光茎栓果菊Launaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babcock ex Kerr.
光茎栓果菊Launaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babcock ex Kerr.
1.光茎栓果菊 图版38: 3-4
Launaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babcock ex Kerr. in Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2: 299. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22 (1-2): 34. 1967; Kitam. in J. Coll. Art. Sci. Chiba Univ. 5: 86. 1967, in Acta Phytotx. et Geobot. 23: 143. 1969 et Fl. E. Him. 2: 138. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 685.图6783. 1975; Kitam. et Gould in Hara et al., Enum. Flowering Plant Nepal 3: 32. 1982; 贵州植物志9: 357. 1989.——Prenanthes acaulis Roxb., Hort. Beng. 60. 1814. nom. nud. et Fl. Ind. ed. 2. 3: 403. 1832.——Youngia acaulis (Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 7: 193. 1838.——Lactuca glabra DC. in Wight, Contrib. 26. 1834 et Prodr. 7: 135. 1838; C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 272, 1876. ——Microrhynchus glaber Wight, Icon. t. 1145. 1846.——Crepis acaulis (Roxb.) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 396. 1882. ——Launaea glabra (Wight) Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10: 42. (Pl. David. 2: 80. 1888) 1887; Chang in Sunyatsenia 3: 302. 1937; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20 (1-2): 34. 1967: 海南植物志, 3: 429. 1974.
多年生草本，低矮，高25-35厘米。根粗，垂直直伸，圆柱状，木质。无茎或几无茎，自根颈或茎基发出少数花葶，花葶自中部以下或上部伞房花序状少分枝，分枝纤细，全部葶枝光滑无毛。基生叶多数，莲座状，匙形，长卵形、匙状倒长卵形、线形或线状倒披针形，长5-14厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，稍厚，顶端急尖、钝或圆形，边缘有细尖齿或浅波状细齿或近全缘，向基部渐狭成短柄或无柄；花序分枝枝叉上的叶极小，极退化，苞片状；全部叶两面无毛。头状花序多数或少数在葶枝顶端排成伞房状或不规则伞房状花序。总苞圆柱状，长13-15毫米；总苞片3-4层，外层及最外层极小，卵形、三角形或披针形，长2-4毫米，宽0.6-0.8毫米，顶端急尖，内层及最内层披针形，长13-15毫米，宽约2毫米，顶端急尖；全部总苞片外面无毛。舌状小花黄色，约14枚。瘦果披针形或椭圆无喙。冠毛纤细，白色，单毛状，长8毫米。花果期4-5月。
分布广西（百色、隆林）、海南（定安、琼中、乐东、保亭、崖县、陵水）、贵州（安龙、望谟、罗甸）、四川（普格）、云南（中甸、屏边、蒙自、勐海）。生于山坡旱田、山坡路旁、荒地、稀树草原，海拔500-3 600米。印度、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、不丹、缅甸、泰国有分布。
A. Franchet在Launaea glabra (Wight) Franch.种名之下, 发表了一个新变种, 即var. rufescens Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10: 42 (Pl. David. 2: 80. 1888）1887.冠毛红色。产于四川，我们没见到标本。
形态特征：多年生草本，低矮，高25—35厘米。根粗，垂直直伸，圆柱状，木质。无茎或几无茎，自根颈或茎基发出少数花葶，花葶自中部以下或上部伞房花序状少分枝，分枝纤细，全部葶枝光滑无毛。基生叶多数，莲座状，匙形，长卵形、匙状倒长卵形、线形或线状倒披针形，长5—14厘米，宽o．5—1厘米，稍厚，顶端急尖、钝或圆形，边缘有细尖齿或浅波状细齿或近全缘，向基部渐狭成短柄或无柄；花序分枝枝叉上的叶极小，极退化，苞片状；全部叶两面无毛。头状花序多数或少数在葶枝顶端排成伞房状或不规则伞房状花序。总苞圆柱状，长13—15毫米；总苞片3—4层，外层及最外层极小，卵形、三角形或披针形，长2—4毫米，宽0．6—0．8毫米，顶端急尖，内层及最内层披针形，长13—15毫米，宽约2毫米，顶端急尖；全部总苞片外面无毛。舌状小花黄色，约14枚。瘦果披针形或椭圆状披针形，压扁，长4．8毫米，向两端收窄，有6条高起的细纵肋，肋间有细脉纹，顶端无喙。冠毛纤细，白色，单毛状，长8毫米。花果期4—5月。
