剪刀股Ixeris japonica (Burm. F.) Nakai
剪刀股Ixeris japonica (Burm. F.) Nakai
2.剪刀股 沙滩苦荬菜
Ixeris japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 575. 1926.——Lapsana japonica Burm. f., Fl. Ind 181. 1768.——Prenanthes debilis Thunb., Fl. Jap. 300. 1784. ——Chondrilla debilis Poiret, Encycl, Meth. Bot. Suppl. 2: 332. 1811. ——Youngia debilis (Poiret) DC., Prodr. 7: 194. 1838.——Ixeris debilis (Thunb.) A. Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. s. 6: 397. 1859; Benth. Fl. Hongk 193. 1861; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. -Bat. 2: 191. 1866; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 14: 114. 1923; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B. 23: 125. 1956; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 703.图 6819.1975; 安徽植物志4: 621.1991. ——Lactuca debilis (Thunb.) Benth. ex Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. 19: 533. 1874 et in Mel. Biol. 9: 365. 1874; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 480. 1888, p. p. ; Merr. in Sunyatsenia 1: 44. 1930; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3: 195. 1935; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1-2): 17. 19-76; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志555.1955.——Ixeris japonica(Burm. f.) Nakai f. sinuata Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 270. 1875; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 576. 1926.——Lactuca debilis (Thunb.) Benth. ex Maxim. var. integra O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. 1: 349. 1891. ——Ixeris japonica(Burn. f.) Nakai f. integra (O. Ktze.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 575. 1926.——I. japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai f. dissecta Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 576. 1926. ——Lactuca trifida Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 1: 58. 1932; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1-2): 31. 1967. ——Ixeris japonica(Burm. f.) Nakai subsp. litoralis Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3: 132. 1934; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1—2): 4. 1967. ——I. japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai var. salsuginosa Kitag. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 48: 113. 1934; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1—2): 5. 1967. ——I. japonica(Burm. f.) Nakai subsp. salsuginosa(Kitag.) Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 454. 1939.——I. debilis (Thunb.) A. Gray subsp. litoralis (Kitam.) Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B. 23: 126. 1956. ——Ixeris japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai var. litoralis (Kitam.) H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 4: 888. 1978.
多年草本。根垂直直伸，生多数须根。茎基部平卧，高12-35厘米，基部有匍匐茎，节上生不定根与叶。基生叶花期生存，匙状倒披针形或舌形，长3-11厘米，宽1-2厘米，基部渐狭成具狭翼的长或短柄，边缘有锯齿至羽状半裂或深裂或大头羽状半裂或深裂，侧裂片1-3对，集中在叶片的中下部，偏斜三角形或椭圆形，顶端急尖或钝，顶裂片椭圆形、长倒卵形或长椭圆形，顶端钝或圆形，有小尖头；茎生叶少数，与基生叶同形或长椭圆形或长倒披针形，无柄或渐狭成短柄；花序分枝上或花序梗上的叶极小，卵形。头状花序1-6枚在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序。总苞钟状，长14毫米，宽约7毫米；总苞片2-3层，外层极短，卵形，长2毫米，宽1.2毫米，顶端急尖，内层长，长椭圆状披针形或长披针形，长14毫米，宽2毫米，顶端钝，外面顶端有小鸡冠状突起或无小鸡冠状突起。舌状小花24枚，黄色。瘦果褐色，几纺锤形，长5毫米，宽1毫米，无毛，有10条高起的尖翅肋，顶端急尖成细喙，喙长2毫米，细丝状。冠毛白色，纤细，不等长，微糙，长6.5毫米。花果期3-5月。
分布东北（具体地点不详）、浙江（杭州、永嘉、镇海）福建（具体地点不详）、河南（郑州）、广东（广州）。生于路边潮湿地及田边。日本、朝鲜有分布。模式标本采自 日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Ixeris japonica (N. L. Burman) Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 40: 575. 1926.
