假小喙菊Paramicrorhynchus procumbens (Roxb.) Kirp.
假小喙菊Paramicrorhynchus procumbens (Roxb.) Kirp.
1.假小喙菊 栓果菊 图版44: 1
Paramicrorhynchus procumbens (Roxb.) Kirp. in Fl. URSS 29: 237. 1964. ——Prenanthes procumbens Roxb. , Fl. Ind. 3: 404. 1832. ——Zollikofera leucodon Fisch. et Mey. ex Kar. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 12: 161. 1839. ——Microrhynchus fallax Jaub. et Spach Ill. Pl. Or. 3: 106. 1848. ——Zollikofera fallax (Daub. et Spach)Boiss. , Fl. Or. 3: 824. 1875. ——Launaea fallax (Daub. et Spach)O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 350. 1891. ——Sonchus mairei Levl. in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 25: 16. 1915. p. p. et Cat. Yunnan 55. 1916. non S. mairei Levl. 1913. ——S. lakouensis S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 164. 1968. ——Launaea procumbens (Roxb. ) Ramaya et Rajagopal in Kew Bull. 23: 465. 1969; Lauener in Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 398. 1976. ——Launaea nudicaulis auct. non (L. )Hook. f. : Hand. -Mazz. in Notizbl. Bot. Gard. Berlin 13: 660. 1937; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20 (1-2) : 35. 1967.
一年生细弱小草本。自根端发出少数或多数铺散或直立的茎，茎长6-30厘米，纤细，基部直径约1毫米，不等2叉状分枝，被尘状短柔毛或无毛，含少数茎叶或裸露而无茎叶。基生叶莲座状，羽状浅裂、深裂或半裂，全形匙形或倒披针形，长5-7厘米，宽2-3厘米，基部渐狭成长或短翼柄，顶裂片披针形或椭圆形，顶端钝，侧裂片3-4对，椭圆形或三角形，顶端圆形或钝，全部裂片边缘有白色胼胝体状的弯曲刺尖；茎叶少而小，披针形，无柄，边缘有刺尖，或无茎叶；全部叶两面无毛。头状花序单生茎端或少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序，含15-20 (30)枚舌状小花。总苞圆柱状，长1厘米，宽约3毫米；总苞片3-5层，不明显覆瓦状排列，中层及外层小，宽卵形、卵状三角形或椭圆状披针形，长2-4毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖或钝，内层长，披针形，长1厘米，宽2毫米，顶端急尖，全部总苞片外面无毛，边缘白色宽膜质。舌状小花黄色。瘦果异形，长2-3毫米，宽约1毫米，外层瘦果圆柱状，灰白或褐色，不压扁，有10条大小不等的纵肋，肋上有横皱纹及微齿，顶端急尖成细喙，喙极易脱落，短，内层瘦果黄色，倒圆锥状楔形，有6条纵肋，肋上无横皱纹亦无微齿，顶端急尖成短细喙，喙极易脱落。全部瘦果喙顶有冠毛；冠毛白色，长8-9毫米，细，微锯齿状。花果期6-10月。
分布甘肃（金塔）、新疆（托克逊、尉犁）。生于盐碱地、草甸、草原、河滩及灌溉地。地中海地区、哈萨克斯坦、伊朗、阿富汗、印度、巴基斯坦、伊拉克有分布。估计在我国西藏及云南可能也有分布。模式标本采自印度。
形态特征：一年生细弱小草本。自根端发出少数或多数铺散或直立的茎，茎长6—30厘米，纤细，基部直径约1毫米，不等2叉状分枝，被尘状短柔毛或无毛，含少数茎叶或裸露而无茎叶。基生叶莲座状，羽状浅裂、深裂或半裂，全形匙形或倒披针形，长5—7厘米，宽2—3厘米，基部渐狭成长或短翼柄，顶裂片披针形或椭圆形，顶端钝，侧裂片3—4对，椭圆形或三角形，顶端圆形或钝，全部裂片边缘有白色胼胝体状的弯曲刺尖；茎叶少而小，披针形，无柄，边缘有刺尖，或无茎叶；全部叶两面无毛。头状花序单生茎端或少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序，含15—20(30)枚舌状小花。总苞圆柱状，长1厘米，宽约3毫米；总苞片3—5层，不明显覆瓦状排列，中层及外层小，宽卵形、卵状三角形或椭圆状披针形，长2—4毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖或钝，内层长。披针形，长l厘米，宽2毫米，顶端急尖，全部总苞片外面无毛，边缘白色宽膜质。舌状小花黄色。瘦果异形，长2—3毫米，宽约1毫米，外层瘦果圆柱状，灰白或褐色，不压扁，有10条大小不等的纵肋，肋上有横皱纹及微齿，顶端急尖成细喙，喙极易脱落，短，内层瘦果黄色，倒圆锥状楔形，有6条纵肋，肋上无横皱纹亦无微齿，顶端急尖成短细喙，喙极易脱落。全部瘦果喙顶有冠毛；冠毛白色，长8—9毫米，细，微锯齿状。花果期6—10月。
产地分布：分布甘肃(金塔)、新疆(托克逊、尉犁)。生于盐碱地、草甸、草原、河滩及灌溉地。地中海地区、哈萨克斯坦、伊朗、阿富汗、印度、巴基斯坦、伊拉克有分布。估计在我国西藏及云南可能也有分布。模式标本采自印度。
