栏目

珠峰火绒草Leontopodium himalayanum DC.

珠峰火绒草Leontopodium himalayanum DC.

别名:白特;长苞火绒草;

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:火绒草属 Leontopodium

《中国植物志》第75卷113页
  23. 珠峰火绒草 白特(云南丽江)图版18: 5
  Leontopodium himalayanum DC. , Prodr. 6: 276. 1837. p. p. ; Beauv. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Gen. ser. 2, 1: 373, 375, f, I: 1-4. 1909. (“hymal. ”) Hand. -Mazz. in Schrot. , Pflzleb. d. Alp. 2 Aufl. 574. 1924; Hand. -Mazz. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 44. 2: 88. 1928 et Symb. Sin. 7: 1099. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quark. Journ. Taiw. Mus. 20, 1-2: 43. 1967.——Gnaphalium pulchellum Wall. , Cat. n. 2945. 1829, p. p. nom. nud.——Gnaphatium leontopodium L. 418 f. alpina pygmaea Herd., in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 40: 297. 1867, p. p. nom. nud.——Gnaphalium leontopodium L. β. sibirica Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 39: 131. 1892, p. p.——Leontopodium alpinum auct. , non Cass.: C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 100. 1876.——Leontopodium calocephalum auct. , non Beauv. : Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 179. 1912.
形态特征:珠峰火绒草(原变种)var.Himalayanum多年生草本。根状茎分枝短或稍长,有枯萎的叶鞘和细根,有密集丛生的莲座状叶丛。茎直立,高5—25厘米,强壮,萆质,被灰白色茸毛或上部被白色密棉毛,节间短或长达2厘米。基部叶在花期枯萎宿存,与莲座状叶同形,较小,下部渐狭)茎部叶稍直立或卉展,线形或线状披针形,长1—4.5厘米,宽0.1—0.35厘米,顶端急尖,有厚尖头,基部稍抱茎,两面被同样的或上面被较少的银灰色茸毛;上部渐宽大,长3.5—4.5毫米,宽o.45毫米,渐转变为苞叶。苞叶由较宽的基部向顶端渐狭成披针状线形,上部稍扩大成舌形,尖或渐尖,被银白色(或干后黄色)长棉毛,较花序长2一4倍,开展成径约2—7厘米的单或复苞叶群。头状花序径约5—7毫米,3—10个密集。总苞,长4—5毫米,被疏棉毛;总苞片3—4层,顶端无毛,黑褐色,尖或钝,露出毛茸之上。小花异型,或头状花序在中央的雄性,在外围的雌性,稀在中央的雌性,在外围的雄性,或雌雄异株。花冠长3—3.5毫米,雄花花冠狭漏斗形,有卵圆形裂片,雌花花冠线状。冠毛白色,基部稍黄色,较花冠稍长,下部有细锯齿;雄花冠毛稍粗,上部近棒状而有钝锯齿。不育的子房无毛;瘦果常有乳头状突起或短粗毛。花期7-8月。
产地分布:产云南西北部(丽江、维西、中甸等)和西藏南部。生于高山石砾坡地、岩石缝隙或湿润草地。海拔3000-5000米旷锡金、尼泊尔、印度、缅甸的北部和克什米尔地区也有分布。
本种提示:此种由于苞叶的特殊形状,极易与他种区别。云南的植物茎高5厘米或达15厘米,与前人的记载相符合。
参考文献:Leontopodium himalayanum DC.,Prodr.6:276. 1837. P· p.: Beauv. In Bull.Soc.Bot.G6n.S6r.2,1;373,375,f.I:1——4.1909.(“hymal.”) Hand.·Mazz.In Schr6t·,Pflzleb。D.Alp·2 Aufl.574·1924;Hand.·Mazz. In Beih.Bot.Centralbl.44,2:88.1928;et·Symb.Sin.7:1099.1936;S. Y.Hu in Quart。Journ.Taiw.Mus.20,l——2:43.1967.——Gnaphalium pul· chellum Wall·,Cat.n.2945.1829,p·p·rlom.Nud~ Gnaphalium leon· topodium L.418 f.Alpina pygmaea。Herd·,in Bull.Soc.Nat. Mose. 40; 297。1867,p·p·nom.nud~ Gnaphalium,leo~topodium L.Β.Sibirica Fr· anch.In Bull.Soc.Bot.Fr.39:131.1892,p·p~ Leontopodium alpinum auct·,non Cass.:C.B,Clarke,Comp·—Ind.100.1876.——Leontopodium calocephalum auct·,non Beauv.: Diels in Not,Bot.Gard. Edinb.7;179. 1912.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Leontopodium himalayanum  Candolle Prodr. 6: 276. 1838.
珠峰火绒草   zhu feng huo rong cao
Leontopodium himalayanum var. pumilum Y. Ling.
Plant densely tufted, (3-)7-32 cm; offsets sheathed below by many old leaf bases, terminated by loose tuft of few leaves. Offset leaves linear-spatulate, sometimes brown apiculate; cauline leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 18-70 × 1-4 mm, grayish tomentose, apex acute or subobtuse, less often apiculate. Capitula crowded, (4-)7-12(-20), discoid or disciform; disciform capitula usually all similar, sometimes central one predominantly male and remainder predominantly or entirely female; bracteal leaves lingulate, usually dilated at or near base or sometimes linear-lanceolate, basal half at least of upper surface more densely white or yellowish gray tomentose than leaves or very rarely villous, apex acute to acuminate, outer ones 12-40 × 2-7.5 mm. Synflorescence 3-7 cm in diam. Involucre 5-7 mm in diam.; phyllaries oblong, 3.5-6 × 1-2.5 mm, with black-brown scarious margin. Corolla 3.3-4 mm. Achenes 1.5-2 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; male ovaries always glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 4 mm. Fl. Jul-Aug.
Alpine gravelly slopes, meadows; 3000-5100 m. Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].

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