鳢肠Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) Linn.

别名：旱莲草;墨草;白花螃蜞草;白花膨蜞菊;白花蟛蜞草;白花蟛蜞菊;臭脚把子草;臭脚桠;伐姆九;干莲草;旱莲;旱莲花;旱莲子;旱蓼苗;旱墨莲;黑旱莲;黑墨草;烘丫菜;晃九;烂安菜;烂脚丫;烂丫菜;鲤肠;醴肠;莲草;莲子草;墨菜;墨斗草;墨旱莲;墨水草;墨头草;墨药;墨汁菜;墨汁草;片蒿;水凤仙;水凤仙草;水旱莲;水葵花;水马桑;退血草;乌心草;野葵花;野向日葵;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：鳢肠属 Eclipta

《中国植物志》第75卷344页
  1. 鳢肠（唐本草）旱莲草，墨莱 图版58: 1-5
  Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Mant. 2: 286. 1771; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1109. 1936; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 16: 266. 1942; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册763. 图1228. 1959.——Verbesina prostrata L. Sp. Pl. 902. 1753, ed 2. 1227. 1763.——Verbesina alba L., l. c. ——Eclipta ereta L., Mant. 2: 286. 1771; Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 505. 1790; Chen in Bull. Fam. Mem. Inst. Biol. 5: 55. 1934.——Eclipta thermalis Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 2: 113. 1833.——Eclipta alba (L.) Haask., Pl. Jav. Rav. 528. 1848; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 181. 1861; Franlch., Pl. David. 165. 1884; Forbies et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 433. 1888; Komar., Fl. Manch. 3: 629. 1907; Hayata, Comp. Formos. 17. 1904 et Ic. Pl. Formos. 8: 59. 1919; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 184. 1927; Ling in Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 489. 1934; Chang in Sunyats. 3: 292. 1937; Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 449. 1939; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志 547. 1956; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表383. 1959.——Eclipta marginata Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 249. 1875; Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 31: 217. 1876.
  一年生草本。茎直立，斜升或平卧，高达60厘米，通常自基部分枝，被贴生糙毛。叶长圆状披针形或披针形，无柄或有极短的柄，长3-10厘米，宽0.5-2.5厘米，顶端尖或渐尖，边缘有细锯齿或有时仅波状，两面被密硬糙毛。头状花序径6-8毫米，有长2-4厘米的细花序梗；总苞球状钟形，总苞片绿色，草质，5-6个排成2层，长圆形或长圆状披针形，外层较内层稍短，背面及边缘被白色短伏毛；外围的雌花2层，舌状，长2-3毫米，舌片短，顶端2浅裂或全缘，中央的两性花多数，花冠管状，白色，长约1.5毫米，顶端4齿裂；花柱分枝钝，有乳头状突起；花托凸，有披针形或线形的托片。托片中部以上有微毛；瘦果暗褐色，长2.8毫米，雌花的瘦果三棱形，两性花的瘦果扁四棱形，顶端截形，具1-3个细齿，基部稍缩小，边缘具白色的肋，表面有小瘤状突起，无毛。花期6-9月。
  产全国各省区。生于河边，田边或路旁。全草入药，有凉血、止血、消肿、强壮之功效。世界热带及亚热带地区广泛分布。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Eclipta prostrata  (Linnaeus) Linnaeus Mant. Pl. 2: 286. 1771.
鳢肠   li chang
Verbesina prostrata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 902. 1753; Eclipta alba (Linnaeus) Hasskarl; E. alba var. zippeliana (Blume) Miquel; E. thermalis Bunge; E. zippeliana Blume; V. alba Linnaeus.
Herbs, annual. Stems erect, ascending or prostrate, to 60(-100) cm tall, strigose-pilose, branched at base. Leaves lanceolate, 3-10 × 0.5-2.5 cm, papery, densely strigose-pubescent on both surfaces, base narrowed, sessile or shortly petiolate, margin serrulate, apex gradually acuminate. Capitula ca. 6 mm wide; peduncle slender, 2-4.5 cm; involucre globose-campanulate, ca. 5 × 6-7 mm, enlarging to 11 mm wide in fruit; phyllaries 5 or 6, 2-seriate, oblong, acute, outer longer. Ray florets 2-seriate; lamina 2.5-3 × ca. 0.4 mm, bifid or entire. Disk florets many; corolla ca. 1.5 mm, 4-lobed. Achenes ca. 2.8 × 1.5 mm, margin ribbed. Fl. Jun-Sep.
Riversides, fields, abandoned ponds, roadsides; below 1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to Central, North, and South America; introduced in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and Pacific islands].