圆叶苦荬菜Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray
圆叶苦荬菜Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray
1. 圆叶苦荬菜 图版55: 1
Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. s. 4: 396. 1859; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. -Bat. 2: 191. 1866; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 34: 158. 1920; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B. 23: 123. 1956; Lauener in Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 392, 1976. ——Lactuca stolonifera(A. Gray) Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 526. 1873; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 19: 533. 1874 et in Mel. Biol. 9: 364. 1874; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 484. 1888; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 150. 1912; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1-2): 29. 1967. ——L. nummularifolia Levl. et Vaniot in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 421. 1910.
多年生草本，根垂直直伸，生多数须根，有长匍匐茎，匍匐茎纤细，常有分枝，无毛。节上常生不定根。基生叶花期生存，与茎生叶全部都有长柄，叶柄长1-4厘米，叶片圆形或椭圆形，长1-3厘米，宽0.8-1.5厘米，边缘全缘或下部仅一侧有1个尖齿裂，基部圆形或平截，顶端钝或圆形，有微凹。头状花序少数，枝生或茎生2-3枚头状花序，成伞房状排列。总苞钟状，长8毫米。总苞片2-3层，外层极短，披针形，长近2毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖，内层长，长椭圆状线形，长8毫米，宽1毫米，顶端急尖或钝，边缘白色膜质。舌状小花黄色，15-26枚。瘦果褐色，长椭圆形，长2.5毫米，宽0.8毫米，无毛，有10条高起的尖翅肋，顶端急尖成细喙，喙长1.5毫米，细丝状。冠毛刚毛不等长，白色，微糙，长4毫米。花期10月。
分布江西（庐山）。日本、朝鲜有分布。模式标本采自日本。
形态特征：多年生草本，根垂直直伸，生多数须根，有长匍匐茎，匍匐茎纤细，常有分枝，无毛。节上常生不定根。基生叶花期生存，与茎生叶全部都有长柄，叶柄长l一4厘米，叶片圆形或椭圆形，长1—3厘米，宽o．8—1．5厘米，边缘全缘或下部仅一侧有1个尖齿裂，基部圆形或平截，顶端钝或圆形，有微凹。头状花序少数，枝生或茎生2—3枚头状花序，成伞房状排列。总苞钟状，长8毫米。总苞片2—3层，外层极短，披针形，长近2毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖，内层长，长椭圆状线形，长8毫米，宽1毫米，顶端急尖或钝，边缘白色膜质。舌状小花黄色，15—26枚。瘦果褐色，长椭圆形，长2．5毫米，宽o．8毫米，无毛，有10条高起的尖翅肋，顶端急尖成细喙，喙长1．5毫米，细丝状。冠毛刚毛不等长，白色，微糙，长4毫米。花期10月。
产地分布：分布江西(庐山)。日本、朝鲜有分布。模式标本采自日本。
参考文献：Ixeris stolonifera A．Gray in Mem．Am．Acad．N．S．4：396． 1859；Miq．in Ann． Mus．Lugd．—Bat．2：191．1866；Nakai in Bot．Mag．Tokyo 34：158．1920；Kitam． In Mem．Coll．Sci．Univ．Kyoto Ser．B．23：123．1956；Lauener in Notes Royal Bot． Gard．Edinb．34：392，1976．——Lactuca stolonifera (A．Gray)Benth．etHook．F．， Gen．P1．2：526． 1873；Maxim．In Bull．Acad．Sci．St．P6tersb． 19：533． 1874 et in M61．Bi01．9：364． 1874；Forbes et Hemsl．In Journ．Linn．Soc．Bot．23：484． 1888；Dunn et Tutch．In Kew Bull．Add．Ser． 10：150． 1912；S．Y．Hu inQuart． Journ．Taiwan Mus．20(1——2)：29．1967．——L．Nummularifolia L6v1．Et Vaniot in Fedde，Rep．Sp．Nov．8：421．1910．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. n.s., 6: 396. 1858.