剪刀股 jian dao gu
Lapsana japonica N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica, 174. 1768; Barkhausia repens (Loureiro) Sprengel; Chondrilla debilis (Thunberg) Poiret; Ixeris debilis (Thunberg) A. Gray; I. debilis f. sinuata Franchet & Savatier; I. japonica f. dissecta Nakai; I. japonica f. integra (Kuntze) Nakai; I. japonica subsp. litoralis Kitamura; I. japonica var. litoralis (Kitamura) H. L. Li; I. japonica subsp. salsuginosa (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; I. japonica var. salsuginosa Kitagawa; Lactuca debilis (Thunberg) Bentham ex Maximowicz; L. debilis var. integra Kuntze; Picris repens Loureiro; Prenanthes debilis Thunberg; Youngia debilis (Thunberg) Candolle.
Herbs 15-35 cm tall, perennial, glabrous, rosulate. Taproot with lateral shoot-bearing roots producing secondary leaf rosettes. Stems several, flagelliform, long creeping above ground; nodes 1 to several cm apart, most with adventitious roots and a single leaf. Flowering stems from rosettes and leaf axils of creeping stems, erect, to 35 cm, with 0 or 1 leaf. Basal leaves present at anthesis, spatulate, elliptic, or almost linear, 3-25(-35) × 0.5-2(-3) cm, undivided or pinnatifid to pinnatipartite and sometimes lyrately so, base attenuate into a petiole-like portion, margin entire or sinuate-dentate, apex obtuse to acute and mucronulate; lateral lobes (if present) 1 to few pairs, triangular to elliptic, apex acute to obtuse. Stem leaves (if any) similar to basal leaves but smaller. Synflorescence laxly and weakly corymbiform, with 1-6 capitula. Capitula with 20-25 florets; peduncle wiry, 1-20 cm. Involucre cylindric to campanulate, (8-)10-12 × 4-5 mm at anthesis, to 1.4 cm in fruit. Phyllaries abaxially glabrous; outer phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, longest to 4 mm, apex acute; inner phyllaries 8, apex acute. Florets yellow, anther tube and style greenish to blackish upon drying. Achene brown, fusiform, 6-8 mm, apex attenuate into a filiform 2-3 mm beak. Pappus 6-8 mm. Fl. and fr. Mar-May. 2n = 48.
Sandy seashores, open, disturbed places in lowlands, along roads, fields; sea level to 500 m. ?Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Henan, Liaoning, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
In absence of any evidence that the holotype of the name Lapsana japonica was to be excluded from this taxon, japonica is used as the oldest epithet. The two sheets of the holotype, collected in Japan by C. Kleynhoff and preserved at G-Burman (G 00302006, digital images seen), carry material at early anthesis. Its involucres measure 8.5 mm at anthesis and are thus rather small, but similar small involucres have been seen occasionally also in material from China; otherwise the type material matches well the taxon. The name Ixeris debilis (based on Prenanthes debilis) has been used instead in works on the flora of Japan since the 1950s, while the basionym L. japonica has been omitted entirely.In absence of any evidence that the holotype of the name Lapsana japonica was to be excluded from this taxon, japonica is used as the oldest epithet. The two sheets of the holotype, collected in Japan by C. Kleynhoff and preserved at G-Burman (G 00302006, digital images seen), carry material at early anthesis. Its involucres measure 8.5 mm at anthesis and are thus rather small, but similar small involucres have been seen occasionally also in material from China; otherwise the type material matches well the taxon. The name Ixeris debilis (based on Prenanthes debilis) has been used instead in works on the flora of Japan since the 1950s, while the basionym L. japonica has been omitted entirely.
