томск. унив. 1(2): 2. 1949; Grub. Консп. Монг. Нар. Респ. 268. 1955. ——A. dahurica (Turcz.) Poljak. in Grub. l. c. 264. 1955. ——A. albida auct., non Willd. ex Spreng.: Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 482. 1827: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18 (1-2): 121. 1965. ——A. lercheana auct., non Web. ex Stechm.: Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 4: 84. 1833, quoad pl. Tschujens: DC. Prodr. 6: 104. 1837, incl. var.; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2(10): 508. 1934; S. Y. Hu l. c. 18 (3-4): 241. 1965. ——A. maritima auct., non Linn.: Bess. l. c. 7: 37, 38. 1834. p. p., incl. var. gmeliniana Bess. p. p. et var. lercheana Bess. p. p.; DC. l. c. 6: 103. 1837; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2(2): 572. 1844-1846, incl. var. lercheana Bess. cum f. humilis Ledeb. et f. gmeliniana (Bess.) Ledeb.; Turcz. Fl. Baic. ——Dahur. 3: 56. 1856, incl. var. l ercheana Bess. f. d ahurica Turcz.; Kryl. Fl. Alt. 3: 639. 1904, incl. var. genmina Kryl.; Krasch. В Списке. Раст. Герб. CCCP 10: 99. 1936, incl. subsp. gmeliniana (Bess.) Krasch.; Pamp. in Lav. Inst. Bot. Univ. Cagl. 3: 3. 1938 et in Nuov. Giorn.Bot. Ital. n. s. 46: 572. 1939;东北植物检索表388. 1959. p. p.; S. Y. Hu l. c. 18 (3-4): 242. 1965.
形态特征:西北绢蒿(原变种)图版36:1—6var.Nitrosum多年生草本或稍呈半灌木状。主根明显,细或稍粗;根状茎稍粗短,具少数短小、一年生的营养枝,枝端密生叶。茎高40—50厘米,下部半木质,稀近木质化,上部草质,并有少量斜向上长的短的分枝;营养期茎、枝被灰绿色蛛丝状柔毛,以后毛部分脱落。叶稍柔弱,两面初时被蛛丝状柔毛,后部分脱落;茎下部叶长卵形或椭圆状披针形,长3—4厘米,宽0.5—2厘米,二回羽状全裂,每则有裂片4—5枚,再次羽状全裂,小裂片狭线形,长3—5毫米,宽0.3—0.8毫米,先端钝或尖,叶柄长0.3—0.7厘米;中部叶(一至)二回羽状全裂,基部有小型假托叶;上部叶羽状全裂,无柄,基部裂片半抱茎;苞片叶不分裂,狭线形,稀少羽状全裂。头状花序长圆形或长卵形,直径1.5—2毫米,无梗,基部有小苞叶,庄分枝上排成疏松或密集的穗状花序,并在茎上组成狭长或稍开展的圆锥花序;总苞片4—5层,外层总苞片小,卵形或狭卵形,中、内层总苞片略长,长卵形、椭圆形或椭圆状披针形,外、中层总苞片背面初时密生灰白色蛛丝状短柔毛,后渐脱落,边缘膜质,内层总苞片半膜质,背面近无毛;两性花3—6朵,花冠管状,檐部红色或黄色,花药线形,先端附属物披针形或线形,基部具短尖头,花柱短,开花时先端稍叉开,叉端截形并有睫毛。瘦果倒卵形。花果期8—10月。
用    途:含挥发油及生物碱。牧区作牲畜的饲料。
产地分布:产内蒙古(西部)、甘肃(西北部)及新疆;生于海拔1500米以下荒漠化或半荒漠草原,局部地区可成为植物群落的优势种,也生于戈壁、砾质坡地、干山谷、山麓、干河岸、湖边、路旁和洪积扇地区,在盐渍化草甸附近及微盐渍化的土壤上也见生长。蒙古及苏联(西伯利亚、中亚东部)也有。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。