参考文献：Paramicrorhynchus procumbens(Roxb．)Kirp．In F1．URSS 29：237．1964．—— PrenanthesprocumbensRoxb．，F1．Ind．3：404．1832．——Zollikofera leucodon Fisch． Et Mey．Ex Kar．In Bull．Soc．Nat．Mosc．12：161．1839．——Microrhynchus fallax Jaub．Et Spach Ill．P1．Or．3：106．1848．——Zollikofera fallax (Jaub．Et Spaeh) Boiss．， F1．Or．3：824．1875．——Launaea fallax(Jaub．Et Spach) O．Kuntze，Rev．Gen． 1：350．1891．——Sonchus matrez，L6v1．In Bull．Acad．G6ogr．Bot．25：16．1915． P．P．Et Cat．Yunnan 55．1916．Non S．Mairei L6v1．1913．——S．Lakottensis S．Y． Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．21：164．1968．——Launaea procumbens(Roxb．) Ramaya et Rajagopal in Kew Bull．23：465．1969；Lauener in Notes Royal Bot．Gard． Edinb．34：398．1976．——Launaea nudicaulis auct．Non(L．)Hook．F.：Hand．—Mazz． In Notizbl．Bot．Gard．Berlin 13：660．1937；S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus. 20(1——2)：35． 1967．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Launaea procumbens (Roxburgh) Ramayya & Rajagopal Kew Bull. 23: 465. 1969.
假小喙菊 jia xiao hui ju
Prenanthes procumbens Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 404. 1832; Launaea fallax (Jaubert & Spach) Kuntze; Microrhynchus fallax Jaubert & Spach; Paramicrorhynchus procumbens (Roxburgh) Kirpicznikov; Sonchus lakouensis S. Y. Hu; S. mairei H. Léveillé (1915), not H. Léveillé (1913); ?Youngia alashanica H. C. Fu; Zollikoferia fallax (Jaubert & Spach) Boissier.
Herbs, perennial, rosulate, branched from base, procumbent to ascending. Taproot with shoot-bearing lateral roots. Stems 5-30 cm, divaricately branched, puberulent or glabrous, with few leaves or leafless. Rosette leaves spatulate, 5-7 × 2-3 cm, sinuate-dentate to variously pinnately lobed, tapering into a narrow base, margin white cartilaginous denticulate; lateral lobes 3 or 4 pairs, elliptic to triangular, apex rounded to obtuse; terminal lobe lanceolate to elliptic, apex obtuse. Stem leaves smaller, base often clasping, otherwise similar to rosette leaves. Synflorescence divaricately paniculiform, with capitula frequently clustered. Capitula with 15-20(-30) florets. Involucre cylindric, 10-12 × ca. 3 mm. Phyllaries glabrous, margin broadly white scarious, apex acute to obtuse; outer phyllaries triangular-ovate to linear-lanceolate, to 2/3 as long as inner phyllaries; inner phyllaries 8. Achenes dimorphic, 2-4 mm, apex pointed to subtruncate; outer achenes grayish to brown, ± fusiform, ± compressed, with 5 main ribs, transversely wrinkled; inner achenes whitish to grayish, columnar, with 4 thick, soft main ribs, smooth. Pappus 8-9 mm, caducous with pappus disk. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 18.
