栏目

蝟菊Olgaea lomonosowii (Trautv.) Iljin

蝟菊Olgaea lomonosowii (Trautv.) Iljin

别名:扎日阿嘎拉吉;菊蓟;鳍蓟菊;猬菊;

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:蝟菊属 Olgaea

《中国植物志》第78(1)卷063页
  1. 蝟菊(中国高等植物图鉴)图版2:2;5:2(1-2)
  Olgaea lomonosowii (Trautv.) Iljin in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Bot. Petrop. 3: 144, 1922 et in Bull. Jard. Bot. Russe 23: 148, 1924; Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 10: 82, 1934; Ling in Contr. Tnst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 6: 97, 1949; S. Y. Hu in Quart, Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19 (3-4): 292, 1967——Carduus lomonosouiii Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 1: 183, 1871-1872——Casduus sincnsis S. Moore in Journ. Bot. Brit For. 43: 143, 1905, syn. nov.——Olgaea sinensis (S. Moore) lljin in Bull. Jard. Bot. Russe 23: 149, 1924, syn. nov.; Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 345, 1938; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20 (3-4): 293. 1967——Serratula diabolica Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 1: 151, 1932——Synurus diubolicus (Kitam.) Kitam. in Act. Phvtotax. et Geobot. 2: 47, 1933——Takeikadzuchia lomonosowii (Trautv.) Kitag. et Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3: 103, 1934; Kitam. in Trans. Supporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 73, 1940; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 605,1975——Garduus hsiaowutaishanensis Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 91, 1934——Olgaea hsiaowutaishanensis (Chen) Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 136, 1935; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(3-4): 292, 1967——O. hsiaotwutaishanensis (Chen) Ling f. humilis Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 137, 1935, syn. nov.; S. Y. Hu in Quart. fourn. Taiwan Mus. 20 (3-4): 292, 1967.
  多年生草本,茎15-60厘米。根直伸,直径达2厘米。茎单生,基部直径达1厘米,被棕褐色残存的叶柄,残存的叶柄并不作纤维状撕裂,通常自基部或下部分枝,分枝伸长,开展或斜升,很少不分枝,全部茎枝有条棱,灰白色,被密厚绒毛或变稀毛。基生叶长椭圆形,长8-20厘米,宽4-7厘米,羽状浅裂或深裂,向基部渐狭成长或短叶柄,柄基扩大;侧裂片4-7对,半椭圆形、半长椭圆形、卵形、长卵形或卵状披针形,顶裂片卵形或披针形或长卵形,全部裂片边缘及顶端有浅褐色针刺,针刺长0.5-2毫米;下部茎叶与基生叶同形并等样分裂,向下渐狭成长或短翼柄;向上及接头状花序下部的叶渐小,椭圆形、长椭圆形、披针形至长三角形,渐不裂,无叶柄,边缘有斜三角形锯齿,齿顶有长0.5-1.5毫米的针刺或边缘有针刺。茎叶全部沿茎下延成茎翼,茎翼狭窄,宽1-2毫米,翼缘有稀疏针刺;全部叶质地薄,草纸,两面异色,上面绿色,无毛,下面灰白色,被密厚的绒毛。头状花序单生枝端,植株含少数或多数头状花序,但并不形成明显的伞房花序式排列,很少植株含1个头状花序而单生茎端的。总苞大,钟状或半球形,稍见灰白色,被稀疏的蛛丝毛,直径5-7厘米。总苞片多层,多数,不等长,向内层渐长,外层与中层线状长三角形,最外层最短,长8毫米,宽1毫米,中层长达2.4厘米,宽达2毫米;内层与最内层与中外层同形,长3.5厘米,宽2毫米,外层被稠密的顺向贴伏的微糙毛。全部苞片质地坚硬,顶端针刺状长渐尖。小花紫色,花冠长3厘米,簷部长1.8厘米,均等5裂,裂片线形,长4毫米。瘦4果楔状倒卵形,长6毫米,宽3-3.5毫米,顶端截形,果缘边缘浅波状,基底着生面稍见偏斜。冠毛多层,褐色,向内层渐长,长达2厘米,基部连合成环,整体脱落;冠毛刚毛糙毛状,向顶端渐细,易脆折。花果期7-10月。
  分布吉林、内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏、河北及山西。生于山谷、山坡、沙窝或河槽地,海拔850-2300米。蒙古也有分布。模式标本采自蒙古。
形态特征:多年生草本,茎15—60厘米。根直伸,直径达2厘米。茎单生,基部直径达1厘米,被棕褐色残存的叶柄,残存的叶柄并不作纤维状撕裂,通常自基部或下部分枝,分枝伸长,开展或斜升,很少不分枝,全部茎枝有条棱,灰白色,被密厚绒毛或变稀毛。墓生叶长椭圆形,长8—20厘米,宽4一7厘米,羽状浅裂或深裂,向基部渐狭成长或短叶柄,柄基扩大;侧裂片4—7对,半椭圆形、半长椭圆形、卵形、长卵形或卵状披针形,顶裂片卵形或披针形或长卵形,全部裂片边缘及顶端有浅褐色针刺,针刺长0.5—2毫米;下部茎叶与基生叶同形并等样分裂,向下渐狭成长或短翼柄;向上及接头状花序下部的叶渐小,椭圆形、长椭圆形、披针形至长三角形,渐不裂,无叶柄,边缘有斜三角形锯齿,齿顶有长0.5—1.5毫米的针刺或边缘有针刺。茎叶全部沿茎下延成茎翼;茎翼狭窄,宽1—2毫米,翼缘有稀疏针刺;全部叶质地薄,草纸,两面异色,上面绿色,无毛,下面灰白色,被密厚的绒毛。头状花序单生枝端,植株含少数或多数头状花序,但并不形成明显的伞房花序式排列,很少植侏含1个头状花序而单生茎端的。总苞大,钟状或半球形,稍见灰白色,被稀疏的蛛丝毛,直径5一7厘米。总苞片多层,多数,不等长,向内层渐长,外层与中层线状长三角形,最外层最短,长8毫米,宽1毫米,中层长达2.4厘米,宽达2毫米;内层与最内层与中外层同形,长3.5厘米,宽2毫米,外层被稠密的顺向贴伏的微糙毛。全部苞片质地坚硬,顶端针刺状长渐尖。小花紫色,花冠长3厘米,簷部长1.8厘米,均等5裂,裂片线形,长4毫米。瘦果楔状倒卵形,长6毫米,宽3—3.5毫米,顶端截形,果缘边缘浅波状,基底着生面稍见偏斜。冠毛多层,褐色,向内层渐长,长达2厘米,基部连合成环,整体脱落;冠毛刚毛糙毛状,向顶端渐细,易脆折。花果期7一10月。