产地分布：分布广西(百色、隆林)、海南(定安、琼中、乐东、保亭、崖县、陵水)、贵州(安龙、望谟、罗甸)、四川(普格)、云南(中甸、屏边、蒙自、勐海)。生于山坡旱田、山坡路旁、荒地、稀树草原，海拔500—3600米。印度、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、不丹、缅甸、泰国有分布。
参考文献：Launaea acaulis(Roxb．)Babcock ex Kerr．In Craib，F1．Siam．Enum．2：299． 1936；S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．22(1—2)：34．1967；Kitam．In J． Coil．Art．Sci．Chiba Univ．5：86．1967，in Acta Phytotx．Et Geobot．23：143．1969 etFl．E. Him．2：138．1971；中国高等植物图鉴4：685． 图6783．1975；Kitam．Et Gould in Hara et a1．，Enum．Flowering Plant Nepal 3：32．1982；贵州植物志9：357． 1989．——Prenanthes acaulis Roxb．，Hort．Beng．60．1814．Nom．nud．Et F1．Ind． Ed．2．3：403．1832．——Youngia acaulis(Roxb．)DC．，Prodr．?：193．1838．—— Lactuca glabra DC．in Wight，Contrib．26．1834 et Prodr．7：135．1838；C．B．Clarke， Comp．Ind．272．1876．——Microrhynchus glaber Wight，Icon．T．1145．1846．—— Crepis acaulis(Roxb．)Hook．F．F1．Brit．Ind．3：396．1882．——Launaea glabra (Wight)Franch．In Nouv．Arch．Mus．Hist．Nat．Paris 10：42．(P1．David。2：80． 1888)1887；Chang in Sunyatsenia 3：302．1937；S．Y．Hu inQuart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．20(1—2)：34．1967；海南植物志，3：429．1974．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Launaea acaulis (Roxburgh) Babcock ex Kerr in Craib Fl. Siam. 2: 299. 1936.
光茎栓果菊 guang jing shuan guo ju
Prenanthes acaulis Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 403. 1832; Crepis acaulis (Roxburgh) J. D. Hooker; Lactuca glabra Candolle; Launaea glabra (Candolle) Franchet; Microrhynchus glaber Wight; Youngia acaulis (Roxburgh) Candolle.
Herbs 10-35 cm tall, perennial, subacaulescent or caulescent, rosulate, glabrous. Rootstock thick, woody, with shoot-bearing roots. Stems few to some, slender, ascending-erect, sparsely branched or simple, leafless or rarely with a few leaves near base. Rosette leaves (sometimes a few extended to basal portion of flowering shoot) spatulate to lanceolate, 5-14 × 0.5-1 cm, base cuneate, margin denticulate and subentire to shallowly sinuate-dentate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded. Synflorescence sparsely corymbiform, with 1 to a few capitula. Capitula with usually 10-14 florets. Involucre cylindric, 1.2-1.5 cm at anthesis, to 1.7 cm in fruit. Phyllaries with narrow or indistinct scarious margin; outer phyllaries triangular-ovate to lanceolate, longest ca. 1/2 as long as inner phyllaries; inner phyllaries 5-9. Achene whitish, homomorphic, columnar, cylindric, or subfusiform, 4-7 mm, with 5 main ribs, apex truncate. Pappus 6-8 mm, persistent. Fl. and fr. Apr-May. 2n = 18.
Roadsides on mountain slopes, wastelands, sparsely forested steppes; 300-3600 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, N Thailand, N Vietnam].