Alkaline areas, steppes, meadows, irrigated land, floodplains; 1500-2000 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol (Alxa Meng), Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia].
Molecular phylogenetic analyses by N. Kilian (unpubl.) corroborate his previous conclusion inferred from achene morphology (N. Kilian, Englera, 17. 1997) that Launaea procumbens is very closely related to the following species, L. sarmentosa, which provides the type of the name Launaea, therefore refuting its generic segregation as Paramicrorhynchus. The species enters China both from the south (Sichuan, Yunnan) and the northwest (Gansu, W Nei Mongol, Xinjiang). Its presence in W Nei Mongol was reported by Tzvelev (Rast. Tsentral. Azii 14b: 79. 2008). The description and illustration of Youngia alashanica (H. C. Fu in Ma, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 2, 4: 849. 1993) from Ejin Qi, Nei Mongol, with high probability actually also refer to L. procumbens and would confirm its occurrence there.Molecular phylogenetic analyses by N. Kilian (unpubl.) corroborate his previous conclusion inferred from achene morphology (N. Kilian, Englera, 17. 1997) that Launaea procumbens is very closely related to the following species, L. sarmentosa, which provides the type of the name Launaea, therefore refuting its generic segregation as Paramicrorhynchus. The species enters China both from the south (Sichuan, Yunnan) and the northwest (Gansu, W Nei Mongol, Xinjiang). Its presence in W Nei Mongol was reported by Tzvelev (Rast. Tsentral. Azii 14b: 79. 2008). The description and illustration of Youngia alashanica (H. C. Fu in Ma, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 2, 4: 849. 1993) from Ejin Qi, Nei Mongol, with high probability actually also refer to L. procumbens and would confirm its occurrence there.
别名：栓果菊;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：假小喙菊属 Paramicrorhynchus
1.假小喙菊 栓果菊 图版44: 1
Paramicrorhynchus procumbens (Roxb.) Kirp. in Fl. URSS 29: 237. 1964. ——Prenanthes procumbens Roxb. , Fl. Ind. 3: 404. 1832. ——Zollikofera leucodon Fisch. et Mey. ex Kar. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 12: 161. 1839. ——Microrhynchus fallax Jaub. et Spach Ill. Pl. Or. 3: 106. 1848. ——Zollikofera fallax (Daub. et Spach)Boiss. , Fl. Or. 3: 824. 1875. ——Launaea fallax (Daub. et Spach)O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 350. 1891. ——Sonchus mairei Levl. in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 25: 16. 1915. p. p. et Cat. Yunnan 55. 1916. non S. mairei Levl. 1913. ——S. lakouensis S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21: 164. 1968. ——Launaea procumbens (Roxb. ) Ramaya et Rajagopal in Kew Bull. 23: 465. 1969; Lauener in Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 398. 1976. ——Launaea nudicaulis auct. non (L. )Hook. f. : Hand. -Mazz. in Notizbl. Bot. Gard. Berlin 13: 660. 1937; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20 (1-2) : 35. 1967.