产地分布:分布吉林、内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏、河北及山西。生于山谷、山坡、沙窝或河槽地,海拔850—2300米。蒙古也有分布。模式标本采自蒙古。
参考文献:Olgaea lomonosowii (Trautv.) Iljin in Not.Syst.Herb.Hort.Bot.Petrop·3: 144,1922 et in;Bull.Jard.Bot.Russe 23:148,1924;Kitag.In Journ.Jap.Bot.10: 82,1934;Ling in Contr.Inst.Bot.Nat.Ac.ad.Peip.6:97,1949;S.Y.Hu in Quart. Jonrn.Taiwan Mus.19(3——4):292,1967——Carduus lomonosowii Trautv.In Act.Hort. Petrop·1:183,1871——1872——Carduus sinensis S.Moore in Journ.Bot.Brit For.43: 143,1905,syn.Nov. Olgaea sinensis (S.Moore) I1jin in Bull.Jard.Bot.Russe 23: 149,1924,syn.Nov.;Hand.—Mazz. In Act. Hort.Gothob. 12:345,1938;S.Y.Hu in Quart.Journ. Taiwan Mus,20(3—4):293. 1967——Serratula diabolica Kitam.In Act.Phytotax.Et Geobot.1:151,1932——,Synurus diabolicus(Kitam.)Kitam.In Act. Phytotax.Et Geobot.2:47,1933——Takeikadzuchia lomonosowii(Trautv.)Kitag.Et Kitam.In Act. Phytotax. Et Geobot. 3: 103, 1934;Kitam. In Trans.Supporo Nat. Hist.Soc.16:73,1940;中国高等植物图鉴,4:605,1975——Garduus hsiaowutaishane- nsis Chen in Bull.Fan Mem.Inst.Bio1.Bot.5:91,1934——Olgaea hsiaowutaishanensis (Chen) Ling in Contr.Inst. Bot. Nat.Acad.Peip·3: 136,1935;S.Y。Hu in Quart。 Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(3-4):292,1967---O.Hsiaotvutaishanensis (Chen) Ling f. Humilis Ling in Contr。Inst.Bot,Nat.Acad.Peip.3:137,1935,syn.Nov.;S.Y.Hu in Quart.Journ.Taiwan Mus.20(3——4):292,1967.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Olgaea lomonossowii  (Trautvetter) Iljin Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 144. 1922.
蝟菊   wei ju
Carduus lomonossowii Trautvetter, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 183. 1872; C. hsiaowutaishanensis F. H. Chen; C. sinensis S. Moore; Olgaea hsiaowutaishanensis (F. H. Chen) Y. Ling; O. sinensis (S. Moore) Iljin; Serratula diabolica Kitamura; Synurus diabolicus (Kitamura) Kitamura; Takeikadzuchia lomonossowii (Trautvetter) Kitagawa & Kitamura.
Herbs 15-60 cm tall. Stem solitary, grayish white, erect, usually branched from near base, rarely unbranched, densely and thickly felted, eventually glabrescent, base covered with petiole remains; wings 1-2 mm wide, margin entire and spinulose. Leaves papery, strongly discolorous, abaxially grayish white and thickly felted, adaxially green and glabrous. Basal leaves with brown petiole; leaf blade elliptic, 8-20 × 4-7 cm, pinnately lobed or pinnatipartite; segments 4-7 pairs, elliptic, ± narrowly ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, margin and apex with 0.5-2 mm spines; terminal segment ± narrowly ovate or lanceolate. Lower cauline leaves similar but sessile; upper cauline leaves gradually smaller upward, ± narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or narrowly triangular, less divided to entire. Capitula (1 or) few to many. Involucre campanulate to hemispheric, 5-7 cm in diam., sparsely cobwebby. Phyllaries narrowed into long spines; outer and middle phyllaries linear-triangular, 8-24 × 1-2 mm; inner phyllaries similar but longer, ca. 3.5 × 0.2 cm. Corolla purple, ca. 3 cm, tube ca. 1.2 cm. Achene cuneate-obovoid, ca. 6 mm, with a repand apical rim. Pappus bristles brown, to 2 cm, slender. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.
Valleys, slopes, sandy areas, riverbeds; 800-2300 m. C Gansu, Hebei, N Jilin, Nei Mongol, N Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Mongolia].

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