【拼音名】 Jiǎn Dāo Gǔ
【别名】 鸭舌草、鹅公英
【来源】 菊科苦荬菜属植物剪刀股Ixeris debilis A. Gray [I. japonica Nakai; Lactuca debilix Maxim.]，以全草入药。夏秋采收，鲜用或晒干。
【性味】 苦，寒。
【功能主治】 清热凉血，利尿消肿。用于肺热咳嗽，喉痛，口腔溃疡，急性结膜炎，阑尾炎，水肿，小便不利；外用治乳腺炎，疮疖肿毒，皮肤瘙痒。
【用法用量】 3～5钱；外用适量，鲜品捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：低滩苦荬菜
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：苦荬菜属 Ixeris
2.剪刀股 沙滩苦荬菜
Ixeris japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 575. 1926.——Lapsana japonica Burm. f., Fl. Ind 181. 1768.——Prenanthes debilis Thunb., Fl. Jap. 300. 1784. ——Chondrilla debilis Poiret, Encycl, Meth. Bot. Suppl. 2: 332. 1811. ——Youngia debilis (Poiret) DC., Prodr. 7: 194. 1838.——Ixeris debilis (Thunb.) A. Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. s. 6: 397. 1859; Benth. Fl. Hongk 193. 1861; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. -Bat. 2: 191. 1866; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 14: 114. 1923; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B. 23: 125. 1956; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 703.图 6819.1975; 安徽植物志4: 621.1991. ——Lactuca debilis (Thunb.) Benth. ex Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. 19: 533. 1874 et in Mel. Biol. 9: 365. 1874; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 480. 1888, p. p. ; Merr. in Sunyatsenia 1: 44. 1930; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3: 195. 1935; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1-2): 17. 19-76; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志555.1955.——Ixeris japonica(Burm. f.) Nakai f. sinuata Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 270. 1875; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 576. 1926.——Lactuca debilis (Thunb.) Benth. ex Maxim. var. integra O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. 1: 349. 1891. ——Ixeris japonica(Burn. f.) Nakai f. integra (O. Ktze.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 575. 1926.——I. japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai f. dissecta Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 576. 1926. ——Lactuca trifida Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 1: 58. 1932; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1-2): 31. 1967. ——Ixeris japonica(Burm. f.) Nakai subsp. litoralis Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3: 132. 1934; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1—2): 4. 1967. ——I. japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai var. salsuginosa Kitag. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 48: 113. 1934; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20(1—2): 5. 1967. ——I. japonica(Burm. f.) Nakai subsp. salsuginosa(Kitag.) Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 454. 1939.——I. debilis (Thunb.) A. Gray subsp. litoralis (Kitam.) Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B. 23: 126. 1956. ——Ixeris japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai var. litoralis (Kitam.) H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 4: 888. 1978.
多年草本。根垂直直伸，生多数须根。茎基部平卧，高12-35厘米，基部有匍匐茎，节上生不定根与叶。基生叶花期生存，匙状倒披针形或舌形，长3-11厘米，宽1-2厘米，基部渐狭成具狭翼的长或短柄，边缘有锯齿至羽状半裂或深裂或大头羽状半裂或深裂，侧裂片1-3对，集中在叶片的中下部，偏斜三角形或椭圆形，顶端急尖或钝，顶裂片椭圆形、长倒卵形或长椭圆形，顶端钝或圆形，有小尖头；茎生叶少数，与基生叶同形或长椭圆形或长倒披针形，无柄或渐狭成短柄；花序分枝上或花序梗上的叶极小，卵形。头状花序1-6枚在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序。总苞钟状，长14毫米，宽约7毫米；总苞片2-3层，外层极短，卵形，长2毫米，宽1.2毫米，顶端急尖，内层长，长椭圆状披针形或长披针形，长14毫米，宽2毫米，顶端钝，外面顶端有小鸡冠状突起或无小鸡冠状突起。舌状小花24枚，黄色。瘦果褐色，几纺锤形，长5毫米，宽1毫米，无毛，有10条高起的尖翅肋，顶端急尖成细喙，喙长2毫米，细丝状。冠毛白色，纤细，不等长，微糙，长6.5毫米。花果期3-5月。
分布东北（具体地点不详）、浙江（杭州、永嘉、镇海）福建（具体地点不详）、河南（郑州）、广东（广州）。生于路边潮湿地及田边。日本、朝鲜有分布。模式标本采自 日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Ixeris japonica (N. L. Burman) Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 40: 575. 1926.