别名：土蒲公英;无茎栓果菊;光茎果菊;蒲公英;光栓果菊;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：栓果菊属 Launaea
1.光茎栓果菊 图版38: 3-4
Launaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babcock ex Kerr. in Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2: 299. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22 (1-2): 34. 1967; Kitam. in J. Coll. Art. Sci. Chiba Univ. 5: 86. 1967, in Acta Phytotx. et Geobot. 23: 143. 1969 et Fl. E. Him. 2: 138. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 685.图6783. 1975; Kitam. et Gould in Hara et al., Enum. Flowering Plant Nepal 3: 32. 1982; 贵州植物志9: 357. 1989.——Prenanthes acaulis Roxb., Hort. Beng. 60. 1814. nom. nud. et Fl. Ind. ed. 2. 3: 403. 1832.——Youngia acaulis (Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 7: 193. 1838.——Lactuca glabra DC. in Wight, Contrib. 26. 1834 et Prodr. 7: 135. 1838; C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 272, 1876. ——Microrhynchus glaber Wight, Icon. t. 1145. 1846.——Crepis acaulis (Roxb.) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 396. 1882. ——Launaea glabra (Wight) Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10: 42. (Pl. David. 2: 80. 1888) 1887; Chang in Sunyatsenia 3: 302. 1937; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20 (1-2): 34. 1967: 海南植物志, 3: 429. 1974.
多年生草本，低矮，高25-35厘米。根粗，垂直直伸，圆柱状，木质。无茎或几无茎，自根颈或茎基发出少数花葶，花葶自中部以下或上部伞房花序状少分枝，分枝纤细，全部葶枝光滑无毛。基生叶多数，莲座状，匙形，长卵形、匙状倒长卵形、线形或线状倒披针形，长5-14厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，稍厚，顶端急尖、钝或圆形，边缘有细尖齿或浅波状细齿或近全缘，向基部渐狭成短柄或无柄；花序分枝枝叉上的叶极小，极退化，苞片状；全部叶两面无毛。头状花序多数或少数在葶枝顶端排成伞房状或不规则伞房状花序。总苞圆柱状，长13-15毫米；总苞片3-4层，外层及最外层极小，卵形、三角形或披针形，长2-4毫米，宽0.6-0.8毫米，顶端急尖，内层及最内层披针形，长13-15毫米，宽约2毫米，顶端急尖；全部总苞片外面无毛。舌状小花黄色，约14枚。瘦果披针形或椭圆无喙。冠毛纤细，白色，单毛状，长8毫米。花果期4-5月。
分布广西（百色、隆林）、海南（定安、琼中、乐东、保亭、崖县、陵水）、贵州（安龙、望谟、罗甸）、四川（普格）、云南（中甸、屏边、蒙自、勐海）。生于山坡旱田、山坡路旁、荒地、稀树草原，海拔500-3 600米。印度、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、不丹、缅甸、泰国有分布。
A. Franchet在Launaea glabra (Wight) Franch.种名之下, 发表了一个新变种, 即var. rufescens Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10: 42 (Pl. David. 2: 80. 1888）1887.冠毛红色。产于四川，我们没见到标本。
形态特征：多年生草本，低矮，高25—35厘米。根粗，垂直直伸，圆柱状，木质。无茎或几无茎，自根颈或茎基发出少数花葶，花葶自中部以下或上部伞房花序状少分枝，分枝纤细，全部葶枝光滑无毛。基生叶多数，莲座状，匙形，长卵形、匙状倒长卵形、线形或线状倒披针形，长5—14厘米，宽o．5—1厘米，稍厚，顶端急尖、钝或圆形，边缘有细尖齿或浅波状细齿或近全缘，向基部渐狭成短柄或无柄；花序分枝枝叉上的叶极小，极退化，苞片状；全部叶两面无毛。头状花序多数或少数在葶枝顶端排成伞房状或不规则伞房状花序。总苞圆柱状，长13—15毫米；总苞片3—4层，外层及最外层极小，卵形、三角形或披针形，长2—4毫米，宽0．6—0．8毫米，顶端急尖，内层及最内层披针形，长13—15毫米，宽约2毫米，顶端急尖；全部总苞片外面无毛。舌状小花黄色，约14枚。瘦果披针形或椭圆状披针形，压扁，长4．8毫米，向两端收窄，有6条高起的细纵肋，肋间有细脉纹，顶端无喙。冠毛纤细，白色，单毛状，长8毫米。花果期4—5月。
