兴安乳菀Galatella dahurica DC.
兴安乳菀Galatella dahurica DC.
4. 兴安乳菀 乳菀（东北植物检索表）图版63：5-8
Galatella dahurica DC., Prodr. 5: 256. 1836; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2: 480. 1845-46; Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. 145. 1859; Novopokr. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Russ. 12: 2272, 2281, et in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Acad. Sci. URSS 11: 223. 1949; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表376. 1959; Tzvel., Fl. URSS 25: 143. 1959. Aster dahuricus Benth. ex Baker, Gard. Chron. 1: 208. 1885; Komar., Fl. Mansh 3: 602. 1907; Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 143. 1939; Kitag. in Lineam. Fl. Manch. 436. 1939. ——Aster yamatsudanus Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 43: 110. 1934, non Aster yamatsudae Matsuda. ——Aster dahuricus ssp. yamatsudanus (Kitag.) Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Manch. 436. 1939.
多年生草本，根状茎较细长，径2-2.5毫米，平卧或斜升，被褐色鳞片，全株被密乳头状短毛和微刚毛，下部近无毛；茎直立，单生，坚硬，径2-3.5毫米，黄绿色，基部紫红色，具明显的条纹，上部分枝，枝较细弱，直立或稍内弯。叶密集，斜上或稍开展，下部叶在花期常枯萎，中部叶线状披针形或线形，稀长圆状披针形，长4-8厘米，宽3-8毫米，顶端长渐尖，基部渐狭，边缘稍粗糙，具3条脉，两面，或稀仅上面有腺点，上部和枝上的叶渐小，线形。头状花序较少数，在茎和枝端排列成疏伞房花序，花序梗细弱，稍弯曲，具1-2个线形的苞片；头状花序较大，长10-15毫米，宽15-25毫米，具30-60个花，总苞近半球形，长3.5-6毫米，宽8-10毫米，总苞片3-4层，黄绿色，背面被短毛，或少有近无毛，外层小，狭披针形或披针形，叶质，顶端急尖，具1条脉，内层大，长圆状披针形，近膜质，顶端钝或稍尖，有时紫红色，具3条脉，具白色狭膜质边缘。外围有10-20个舌状花，舌片淡紫红或紫蓝色，长15-16毫米，宽2-2.5毫米；中央的两性花多数，花冠管状，黄色，或有时带淡紫红色，长6-8毫米，檐部有5个长圆状披针形的裂片；花柱分枝顶端有卵状三角形的附器。瘦果长圆形，长3-4毫米，被白色长柔毛；冠毛白色或污黄色，糙毛状，长6-8毫米。花期7-9月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁（洛古河、安达、嫩江、齐克特、青岗、松江、饶河、乾安、洮南、经棚）、内蒙古（额尔古纳旗、额河）。苏联西伯利亚和远东地区、蒙古也有。生长于山坡草地，碱地和草原，海拔500-1400米。
形态特征：多年生草本，根状茎较细长，径2—2．5毫米，平卧或斜升，被褐色鳞片，全株被密乳头状短毛和微刚毛，下部近无毛，茎直立，单生，坚硬，径2—3．5毫米，黄绿色，基部紫红色，具明显的条纹，上部分枝，枝较细弱，直立或稍内弯。叶密集，斜上或稍开展，下部叶在花期常枯萎，中部叶线状披针形或线形，稀长圆状披针形，长4—8厘米，宽3—8毫米，顶端长渐尖，基部渐狭，边缘稍粗糙，具3条脉，两面，或稀仅上面有腺点，上部和枝上的叶渐小，线形。头状花序较少数，在茎和枝端排列成疏伞房花序，花序梗细弱，稍弯曲，具1—2个线形的苞片；头状花序较大，长10—15毫米，宽15—25毫米，具30—60个花，总苞近半球形，长3．5—6毫米，宽8--10毫米，总苞片3—4层，黄绿色，背面被短毛，或少有近无毛，外层小，狭披针形或披针形，叶质，顶端急尖，具l条脉，内层大，长圆状披针形，近膜质，顶端钝或稍尖，有时紫红色，具3条脉，具白色狭膜质边缘。外围有10一20个舌状花，舌片淡紫红或紫蓝色，长15——16毫米，宽2—2．5毫米；中央的两性花多数，花冠管状，黄色，或有时带淡紫红色，长6—8毫米，檐部有5个长圆状披针形的裂片；花柱分枝顶端有卵状三角形的附器。瘦果长圆形，长3—4毫米，被白色长柔毛；冠毛白色或污黄色，糙毛状，长6—8毫米。花期7—9月。
产地分布：产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁(洛古河、安达、嫩江、齐克特、青岗、松江、饶河、乾安、洮南、经棚)、内蒙古(额尔古纳旗、额河)。苏联西伯利亚和远东地区、蒙古也有。生长于山坡草地，碱地和草原，海拔500—1400米。
参考文献：GalatelladahurieaDC·，Prodr．5：256．1836；Ledeb·，Fl．Ross．2：480．1845——46，Maxim·，Prim，Fl，Amur．145，1859；Novopokr，inBull．Acad．Sc．Russ，12：2272，2281，etinNot，Syst．Herb．Inst．Acad．Sci．URSS11：223．1949；刘慎谔等，东北植物检索表376．1959；Tzvel·，F1．URSS25：143．1959．——AsterdahuricusBenth．ExBaker，Gard．Chron．1：208．1885；Komar·，F1．Mansh3：602．1907；Kitam：inAct．Phytotax．Geobot，8：143．1939；Kitag．InLineam．F1．Manch．436．1939．——AsteryamatsudanusKitag．InTokyoBot．Mag·4S：110．1934，nonAsteryamatsudaeMatsuda．--Asterdahuricusssp．Yamatsudanus(Kitag·)Kitag·，Lineam．F1．Manch．436．1939．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Galatella dahurica Candolle Prodr. 5: 256. 1836.