剪刀股 jian dao gu
Lapsana japonica N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica, 174. 1768; Barkhausia repens (Loureiro) Sprengel; Chondrilla debilis (Thunberg) Poiret; Ixeris debilis (Thunberg) A. Gray; I. debilis f. sinuata Franchet & Savatier; I. japonica f. dissecta Nakai; I. japonica f. integra (Kuntze) Nakai; I. japonica subsp. litoralis Kitamura; I. japonica var. litoralis (Kitamura) H. L. Li; I. japonica subsp. salsuginosa (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; I. japonica var. salsuginosa Kitagawa; Lactuca debilis (Thunberg) Bentham ex Maximowicz; L. debilis var. integra Kuntze; Picris repens Loureiro; Prenanthes debilis Thunberg; Youngia debilis (Thunberg) Candolle.
Herbs 15-35 cm tall, perennial, glabrous, rosulate. Taproot with lateral shoot-bearing roots producing secondary leaf rosettes. Stems several, flagelliform, long creeping above ground; nodes 1 to several cm apart, most with adventitious roots and a single leaf. Flowering stems from rosettes and leaf axils of creeping stems, erect, to 35 cm, with 0 or 1 leaf. Basal leaves present at anthesis, spatulate, elliptic, or almost linear, 3-25(-35) × 0.5-2(-3) cm, undivided or pinnatifid to pinnatipartite and sometimes lyrately so, base attenuate into a petiole-like portion, margin entire or sinuate-dentate, apex obtuse to acute and mucronulate; lateral lobes (if present) 1 to few pairs, triangular to elliptic, apex acute to obtuse. Stem leaves (if any) similar to basal leaves but smaller. Synflorescence laxly and weakly corymbiform, with 1-6 capitula. Capitula with 20-25 florets; peduncle wiry, 1-20 cm. Involucre cylindric to campanulate, (8-)10-12 × 4-5 mm at anthesis, to 1.4 cm in fruit. Phyllaries abaxially glabrous; outer phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, longest to 4 mm, apex acute; inner phyllaries 8, apex acute. Florets yellow, anther tube and style greenish to blackish upon drying. Achene brown, fusiform, 6-8 mm, apex attenuate into a filiform 2-3 mm beak. Pappus 6-8 mm. Fl. and fr. Mar-May. 2n = 48.
Sandy seashores, open, disturbed places in lowlands, along roads, fields; sea level to 500 m. ?Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Henan, Liaoning, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
In absence of any evidence that the holotype of the name Lapsana japonica was to be excluded from this taxon, japonica is used as the oldest epithet. The two sheets of the holotype, collected in Japan by C. Kleynhoff and preserved at G-Burman (G 00302006, digital images seen), carry material at early anthesis. Its involucres measure 8.5 mm at anthesis and are thus rather small, but similar small involucres have been seen occasionally also in material from China; otherwise the type material matches well the taxon. The name Ixeris debilis (based on Prenanthes debilis) has been used instead in works on the flora of Japan since the 1950s, while the basionym L. japonica has been omitted entirely.In absence of any evidence that the holotype of the name Lapsana japonica was to be excluded from this taxon, japonica is used as the oldest epithet. The two sheets of the holotype, collected in Japan by C. Kleynhoff and preserved at G-Burman (G 00302006, digital images seen), carry material at early anthesis. Its involucres measure 8.5 mm at anthesis and are thus rather small, but similar small involucres have been seen occasionally also in material from China; otherwise the type material matches well the taxon. The name Ixeris debilis (based on Prenanthes debilis) has been used instead in works on the flora of Japan since the 1950s, while the basionym L. japonica has been omitted entirely.
《全国中草药汇编》:剪刀股
【拼音名】 Jiǎn Dāo Gǔ
【别名】 鸭舌草、鹅公英
【来源】 菊科苦荬菜属植物剪刀股Ixeris debilis A. Gray [I. japonica Nakai; Lactuca debilix Maxim.]，以全草入药。夏秋采收，鲜用或晒干。
【性味】 苦，寒。
【功能主治】 清热凉血，利尿消肿。用于肺热咳嗽，喉痛，口腔溃疡，急性结膜炎，阑尾炎，水肿，小便不利；外用治乳腺炎，疮疖肿毒，皮肤瘙痒。
【用法用量】 3～5钱；外用适量，鲜品捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》