圆叶苦荬菜 yuan ye ku mai cai
Ixeris capillaris Nakai; I. stolonifera subsp. capillaris (Nakai) Kitamura; I. stolonifera var. sinuata (Makino) Takeda; Lactuca nummulariifolia H. Léveillé & Vaniot; L. stolonifera (A. Gray) Bentham ex Maximowicz; L. stolonifera var. sinuata Makino.
Herbs 10-15 cm tall, perennial, rosulate, glabrous. Taproot with lateral shoot-bearing roots, producing secondary leaf rosettes. Stems several, flagelliform, long creeping above ground; nodes 1-7 cm apart, most with adventitious roots and a single leaf. Flowering stems from rosettes and leaf axils of creeping stems, erect, to 15 cm, leafless. Leaves present at anthesis; petiole 1-4 cm; leaf blade orbicular, broadly elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 1-3 × 0.8-1.5 cm, undivided or weakly pinnatifid, base rounded, cuneate, or truncate, margin entire, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate and often mucronulate; lateral lobes (if present) 1(or 2) pair(s), on basal half of leaf blade, triangular, small. Synflorescence laxly and weakly corymbiform, with 1-6 capitula. Capitula with 15-25 florets; peduncle capillaceous, to 10 cm. Involucre narrowly cylindric, 7-8 × 3-4 mm at anthesis, to 10 mm in fruit. Phyllaries abaxially glabrous; outer phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, longest to 2(-3) mm, apex acute; inner phyllaries 8, apex acute to obtuse. Florets yellow. Anther tube and style greenish to blackish upon drying. Achene brown, fusiform, 4-6 mm, apex attenuate into a filiform 1.5-3 mm beak. Pappus 4-5 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Oct. 2n = 16*.
Moist areas on gravelly mountain slopes; 1500-2000 m. ?Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea; introduced to E North America].
别名：creeping lettuce;小剪刀股;蔓苦荬;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：苦荬菜属 Ixeris
1. 圆叶苦荬菜 图版55: 1
Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. s. 4: 396. 1859; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. -Bat. 2: 191. 1866; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 34: 158. 1920; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B. 23: 123. 1956; Lauener in Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 392, 1976. ——Lactuca stolonifera(A. Gray) Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 526. 1873; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 19: 533. 1874 et in Mel. Biol. 9: 364. 1874; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 484. 1888; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 150. 1912; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1-2): 29. 1967. ——L. nummularifolia Levl. et Vaniot in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 421. 1910.
多年生草本，根垂直直伸，生多数须根，有长匍匐茎，匍匐茎纤细，常有分枝，无毛。节上常生不定根。基生叶花期生存，与茎生叶全部都有长柄，叶柄长1-4厘米，叶片圆形或椭圆形，长1-3厘米，宽0.8-1.5厘米，边缘全缘或下部仅一侧有1个尖齿裂，基部圆形或平截，顶端钝或圆形，有微凹。头状花序少数，枝生或茎生2-3枚头状花序，成伞房状排列。总苞钟状，长8毫米。总苞片2-3层，外层极短，披针形，长近2毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖，内层长，长椭圆状线形，长8毫米，宽1毫米，顶端急尖或钝，边缘白色膜质。舌状小花黄色，15-26枚。瘦果褐色，长椭圆形，长2.5毫米，宽0.8毫米，无毛，有10条高起的尖翅肋，顶端急尖成细喙，喙长1.5毫米，细丝状。冠毛刚毛不等长，白色，微糙，长4毫米。花期10月。