兴安乳菀 xing an ru wan
Aster dahuricus (Candolle) Bentham ex Baker; A. dahuricus subsp. yamatsutanus (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; A. yamatsutanus Kitagawa; Galatella macrosciadia Gandoger; G. songorica Novopokrovsky; G. songorica var. angustifolia Novopokrovsky; G. songorica var. discoidea Y. Ling & Y. L. Chen; G. songorica var. latifolia Y. Ling & Y. L. Chen; G. tarbagatensis Novopokrovsky.
Herbs, perennial, 20-100 cm tall, densely shortly papilliform hairy, glabrate in lower part; rhizome long, slender, or thick. Stems solitary or several, erect or ascending, purplish at base, branched upward, branches slender, ascending, sometimes sparsely sessile glandular. Leaves dense, lower often withered at anthesis, mid sessile, blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or linear, (3-)4-5.5(-7) × 0.1-1.4 cm, both surfaces or only adaxially gland-dotted, 1- or 3-veined, base attenuate, margin scabrous, apex acuminate to long acuminate; upper blade linear-lanceolate to linear, ± reduced upward, 3-veined (lateral 2 sometimes faint), sometimes 1-veined. Capitula numerous, in dense to lax corymbiform synflorescences, rarely solitary, (3-)10-15 × (5-)15-25 mm; peduncles slender; bracts 1 or 2, linear, densely papillose. Involucre broadly campanulate or broadly obconic to subhemispheric, 3-6 × 5-10 mm; phyllaries 3- or 4-seriate, yellow-green, imbricate, abaxially papillose to glabrate or glabrous, membranous, margin fimbriate, villous-ciliate, back sometimes rounded, outer short, green area wide, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1-veined, margin leafy textured, apex acute, innermost larger, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, usually 3-veined, margin scarious, apex rounded to obtuse or sometimes acute, sometimes pinkish tinged. Ray florets 10-20, pinkish or pale violet, tube ca. 2 mm, lamina 10-16 × 1.5-3 mm, glabrous; disk florets 20-40(-80), pale yellow, sometimes becoming purplish tinged, 6-8 mm, limb funnelform, lobes lanceolate. Achenes lanceolate or oblong, 2-4 mm, ± densely strigose. Pappus whitish or dirty white to yellowish, 5-8 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep.
Meadows, grasslands on slopes, dry mountain slopes, stony slopes, forest margins, roadsides; 500-3900 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Uzbekistan].
Y. Ling and Y. L. Chen (FRPS 74: 269. 1985) regarded Galatella songorica as distinct from G. macrosciadia based on the more numerous capitula with smaller, differently shaped phyllaries, and on distribution. Such differences may be the result of phenotypic plasticity, a trade-off between the number and size of capitula in different ecological conditions, such as higher elevations. On the other hand, Koroljuk (in Krasnoborov, Fl. Siberia 13: 39-43. 2007) reduced G. songorica and G. macrosciadia to synonyms of G. dahurica. Measurements among these taxa overlap significantly, and we are recognizing a single entity, as does Koroljuk.Y. Ling and Y. L. Chen (FRPS 74: 269. 1985) regarded Galatella songorica as distinct from G. macrosciadia based on the more numerous capitula with smaller, differently shaped phyllaries, and on distribution. Such differences may be the result of phenotypic plasticity, a trade-off between the number and size of capitula in different ecological conditions, such as higher elevations. On the other hand, Koroljuk (in Krasnoborov, Fl. Siberia 13: 39-43. 2007) reduced G. songorica and G. macrosciadia to synonyms of G. dahurica. Measurements among these taxa overlap significantly, and we are recognizing a single entity, as does Koroljuk.
