毛连菜Picris hieracioides Linn.

别名：hawkweed oxtongue;毛柴胡;羊下巴;牛踏鼻;枪刀菜;毛莲菜;毛牛耳大黄;补丁草;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：毛连菜属 Picris

《中国植物志》第80(1)卷055页
  2.毛连菜
  Picris hieracioides L., Sp. Pl. 792. 1753; DC., Prodr. 7: 128. 1838; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2: 698. 1845-1846; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 474. 1888; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3: 182. 1935; V. Vassil. in Fl. URSS 29: 221. 1964; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan. Mus. 20 (3-4): 299. 1967. ——Hedypnois hieracioides (L.) Huds., Fl. Angl. 342. 1762. ——Picris aspera Gilib., Fl. Lithuan. 3: 227. 1785. ——Leontodon umbellatus Schrank, Baier. Fl. 2: 334, 1789. ——Apargia hieracioides (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. III, 3: 1554, 1803.——A. umbellata(Schrank) Schrank in Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Gesellsch. 2: 66. 1918.——Picris hieracioides L. subsp. tsekouensis Kitamura in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 33: 196. 1982. syn. nov.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Picris hieracioides  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 792. 1753.
毛连菜   mao lian cai
Hedypnois hieracioides (Linnaeus) Hudson; Picris hieracioides subsp. tsekouensis Kitamura.
Herbs 16-120 cm tall, annual or short-lived perennial. Taproot stout. Stem erect, branched especially in apical third, hirsute with spreading rigid 2-hooked hairs, leafy. Basal leaves (withered before flowering) and lower stem leaves narrowly elliptic to broadly lanceolate, 8-20 × 2-4 cm, adaxially and especially on veins with spreading rigid 2-hooked hairs, base attenuate into a winged petiole-like portion, margin entire to coarsely and sharply dentate, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse. Middle and upper stem leaves sessile, lanceolate to linear, smaller, base semiamplexicaul to clasping, margin less dentate or entire, otherwise similar to lower stem leaves. Synflorescence corymbiform to corymbosely paniculiform, with some to many capitula. Peduncle slender. Involucre cylindric-campanulate to ovoid, 0.9-1.2 cm. Phyllaries abaxially with whitish rigid 2-hooked hairs along midrib; outer and inner phyllaries ± linear-lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. Florets yellow. Achene brown, fusiform, 3-5 mm, apex truncate. Pappus 5-6 mm, caducous. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 10.
Grasslands, mountain slopes, forests, along ditches, fields, wastelands, sandy soils; 200-3600 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, W Russia, Vietnam; SW Asia, Europe, Mediterranean region].
Picris hieracioides has also been introduced to SE Africa and North America.Picris hieracioides has also been introduced to SE Africa and North America.

《中国辞典》:毛连菜

【出处】 《西藏常用中草药》
【拼音名】 Máo Lián Cài
【来源】 为菊科植物褐毛连菜的头状花序。7～9月采收，晒干。
【原形态】 一年生草本，高达1.8米。茎直立，全株被粗毛。叶互生；阔披针形，长8～14厘米，宽0.8～2厘米，边缘具齿，两面密被粗毛；无柄。头状花序顶生，排列成不规则的伞房花序；总苞片数层；花黄色，全部舌状。瘦果有棱，上有小刺，有短喙，冠毛刺毛状。
【生境分布】 生于山坡、沟边、路旁。分布西藏、云南等地。
【性味】 性微温，味苦咸。
【功能主治】 理肺止咳，化痰平喘，宽胸。治咳嗽痰多，咳喘，嗳气，胸腹闷胀。
【用法用量】 内服：煎汤，1～3钱。
【摘录】 《中国辞典》