火烙草Echinops przewalskii Iljin
火烙草Echinops przewalskii Iljin
2.火烙草（甘肃）图版9：1-3
Echinops przewalskii Iljin in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop 4: 108, 1923: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 240, 1966; Shih in Bull. Bot. Lab. North.——Eastern Forest. Inst. 5: 64, 1979; H. Ch. Fu in Fe. Intramong. 6: 190, 1982——Echinops albicaulis auct. non Kar. et Kir. : Ling in Contr. Inst. Bct. Nat. Acad. Peip 3: 131, 1935——Echinops dahuricus auct. non Fisch. : Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 130, 1935, p. p.
多年生草本。根直伸，粗壮。茎高15-40厘米，单生或自茎基发出少数的茎而成簇生，不分枝或茎生1-3个分枝，全部茎校被稀疏的蛛丝状薄棉毛或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。基生叶与下部茎叶长椭圆形或长椭圆状披针形或长倒披针形，长10-20厘米，宽2-8厘米，二回或近二回羽状分裂，基部有短柄。一回为深裂，侧裂片5-8对，披针形或披针状椭圆形或椭圆形，向基部侧裂片渐小，最下部侧裂片成针刺状；二回为半裂，二回裂片为三角形，顶端针刺状长渐尖。基生叶与下部茎叶很少为一回羽状分裂。中上部茎叶渐小，基部无柄，抱茎或贴茎，羽状深裂，裂片边缘及顶端有刺齿及针刺，裂片顶端针刺较大。全部叶质地坚硬，革质，两面异色，上面绿色或黄绿色，被稀疏蛛丝毛，无腺点，下面白色或灰白色，被稠密或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。复头状花序单生茎枝顶端，直径5-5.5厘米。头状花序长达1.8厘米。基毛白色，不等长，扁毛状，长约8毫米，约为总苞长度之半或过之。外层苞片线状倒披针形，稍长于基毛，上部椭圆扩大，褐色，边缘有稀疏的软骨质短缘毛或无缘毛，顶端钻形软骨状短渐尖，爪部边缘有稀疏的长缘毛；中层苞片长1.5厘米，倒披针形，自中部以上收窄成刺芒状长渐尖，边缘有紧贴的长缘毛；内层苞片与中层同形，但稍长，基部有时粘合。全部苞片16-20个，龙骨状，外面无毛无腺点。小花长1.6厘米，白色或浅蓝色，花冠管长5毫米，外面有腺点。瘦果倒圆锥状，长约6毫米，被稠密黄褐色的顺向贴伏的长直毛，遮盖冠毛。冠毛量杯状，高1毫米，冠毛膜片线形，边缘稀疏糙毛状，大部结合，仅上部分离。花果期6-8月。
分布内蒙古、山西、甘肃、山东。蒙古也有分布。生于荒漠草原、草原化荒漠及荒漠地带石质戈壁、砂质山地，海拔500-2200米。模式标本采自蒙古。
形态特征：多年生草本。根直伸，粗壮。茎高15—40厘米，单生或自茎基发出少数的茎而成簇生，不分枝或茎生1—3个分枝，全部茎枝被稀疏的蛛丝状薄棉毛或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。基生叶与下部茎叶长椭圆形或长椭圆状披针形或长倒披针形，长10—20厘米，宽2—8厘米，二回或近二回羽状分裂，基部有短柄。一回为深裂，侧裂片5—8对，披针形或披针状椭圆形或椭圆形，向基部侧裂片渐小，最下部侧裂片成针刺状；二回为半裂，二回裂片为三角形，顶端针刺状长渐尖。基生叶与下部茎叶很少为一回羽状分裂。中上部茎叶渐小，基部无柄，抱茎或贴茎，羽状深裂，裂片边缘及顶端有刺齿及针刺，裂片顶端针刺较大。全部叶质地坚硬，革质，两面异色，上面绿色或黄绿色，被稀疏蛛丝毛，无腺点，下面白色或灰白色，被稠密或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。复头状花序单生茎枝顶端，直径5—5．5厘米。头状花序长达1．8厘米。基毛白色，不等长，扁毛状，长约8毫米，约为总苞长度之半或过之。外层苞片线状倒披针形，稍长于基毛，上部椭圆扩大，褐色，边缘有稀疏的软骨质短缘毛或无缘毛，顶端钻形软骨状短渐尖，爪部边缘有稀疏的长缘毛；中层苞片长1．5厘米，倒披针形，自中部以上收窄成刺芒状长渐尖，边缘有紧贴的长缘毛；内层苞片与中层同形，但稍长，基部有时粘合。全部苞片16—20个，龙骨状，外面无毛无腺点。小花长1．6厘米，白色或浅蓝色，花冠管长5毫米，外面有腺点。瘦果倒圆锥状，长约6毫米，被稠密黄褐色的顺向贴伏的长直毛，遮盖冠毛。冠毛量杯状，高1毫米，冠毛膜片线形，边缘稀疏糙毛状，大部结合，仅上部分离。花果期6—8月。
产地分布：分布内蒙古、山西、甘肃、山东。蒙古也有分布。生于荒漠草原、草原化荒漠及荒漠地带石质戈壁、砂质山地，海拔500—2200米。模式标本采自蒙古。
参考文献：EehinopsprzewalskiiIljininNot．Syst．Herb．Hort．Petrop4：108，1923：S．Y．HuinQuan．Journ．TaiwanMus．19：240，1966；ShihinBull．Bot．Lab．North．—EasternForest．Inst，5：64，1979；H．Ch．FulnFe．Intramong．6：190，1982——Echinopsalbicaulisauct．NonKar．EtKir．：LinginContr．Inst．Bot．Nat．Acad．Peip3：131，1935——-Echinopsdahuricusauct．NonFisch．：LinginContr．Inst.Bot．Nat．Acad．PoiP．3：130，1935，p．P．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Echinops przewalskyi Iljin Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 108. 1923.
