栏目

戟叶火绒草Leontopodium dedekensii (Bur. et Franch.) Beauv.

戟叶火绒草Leontopodium dedekensii (Bur. et Franch.) Beauv.

别名:蛾药;白蒿;火把草;火草;分枝火绒草;火艾;扎哇;

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:火绒草属 Leontopodium

《中国植物志》第75卷100页
  15. 戟叶火绒草 火艾,火草(云南),白蒿(大理)图版17: 6-9
  Leontopodium dedekensii (Bur. et Franch.) Beauv. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Gen. ser. 2, 1: 193, 195, 374. 1909; Hand. -Mazz. in Verb. Zool. -Bot. Ges. Wien, 74: 28. 1924, in Act. Hort. Goth. 1: 122. 1924, in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 44, 2: 50. 1928 et Symb. Sin. 7: 1097. 1936; Mattf. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 15: 18. 1933; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Talw. Mus. 20, 1-2: 41. 1967; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 464. 图6342. 1975.——Gnaphalium dedekensii Bur. et Franch. in Journ. d. Bot. 5: 70. 1891. ——Gnaphalium leontopodium Scop. δ. foliosa Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 39: 132. 1892.----Gnaphalium futtereri Diels in Futterer, Durch Asien (Bot.) 22. 1904; Beauv., l. c. 196. 1909.——Leontopodium foliosum (Franch.) Beauv., l. c. 196. 1909.——Leontopodium hastatum Beauv., l. c. 4: 36, f. X, 1-9. 1912.
形态特征:戟叶火绒草(原变种)、var.Dedekensii多年生草本。根状茎分枝短缩,有数个至十余个簇生的花茎和少数与花茎同形的不育茎,无莲座状叶丛。茎直立或有膝曲的基部,高10一80厘米,稍细弱,常稍弯曲,草质。或有时下部木质且有分枝,全部被蛛丝状密毛或灰白色棉毛,下部有密集的、上部有疏散的叶,顶部有时无叶而节间长达18厘米;腋芽常在花后生长成叶密集的分枝。叶宽或狭线形,长10—40毫米或更长,宽1.3—6.5毫米,基部叶常较宽大,下部叶直立,上部叶多少开展或平展,基部较宽,心形或箭形,抱茎,边缘波状,平或反卷,顶端圆形或稍尖,有显明的尖头;上面被灰色棉状或绢状毛,下面被白色茸毛,小枝的叶较短,被密茸毛。苞叶多数,与茎上部叶多少等长,常较宽,较花序长2—4倍,披针形或线形,顶端圆或稍尖,基部渐狭,两面被白色或灰白色密茸毛,开展成密集的或稍疏散的、径约2—7厘米的星状苞叶群,或有长花序梗而成数个分苞叶群。头状花序径约4—5毫米,5—30个密集,少有单生。总苞长3—4毫米,被白色长柔毛状密茸毛;总苞片约3层,顶端无毛,干膜质,渐尖或近圆形,远超出毛茸之上。小花异形,有少数雌花,或雌雄异株。花冠长约3毫米,雄花花冠漏斗状;雌花花冠丝状。冠毛白色,基部稍黄色;雄花冠毛上部多少粗厚,有短毛状密齿或细锯齿;雌花冠毛丝状,有细齿或密锯齿。不育的子房和瘦果有乳头状突起或短粗毛。花期6—7月。
产地分布:广泛产于陕西南部、甘肃(南部、西部)、四川(北部、西部及西南部)、西藏东部、云南(北部、西北部、西部和南部)、贵州、湖南西部。生于高山和亚高山的针叶林、干燥灌丛、干燥草地和草地,常大片生长。海拔1400—3500米。分布于缅甸北部。
本种提示:戟叶火绒草的茎高、叶的大小和基部形状、苞叶长短和形状有一系列的变异。这些变异曾经前人视为不同的种。如L.Foliosum(Franch.)Beauv.是一个幼小而未完全发育的植株,L.HastatumBeauv.有细直而全部具叶的茎和戟形耳状的叶基,L.futtereriDiels是一个强壮具叶枝的植株,都以并入本种为适宜。此种在湖南还是首次发现,除叶和苞叶较长外,无其它区别。戟叶火绒草与坚杆火绒草L.FranchetiiBeauv·、匍枝火绒草L.StoloniferumHand.·Mazz·、木茎火绒草L.StoechasHand.-Mazz.和华火绒草L.SinenseHemsl.之间都有天然杂种存在。
参考文献:Leontopodium dedekensii(Bur.Et Franch:)Beauv.In Bull.Soc· Bot.G6n.S6r.2,1:·193,195,374.19091 Hand.·Mazz.In Verh;Z001.·Bot, Ges.Wien,74:28.1924;in Act:Hort:Goth,1:122h 1924,:in Beih.Bot.Centralbl.44,2:50.1928 et Symb;Sin. 7:1097.1936;Mattf.In Journ. Arn.Arb.15:18.1933;S.Y.Hu in Quart.Journ. Taiw. Mus. 20, 1—2: 41.1967;中国高等植物图鉴4:464.图6342.1975.--Gnaphalium dedekensii Bur.Et Franch.In Journ.D.Bot.5;70.1891.——,Gnaphalium leontopodi. 24m Scop·&.Foliosa Franch,in Bull.Soc.Bot.Fr.39:132. 1892~ Gna· phalium futtereri Diels in Futterer,Durch Asien(Bot.)22.1904;Beauv·, 1.C.196. 1909~ Leontopodium foliosum (Franch.)Beauv·,1.C.196. 1909.Leontopodium hastatum Beauv·,1.C.4:36,f.X,1—9.1912.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Leontopodium dedekensii  (Bureau & Franchet) Beauverd Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève. 1: 193. 1909.
戟叶火绒草   ji ye huo rong cao
Gnaphalium dedekensii Bureau & Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 70. 1891; G. leontopodium Linnaeus var. foliosa Franchet; Leontopodium dedekensii var. microcalathinum Y. Ling; L. foliosum Beauverd; L. futtereri Diels; L. hastatum Beauverd; L. micranthum Y. Ling.
Herbs, perennial. Rhizome short and stout, with several to numerous stems. Stems 10-45 cm tall, not branched or rarely slightly branched, entire plant densely grayish arachnoid pubescent, equally and densely leafy. Leaves: lower ones usually larger than upper ones; blade linear-lanceolate, 10-40 × 1.3-6.5 mm, both surfaces densely grayish arachnoid pubescent, base cordate, sagittate, or truncate, apex obtuse. Capitula 5-30, heterogamous or dioecious, closely aggregated, 4-5 mm in diam.; bracteal leaves 14-20, 5-30 × 2-4 mm, forming a star of 2-5 cm in diam., densely whitish to yellowish arachnoid pubescent. Involucre 3-4 mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, spatulate-oblong, 3-4 mm, apex acute or rounded, glabrous, dry membranous. Corolla ca. 3 mm. Achenes papillose. Pappus white, 3-4 mm, serrulate. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Grasslands, thickets, conifer forests; 1400-4100 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Myanmar].

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