山莴苣Lagedium sibiricum (Linn.) Sojak

别名：西伯日－伊达日阿;北山莴苣;北山窝苣;北山蒿苣;西伯利亚山莴苣;西伯利亚莴苣;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：山莴苣属 Lagedium

《中国植物志》第80(1)卷070页
  1.山莴苣 北山莴苣（东北植物检索表），山苦菜（内蒙古）图版1：14
  Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak in Novit. Bot. Hort. Bot. Univ. Car. Prag. 34. 1961. ——Sonchus sibiricus L., Sp. Pl. 795, 1753; Ledeb., Fl. Alt. 4: 140. 1833. ——Mulgedium runcinatum Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 33: 296. 1824. p. p. ——M. sibiricum Cass. ex Less., Synops. Compos. 142. 1832; DC., Prodr. 7: 249. 1838; Ledeb., Fl, Ross. 2: 844. 1845——1846; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. Sav. Etrag. 9: 182. 1859. ——M. kamtschaticum Ledeb. in Denkschr. Konigl. ——Bayer. Bot. Gesellsch. Regensb. 3: 65. 1841 et Fl. Ross. 2: 845. 1845——1846. ——Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 19: 528, 1874; Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 5: 149. 1941; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表436.1959; Kirp. in Fl. URSS 29: 280. 1964; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20: 27. 1967;中国高等植物图鉴4: 688.图6790, 1975; 内蒙古植物志6: 302-1982.
  多年生草本，高50-130厘米。根垂直直伸。茎直立，通常单生，常淡红紫色，上部伞房状或伞房圆锥状花序分枝，全部茎枝光滑无毛。中下部茎叶披针形、长披针形或长椭圆状披针形，长10-26厘米，宽2-3厘米，顶端渐尖、长渐尖或急尖，基部收窄，无柄，心形、心状耳形或箭头状半抱茎，边缘全缘、几全缘、小尖头状微锯齿或小尖头，极少边缘缺刻状或羽状浅裂，向上的叶渐小，与中下部茎叶同形。全部叶两面光滑无毛。头状花序含舌状小花约20枚，多数在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序或伞房圆锥花序，果期长1.1厘米，不为卵形；总苞片3-4层，不成明显的覆瓦状排列，通常淡紫红色，中外层三角形、三角状卵形，长1-4毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖，内层长披针形，长1.1厘米，宽1.5-2毫米，顶端长渐尖，全部苞片外面无毛。舌状小花蓝色或蓝紫色。瘦果长椭圆形或椭圆形，褐色或橄榄色，压扁，长约4毫米，宽约1毫米，中部有4-7条线形或线状椭圆形的不等粗的小肋，顶端短收窄，果颈长约1毫米，边缘加宽加厚成厚翅。冠毛白色，2层，冠毛刚毛纤细，锯齿状，不脱落。花果期7-9月。
  分布黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古（呼伦贝尔盟、哲里木盟、昭乌达盟、锡林郭勒盟、大青山）、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、新疆。生于林缘、林下、草甸、河岸、湖地水湿地，海拔380米一？。欧洲、俄罗斯（欧洲部分、西伯利亚、远东地区）及日本、蒙古也有分布。模式标本采自俄罗斯西伯利亚。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Lactuca sibirica  (Linnaeus) Bentham ex Maximowicz Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 19: 528. 1874.
山莴苣   shan wo ju
Sonchus sibiricus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 795. 1753; Lagedium sibiricum (Linnaeus) Soják; Mulgedium kamtschaticum Ledebour; M. sibiricum (Linnaeus) Lessing.
Herbs 50-100 cm tall, perennial, with a taproot. Stem usually pale purplish red, erect, branched apically, glabrous, regularly leafy. Leaves thin, glabrous, abaxially glaucous green, adaxially green. Lower and middle stem leaves sessile, lanceolate, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 10-26 × 2-3 cm, undivided or more rarely sinuate-dentate to pinnately lobed, base attenuate, auriculately or sagittately clasping, margin entire to faintly denticulate, apex acute to acuminate. Upper stem leaves similar to middle stem leaves but smaller. Synflorescence corymbiform to corymbosely paniculiform, with many capitula. Capitula with ca. 20 florets. Involucre cylindric, 0.9-1.3 cm. Phyllaries often purplish tinged or mottled; outer phyllaries triangular-ovate to lanceolate, apex acute; inner phyllaries ca. 8, apex subobtuse. Florets blue, rarely white. Achene brown to olive green, narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 4 mm, subcompressed, either marginal rib almost as thick as ca. 1/3 of achene diam., middle third with 4 or 5 narrow ribs on either side, apically attenuate or with a ca. 1 mm beak. Pappus 5-7 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 18*.
Forests, forest margins, meadows, riverbanks, moist places, by lakes; 300-2100 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; N and NE Europe].

《全国中草药汇编》:山莴苣

【拼音名】 Shān Wō Jù
【别名】 苦菜、苦马地丁、鸭子食
【来源】 菊科莴苣属植物山莴苣Lactuca indica L.，以全草或根入药。夏秋开花时采全草，秋后至春夏开花前挖根，除杂质，晒干。
【性味】 苦，寒。
【功能主治】 清热解毒，活血祛瘀。用于阑尾炎，扁桃体炎，子宫颈炎，产后瘀血作痛，崩漏，痔疮下血；外用治疮疖肿毒。
【用法用量】 3～5钱；外用适量，鲜品捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》