别名：布日扎;乳苑;乳菀;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：乳菀属 Galatella
4. 兴安乳菀 乳菀（东北植物检索表）图版63：5-8
Galatella dahurica DC., Prodr. 5: 256. 1836; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2: 480. 1845-46; Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. 145. 1859; Novopokr. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Russ. 12: 2272, 2281, et in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Acad. Sci. URSS 11: 223. 1949; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表376. 1959; Tzvel., Fl. URSS 25: 143. 1959. Aster dahuricus Benth. ex Baker, Gard. Chron. 1: 208. 1885; Komar., Fl. Mansh 3: 602. 1907; Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 143. 1939; Kitag. in Lineam. Fl. Manch. 436. 1939. ——Aster yamatsudanus Kitag. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 43: 110. 1934, non Aster yamatsudae Matsuda. ——Aster dahuricus ssp. yamatsudanus (Kitag.) Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Manch. 436. 1939.
多年生草本，根状茎较细长，径2-2.5毫米，平卧或斜升，被褐色鳞片，全株被密乳头状短毛和微刚毛，下部近无毛；茎直立，单生，坚硬，径2-3.5毫米，黄绿色，基部紫红色，具明显的条纹，上部分枝，枝较细弱，直立或稍内弯。叶密集，斜上或稍开展，下部叶在花期常枯萎，中部叶线状披针形或线形，稀长圆状披针形，长4-8厘米，宽3-8毫米，顶端长渐尖，基部渐狭，边缘稍粗糙，具3条脉，两面，或稀仅上面有腺点，上部和枝上的叶渐小，线形。头状花序较少数，在茎和枝端排列成疏伞房花序，花序梗细弱，稍弯曲，具1-2个线形的苞片；头状花序较大，长10-15毫米，宽15-25毫米，具30-60个花，总苞近半球形，长3.5-6毫米，宽8-10毫米，总苞片3-4层，黄绿色，背面被短毛，或少有近无毛，外层小，狭披针形或披针形，叶质，顶端急尖，具1条脉，内层大，长圆状披针形，近膜质，顶端钝或稍尖，有时紫红色，具3条脉，具白色狭膜质边缘。外围有10-20个舌状花，舌片淡紫红或紫蓝色，长15-16毫米，宽2-2.5毫米；中央的两性花多数，花冠管状，黄色，或有时带淡紫红色，长6-8毫米，檐部有5个长圆状披针形的裂片；花柱分枝顶端有卵状三角形的附器。瘦果长圆形，长3-4毫米，被白色长柔毛；冠毛白色或污黄色，糙毛状，长6-8毫米。花期7-9月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁（洛古河、安达、嫩江、齐克特、青岗、松江、饶河、乾安、洮南、经棚）、内蒙古（额尔古纳旗、额河）。苏联西伯利亚和远东地区、蒙古也有。生长于山坡草地，碱地和草原，海拔500-1400米。
形态特征：多年生草本，根状茎较细长，径2—2．5毫米，平卧或斜升，被褐色鳞片，全株被密乳头状短毛和微刚毛，下部近无毛，茎直立，单生，坚硬，径2—3．5毫米，黄绿色，基部紫红色，具明显的条纹，上部分枝，枝较细弱，直立或稍内弯。叶密集，斜上或稍开展，下部叶在花期常枯萎，中部叶线状披针形或线形，稀长圆状披针形，长4—8厘米，宽3—8毫米，顶端长渐尖，基部渐狭，边缘稍粗糙，具3条脉，两面，或稀仅上面有腺点，上部和枝上的叶渐小，线形。头状花序较少数，在茎和枝端排列成疏伞房花序，花序梗细弱，稍弯曲，具1—2个线形的苞片；头状花序较大，长10—15毫米，宽15—25毫米，具30—60个花，总苞近半球形，长3．5—6毫米，宽8--10毫米，总苞片3—4层，黄绿色，背面被短毛，或少有近无毛，外层小，狭披针形或披针形，叶质，顶端急尖，具l条脉，内层大，长圆状披针形，近膜质，顶端钝或稍尖，有时紫红色，具3条脉，具白色狭膜质边缘。外围有10一20个舌状花，舌片淡紫红或紫蓝色，长15——16毫米，宽2—2．5毫米；中央的两性花多数，花冠管状，黄色，或有时带淡紫红色，长6—8毫米，檐部有5个长圆状披针形的裂片；花柱分枝顶端有卵状三角形的附器。瘦果长圆形，长3—4毫米，被白色长柔毛；冠毛白色或污黄色，糙毛状，长6—8毫米。花期7—9月。
产地分布：产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁(洛古河、安达、嫩江、齐克特、青岗、松江、饶河、乾安、洮南、经棚)、内蒙古(额尔古纳旗、额河)。苏联西伯利亚和远东地区、蒙古也有。生长于山坡草地，碱地和草原，海拔500—1400米。
参考文献：GalatelladahurieaDC·，Prodr．5：256．1836；Ledeb·，Fl．Ross．2：480．1845——46，Maxim·，Prim，Fl，Amur．145，1859；Novopokr，inBull．Acad．Sc．Russ，12：2272，2281，etinNot，Syst．Herb．Inst．Acad．Sci．URSS11：223．1949；刘慎谔等，东北植物检索表376．1959；Tzvel·，F1．URSS25：143．1959．——AsterdahuricusBenth．ExBaker，Gard．Chron．1：208．1885；Komar·，F1．Mansh3：602．1907；Kitam：inAct．Phytotax．Geobot，8：143．1939；Kitag．InLineam．F1．Manch．436．1939．——AsteryamatsudanusKitag．InTokyoBot．Mag·4S：110．1934，nonAsteryamatsudaeMatsuda．--Asterdahuricusssp．Yamatsudanus(Kitag·)Kitag·，Lineam．F1．Manch．436．1939．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Galatella dahurica Candolle Prodr. 5: 256. 1836.