一年生细弱小草本。自根端发出少数或多数铺散或直立的茎，茎长6-30厘米，纤细，基部直径约1毫米，不等2叉状分枝，被尘状短柔毛或无毛，含少数茎叶或裸露而无茎叶。基生叶莲座状，羽状浅裂、深裂或半裂，全形匙形或倒披针形，长5-7厘米，宽2-3厘米，基部渐狭成长或短翼柄，顶裂片披针形或椭圆形，顶端钝，侧裂片3-4对，椭圆形或三角形，顶端圆形或钝，全部裂片边缘有白色胼胝体状的弯曲刺尖；茎叶少而小，披针形，无柄，边缘有刺尖，或无茎叶；全部叶两面无毛。头状花序单生茎端或少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序，含15-20 (30)枚舌状小花。总苞圆柱状，长1厘米，宽约3毫米；总苞片3-5层，不明显覆瓦状排列，中层及外层小，宽卵形、卵状三角形或椭圆状披针形，长2-4毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖或钝，内层长，披针形，长1厘米，宽2毫米，顶端急尖，全部总苞片外面无毛，边缘白色宽膜质。舌状小花黄色。瘦果异形，长2-3毫米，宽约1毫米，外层瘦果圆柱状，灰白或褐色，不压扁，有10条大小不等的纵肋，肋上有横皱纹及微齿，顶端急尖成细喙，喙极易脱落，短，内层瘦果黄色，倒圆锥状楔形，有6条纵肋，肋上无横皱纹亦无微齿，顶端急尖成短细喙，喙极易脱落。全部瘦果喙顶有冠毛；冠毛白色，长8-9毫米，细，微锯齿状。花果期6-10月。
分布甘肃（金塔）、新疆（托克逊、尉犁）。生于盐碱地、草甸、草原、河滩及灌溉地。地中海地区、哈萨克斯坦、伊朗、阿富汗、印度、巴基斯坦、伊拉克有分布。估计在我国西藏及云南可能也有分布。模式标本采自印度。
形态特征：一年生细弱小草本。自根端发出少数或多数铺散或直立的茎，茎长6—30厘米，纤细，基部直径约1毫米，不等2叉状分枝，被尘状短柔毛或无毛，含少数茎叶或裸露而无茎叶。基生叶莲座状，羽状浅裂、深裂或半裂，全形匙形或倒披针形，长5—7厘米，宽2—3厘米，基部渐狭成长或短翼柄，顶裂片披针形或椭圆形，顶端钝，侧裂片3—4对，椭圆形或三角形，顶端圆形或钝，全部裂片边缘有白色胼胝体状的弯曲刺尖；茎叶少而小，披针形，无柄，边缘有刺尖，或无茎叶；全部叶两面无毛。头状花序单生茎端或少数在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序，含15—20(30)枚舌状小花。总苞圆柱状，长1厘米，宽约3毫米；总苞片3—5层，不明显覆瓦状排列，中层及外层小，宽卵形、卵状三角形或椭圆状披针形，长2—4毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖或钝，内层长。披针形，长l厘米，宽2毫米，顶端急尖，全部总苞片外面无毛，边缘白色宽膜质。舌状小花黄色。瘦果异形，长2—3毫米，宽约1毫米，外层瘦果圆柱状，灰白或褐色，不压扁，有10条大小不等的纵肋，肋上有横皱纹及微齿，顶端急尖成细喙，喙极易脱落，短，内层瘦果黄色，倒圆锥状楔形，有6条纵肋，肋上无横皱纹亦无微齿，顶端急尖成短细喙，喙极易脱落。全部瘦果喙顶有冠毛；冠毛白色，长8—9毫米，细，微锯齿状。花果期6—10月。
产地分布：分布甘肃(金塔)、新疆(托克逊、尉犁)。生于盐碱地、草甸、草原、河滩及灌溉地。地中海地区、哈萨克斯坦、伊朗、阿富汗、印度、巴基斯坦、伊拉克有分布。估计在我国西藏及云南可能也有分布。模式标本采自印度。
参考文献：Paramicrorhynchus procumbens(Roxb．)Kirp．In F1．URSS 29：237．1964．—— PrenanthesprocumbensRoxb．，F1．Ind．3：404．1832．——Zollikofera leucodon Fisch． Et Mey．Ex Kar．In Bull．Soc．Nat．Mosc．12：161．1839．——Microrhynchus fallax Jaub．Et Spach Ill．P1．Or．3：106．1848．——Zollikofera fallax (Jaub．Et Spaeh) Boiss．， F1．Or．3：824．1875．——Launaea fallax(Jaub．Et Spach) O．Kuntze，Rev．Gen． 1：350．1891．——Sonchus matrez，L6v1．In Bull．Acad．G6ogr．Bot．25：16．1915． P．P．Et Cat．Yunnan 55．1916．Non S．Mairei L6v1．1913．——S．Lakottensis S．Y． Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．21：164．1968．——Launaea procumbens(Roxb．) Ramaya et Rajagopal in Kew Bull．23：465．1969；Lauener in Notes Royal Bot．Gard． Edinb．34：398．1976．——Launaea nudicaulis auct．Non(L．)Hook．F.：Hand．—Mazz． In Notizbl．Bot．Gard．Berlin 13：660．1937；S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus. 20(1——2)：35． 1967．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Launaea procumbens (Roxburgh) Ramayya & Rajagopal Kew Bull. 23: 465. 1969.