参考文献:Seriphidiumnltrosum(Web.ExStechm.)Poljak.BMar.Φπ.Pact.Ka3ax.11:l72.1961;Czerep·Add.Corr.F1.URSS(1——30),95.1973.——ArtemisianitrosaWeb.ExStechm.Artem.24.1775;Bess.InBull.Soc.Nat.Mosc.7:45.1834:Ledeb.F1.Ross.2(2):576.1844—1846;Poljak.Φπ.CCCP26:580.1961,excl.Syn.A.MongolorumKrasch.;Filat.Φπ.Ka3ax.9:126,Tab13.Fig·8.1966;Turinera1.F1.Europ·4:181.1976.——A.SchischkiniKrasch.BCHct.3aM.Fepσ.ToMCK·yHHB.1(2):2.1949;Grub.KoHcn.Moar.Hap.Pecn.268.1955.--A.Da-hurica(Turcz.)Poliak.InGrub.1.C.264.1955.——A.Albidaauct·,nonWilld.ExSpreng.:Maxim.Prim.F1.Amur4821827:S.Y.HuinQuart.Journ.TaiwanMus.18(1—2):1211965.——A.1ercheanaaUCt·,nonWeb.ExStechm.:Ledeb.FLAlt.4:84.1833,quoadp1.Tschujens;DC.Prodr.6:104.1837,incl.var.;LinginContr.Inst.Bot.Nat.Acad,Peip.2(10):;08.1934;S.Y.Hu1.C.18(3—4):241.1965.——A.Maritimaauct·,nonLinn.:Bess.1.C.7:37,38.1834.P.P·,incl.Var.GmelinianaBess·p·p·elvar.1ercheanaBess·p.P·;D:.1.C.6:103.1837;Ledeb.F1.Ross.2(2):572.1844—1846,incl.var.1ercheanaBess.Cumf.HumilisLedeb.Etf·gmeliniana(Bess.)Ledeb.;Turcz.F1.Baic.—Dahur.3:56.1856,incl.Var.1ercheanaBess.F.DahuricaTurcz.;Kryl.F1.Alt.3:639.1904,incl.var.Gen—ulnaKryl.;Krasch.BCnHcKepacx.Fep6.CCCP10:99.1936,incl.subsp·gmeliniana(Bess.)Krasch.;Pamp·inLay.Inst.Bot.Univ.Cagl.3:3.1938etinNuov.Giorn.Bot.Ital.N.S.46:572.1939:东北植物检索表388.1959.P.P.;S.Y.Hu1.C.18(3——4):242.1965.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
3. Seriphidium nitrosum (Weber ex Stechmann) Poljakov, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 11: 172. 1961.
西北绢蒿 xi bei juan hao
Herbs, perennial, or subshrubs, arachnoid pubescent or partly glabrescent; flowering stems 5-50 cm tall; root solitary; upper parts with spreading branches. Lower leaves 3-7 cm overall: petiole long; leaf blade ovate-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 30-40 × 5-20 mm, (1 or)2-pinnatisect; segments 4 or 5 pairs; lobules narrowly linear, 3-5 × 0.3-0.8 mm. Middle stem leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect. Upper leaves pinnatisect; leaflike bracts linear, entire, rarely pinnatisect. Synflorescence a somewhat broad to slender, cylindric panicle. Capitula remote or grouped along branches, sessile. Involucre cylindric or ovoid-cylindric, 1.5-2 mm in diam.; phyllaries densely arachnoid pubescent, later sparsely pubescent or glabrescent. Florets 3-6; corolla purple-pink or yellow. Achenes obovoid. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct.Desert or semidesert steppes, Gobi Desert, rocky slopes, dry canyons, dry riverbanks, roadsides, terraces, saline-alkaline soils; low elevations to 1500 m. NW Gansu, W Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia].

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