产地分布：分布广西(百色、隆林)、海南(定安、琼中、乐东、保亭、崖县、陵水)、贵州(安龙、望谟、罗甸)、四川(普格)、云南(中甸、屏边、蒙自、勐海)。生于山坡旱田、山坡路旁、荒地、稀树草原，海拔500—3600米。印度、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、不丹、缅甸、泰国有分布。
参考文献：Launaea acaulis(Roxb．)Babcock ex Kerr．In Craib，F1．Siam．Enum．2：299． 1936；S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．22(1—2)：34．1967；Kitam．In J． Coil．Art．Sci．Chiba Univ．5：86．1967，in Acta Phytotx．Et Geobot．23：143．1969 etFl．E. Him．2：138．1971；中国高等植物图鉴4：685． 图6783．1975；Kitam．Et Gould in Hara et a1．，Enum．Flowering Plant Nepal 3：32．1982；贵州植物志9：357． 1989．——Prenanthes acaulis Roxb．，Hort．Beng．60．1814．Nom．nud．Et F1．Ind． Ed．2．3：403．1832．——Youngia acaulis(Roxb．)DC．，Prodr．?：193．1838．—— Lactuca glabra DC．in Wight，Contrib．26．1834 et Prodr．7：135．1838；C．B．Clarke， Comp．Ind．272．1876．——Microrhynchus glaber Wight，Icon．T．1145．1846．—— Crepis acaulis(Roxb．)Hook．F．F1．Brit．Ind．3：396．1882．——Launaea glabra (Wight)Franch．In Nouv．Arch．Mus．Hist．Nat．Paris 10：42．(P1．David。2：80． 1888)1887；Chang in Sunyatsenia 3：302．1937；S．Y．Hu inQuart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．20(1—2)：34．1967；海南植物志，3：429．1974．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Launaea acaulis (Roxburgh) Babcock ex Kerr in Craib Fl. Siam. 2: 299. 1936.
光茎栓果菊 guang jing shuan guo ju
Prenanthes acaulis Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 403. 1832; Crepis acaulis (Roxburgh) J. D. Hooker; Lactuca glabra Candolle; Launaea glabra (Candolle) Franchet; Microrhynchus glaber Wight; Youngia acaulis (Roxburgh) Candolle.
Herbs 10-35 cm tall, perennial, subacaulescent or caulescent, rosulate, glabrous. Rootstock thick, woody, with shoot-bearing roots. Stems few to some, slender, ascending-erect, sparsely branched or simple, leafless or rarely with a few leaves near base. Rosette leaves (sometimes a few extended to basal portion of flowering shoot) spatulate to lanceolate, 5-14 × 0.5-1 cm, base cuneate, margin denticulate and subentire to shallowly sinuate-dentate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded. Synflorescence sparsely corymbiform, with 1 to a few capitula. Capitula with usually 10-14 florets. Involucre cylindric, 1.2-1.5 cm at anthesis, to 1.7 cm in fruit. Phyllaries with narrow or indistinct scarious margin; outer phyllaries triangular-ovate to lanceolate, longest ca. 1/2 as long as inner phyllaries; inner phyllaries 5-9. Achene whitish, homomorphic, columnar, cylindric, or subfusiform, 4-7 mm, with 5 main ribs, apex truncate. Pappus 6-8 mm, persistent. Fl. and fr. Apr-May. 2n = 18.
Roadsides on mountain slopes, wastelands, sparsely forested steppes; 300-3600 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, N Thailand, N Vietnam].