假小喙菊 jia xiao hui ju
Prenanthes procumbens Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 404. 1832; Launaea fallax (Jaubert & Spach) Kuntze; Microrhynchus fallax Jaubert & Spach; Paramicrorhynchus procumbens (Roxburgh) Kirpicznikov; Sonchus lakouensis S. Y. Hu; S. mairei H. Léveillé (1915), not H. Léveillé (1913); ?Youngia alashanica H. C. Fu; Zollikoferia fallax (Jaubert & Spach) Boissier.
Herbs, perennial, rosulate, branched from base, procumbent to ascending. Taproot with shoot-bearing lateral roots. Stems 5-30 cm, divaricately branched, puberulent or glabrous, with few leaves or leafless. Rosette leaves spatulate, 5-7 × 2-3 cm, sinuate-dentate to variously pinnately lobed, tapering into a narrow base, margin white cartilaginous denticulate; lateral lobes 3 or 4 pairs, elliptic to triangular, apex rounded to obtuse; terminal lobe lanceolate to elliptic, apex obtuse. Stem leaves smaller, base often clasping, otherwise similar to rosette leaves. Synflorescence divaricately paniculiform, with capitula frequently clustered. Capitula with 15-20(-30) florets. Involucre cylindric, 10-12 × ca. 3 mm. Phyllaries glabrous, margin broadly white scarious, apex acute to obtuse; outer phyllaries triangular-ovate to linear-lanceolate, to 2/3 as long as inner phyllaries; inner phyllaries 8. Achenes dimorphic, 2-4 mm, apex pointed to subtruncate; outer achenes grayish to brown, ± fusiform, ± compressed, with 5 main ribs, transversely wrinkled; inner achenes whitish to grayish, columnar, with 4 thick, soft main ribs, smooth. Pappus 8-9 mm, caducous with pappus disk. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 18.
Alkaline areas, steppes, meadows, irrigated land, floodplains; 1500-2000 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol (Alxa Meng), Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia].
Molecular phylogenetic analyses by N. Kilian (unpubl.) corroborate his previous conclusion inferred from achene morphology (N. Kilian, Englera, 17. 1997) that Launaea procumbens is very closely related to the following species, L. sarmentosa, which provides the type of the name Launaea, therefore refuting its generic segregation as Paramicrorhynchus. The species enters China both from the south (Sichuan, Yunnan) and the northwest (Gansu, W Nei Mongol, Xinjiang). Its presence in W Nei Mongol was reported by Tzvelev (Rast. Tsentral. Azii 14b: 79. 2008). The description and illustration of Youngia alashanica (H. C. Fu in Ma, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 2, 4: 849. 1993) from Ejin Qi, Nei Mongol, with high probability actually also refer to L. procumbens and would confirm its occurrence there.Molecular phylogenetic analyses by N. Kilian (unpubl.) corroborate his previous conclusion inferred from achene morphology (N. Kilian, Englera, 17. 1997) that Launaea procumbens is very closely related to the following species, L. sarmentosa, which provides the type of the name Launaea, therefore refuting its generic segregation as Paramicrorhynchus. The species enters China both from the south (Sichuan, Yunnan) and the northwest (Gansu, W Nei Mongol, Xinjiang). Its presence in W Nei Mongol was reported by Tzvelev (Rast. Tsentral. Azii 14b: 79. 2008). The description and illustration of Youngia alashanica (H. C. Fu in Ma, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 2, 4: 849. 1993) from Ejin Qi, Nei Mongol, with high probability actually also refer to L. procumbens and would confirm its occurrence there.