分布江西（庐山）。日本、朝鲜有分布。模式标本采自日本。
形态特征：多年生草本，根垂直直伸，生多数须根，有长匍匐茎，匍匐茎纤细，常有分枝，无毛。节上常生不定根。基生叶花期生存，与茎生叶全部都有长柄，叶柄长l一4厘米，叶片圆形或椭圆形，长1—3厘米，宽o．8—1．5厘米，边缘全缘或下部仅一侧有1个尖齿裂，基部圆形或平截，顶端钝或圆形，有微凹。头状花序少数，枝生或茎生2—3枚头状花序，成伞房状排列。总苞钟状，长8毫米。总苞片2—3层，外层极短，披针形，长近2毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端急尖，内层长，长椭圆状线形，长8毫米，宽1毫米，顶端急尖或钝，边缘白色膜质。舌状小花黄色，15—26枚。瘦果褐色，长椭圆形，长2．5毫米，宽o．8毫米，无毛，有10条高起的尖翅肋，顶端急尖成细喙，喙长1．5毫米，细丝状。冠毛刚毛不等长，白色，微糙，长4毫米。花期10月。
产地分布：分布江西(庐山)。日本、朝鲜有分布。模式标本采自日本。
参考文献：Ixeris stolonifera A．Gray in Mem．Am．Acad．N．S．4：396． 1859；Miq．in Ann． Mus．Lugd．—Bat．2：191．1866；Nakai in Bot．Mag．Tokyo 34：158．1920；Kitam． In Mem．Coll．Sci．Univ．Kyoto Ser．B．23：123．1956；Lauener in Notes Royal Bot． Gard．Edinb．34：392，1976．——Lactuca stolonifera (A．Gray)Benth．etHook．F．， Gen．P1．2：526． 1873；Maxim．In Bull．Acad．Sci．St．P6tersb． 19：533． 1874 et in M61．Bi01．9：364． 1874；Forbes et Hemsl．In Journ．Linn．Soc．Bot．23：484． 1888；Dunn et Tutch．In Kew Bull．Add．Ser． 10：150． 1912；S．Y．Hu inQuart． Journ．Taiwan Mus．20(1——2)：29．1967．——L．Nummularifolia L6v1．Et Vaniot in Fedde，Rep．Sp．Nov．8：421．1910．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. n.s., 6: 396. 1858.
圆叶苦荬菜 yuan ye ku mai cai
Ixeris capillaris Nakai; I. stolonifera subsp. capillaris (Nakai) Kitamura; I. stolonifera var. sinuata (Makino) Takeda; Lactuca nummulariifolia H. Léveillé & Vaniot; L. stolonifera (A. Gray) Bentham ex Maximowicz; L. stolonifera var. sinuata Makino.
Herbs 10-15 cm tall, perennial, rosulate, glabrous. Taproot with lateral shoot-bearing roots, producing secondary leaf rosettes. Stems several, flagelliform, long creeping above ground; nodes 1-7 cm apart, most with adventitious roots and a single leaf. Flowering stems from rosettes and leaf axils of creeping stems, erect, to 15 cm, leafless. Leaves present at anthesis; petiole 1-4 cm; leaf blade orbicular, broadly elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 1-3 × 0.8-1.5 cm, undivided or weakly pinnatifid, base rounded, cuneate, or truncate, margin entire, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate and often mucronulate; lateral lobes (if present) 1(or 2) pair(s), on basal half of leaf blade, triangular, small. Synflorescence laxly and weakly corymbiform, with 1-6 capitula. Capitula with 15-25 florets; peduncle capillaceous, to 10 cm. Involucre narrowly cylindric, 7-8 × 3-4 mm at anthesis, to 10 mm in fruit. Phyllaries abaxially glabrous; outer phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, longest to 2(-3) mm, apex acute; inner phyllaries 8, apex acute to obtuse. Florets yellow. Anther tube and style greenish to blackish upon drying. Achene brown, fusiform, 4-6 mm, apex attenuate into a filiform 1.5-3 mm beak. Pappus 4-5 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Oct. 2n = 16*.
Moist areas on gravelly mountain slopes; 1500-2000 m. ?Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea; introduced to E North America].