兴安乳菀 xing an ru wan
Aster dahuricus (Candolle) Bentham ex Baker; A. dahuricus subsp. yamatsutanus (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; A. yamatsutanus Kitagawa; Galatella macrosciadia Gandoger; G. songorica Novopokrovsky; G. songorica var. angustifolia Novopokrovsky; G. songorica var. discoidea Y. Ling & Y. L. Chen; G. songorica var. latifolia Y. Ling & Y. L. Chen; G. tarbagatensis Novopokrovsky.
Herbs, perennial, 20-100 cm tall, densely shortly papilliform hairy, glabrate in lower part; rhizome long, slender, or thick. Stems solitary or several, erect or ascending, purplish at base, branched upward, branches slender, ascending, sometimes sparsely sessile glandular. Leaves dense, lower often withered at anthesis, mid sessile, blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or linear, (3-)4-5.5(-7) × 0.1-1.4 cm, both surfaces or only adaxially gland-dotted, 1- or 3-veined, base attenuate, margin scabrous, apex acuminate to long acuminate; upper blade linear-lanceolate to linear, ± reduced upward, 3-veined (lateral 2 sometimes faint), sometimes 1-veined. Capitula numerous, in dense to lax corymbiform synflorescences, rarely solitary, (3-)10-15 × (5-)15-25 mm; peduncles slender; bracts 1 or 2, linear, densely papillose. Involucre broadly campanulate or broadly obconic to subhemispheric, 3-6 × 5-10 mm; phyllaries 3- or 4-seriate, yellow-green, imbricate, abaxially papillose to glabrate or glabrous, membranous, margin fimbriate, villous-ciliate, back sometimes rounded, outer short, green area wide, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1-veined, margin leafy textured, apex acute, innermost larger, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, usually 3-veined, margin scarious, apex rounded to obtuse or sometimes acute, sometimes pinkish tinged. Ray florets 10-20, pinkish or pale violet, tube ca. 2 mm, lamina 10-16 × 1.5-3 mm, glabrous; disk florets 20-40(-80), pale yellow, sometimes becoming purplish tinged, 6-8 mm, limb funnelform, lobes lanceolate. Achenes lanceolate or oblong, 2-4 mm, ± densely strigose. Pappus whitish or dirty white to yellowish, 5-8 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep.
Meadows, grasslands on slopes, dry mountain slopes, stony slopes, forest margins, roadsides; 500-3900 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Uzbekistan].
Y. Ling and Y. L. Chen (FRPS 74: 269. 1985) regarded Galatella songorica as distinct from G. macrosciadia based on the more numerous capitula with smaller, differently shaped phyllaries, and on distribution. Such differences may be the result of phenotypic plasticity, a trade-off between the number and size of capitula in different ecological conditions, such as higher elevations. On the other hand, Koroljuk (in Krasnoborov, Fl. Siberia 13: 39-43. 2007) reduced G. songorica and G. macrosciadia to synonyms of G. dahurica. Measurements among these taxa overlap significantly, and we are recognizing a single entity, as does Koroljuk.Y. Ling and Y. L. Chen (FRPS 74: 269. 1985) regarded Galatella songorica as distinct from G. macrosciadia based on the more numerous capitula with smaller, differently shaped phyllaries, and on distribution. Such differences may be the result of phenotypic plasticity, a trade-off between the number and size of capitula in different ecological conditions, such as higher elevations. On the other hand, Koroljuk (in Krasnoborov, Fl. Siberia 13: 39-43. 2007) reduced G. songorica and G. macrosciadia to synonyms of G. dahurica. Measurements among these taxa overlap significantly, and we are recognizing a single entity, as does Koroljuk.