火烙草 huo lao cao
Herbs 15-40 cm tall, perennial. Stems solitary or tufted, unbranched or 1-3-branched, cobwebby to lanate. Leaves leathery, abaxially whitish to grayish white and densely cobwebby to thickly lanate, adaxially green to yellowish green and sparsely cobwebby, margin and apex spiny. Basal and lower cauline leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 10-20 × 2-8 cm, bipinnatipartite or subbipinnatisect, with 5-8 pairs of segments and a triangular ultimate lobe. Middle and upper cauline leaves sessile, gradually smaller upward, pinnatipartite, semiamplexicaul. Pseudocephalia 1 to few, ± corymbose, 5-5.5 cm in diam. Capitula ca. 1.8 cm. Phyllaries 16-20, abaxially glabrous; outermost phyllaries oblanceolate, to 8 mm, unequal in length, at least 1/2 as long as involucre, claw margin sparsely long ciliate, distal portion broadly elliptic, cartilaginous, margin sparsely shortly ciliate, and apex acuminate; middle phyllaries oblanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm, margin long appressed ciliate, apex narrowed into an awn; inner phyllaries similar but longer. Corolla white or bluish, outside gland-dotted, tube ca. 5 mm. Achene ca. 6 mm, hairs yellowish. Pappus scales linear, mostly ca. 1 mm, connate almost entirely. Fl. and fr. Jun-Aug.
● Sandy mountainous regions, desert steppes; 500-2200 m. C Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, SE Shandong, Shanxi, N Xinjiang.
Although C. Shih and Y. Ling (FRPS 78(1): 6. 1987) indicated that Echinops przewalskyi occurs in Mongolia, the species was not included among the Echinops in Mongolia by V. I. Grubov (Key Vascular Pl. Mongolia 2: 665-666. 2001).Although C. Shih and Y. Ling (FRPS 78(1): 6. 1987) indicated that Echinops przewalskyi occurs in Mongolia, the species was not included among the Echinops in Mongolia by V. I. Grubov (Key Vascular Pl. Mongolia 2: 665-666. 2001).
别名：斯尔日图-扎日阿-敖拉;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：蓝刺头属 Echinops
2.火烙草（甘肃）图版9：1-3
Echinops przewalskii Iljin in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop 4: 108, 1923: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 240, 1966; Shih in Bull. Bot. Lab. North.——Eastern Forest. Inst. 5: 64, 1979; H. Ch. Fu in Fe. Intramong. 6: 190, 1982——Echinops albicaulis auct. non Kar. et Kir. : Ling in Contr. Inst. Bct. Nat. Acad. Peip 3: 131, 1935——Echinops dahuricus auct. non Fisch. : Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 130, 1935, p. p.
多年生草本。根直伸，粗壮。茎高15-40厘米，单生或自茎基发出少数的茎而成簇生，不分枝或茎生1-3个分枝，全部茎校被稀疏的蛛丝状薄棉毛或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。基生叶与下部茎叶长椭圆形或长椭圆状披针形或长倒披针形，长10-20厘米，宽2-8厘米，二回或近二回羽状分裂，基部有短柄。一回为深裂，侧裂片5-8对，披针形或披针状椭圆形或椭圆形，向基部侧裂片渐小，最下部侧裂片成针刺状；二回为半裂，二回裂片为三角形，顶端针刺状长渐尖。基生叶与下部茎叶很少为一回羽状分裂。中上部茎叶渐小，基部无柄，抱茎或贴茎，羽状深裂，裂片边缘及顶端有刺齿及针刺，裂片顶端针刺较大。全部叶质地坚硬，革质，两面异色，上面绿色或黄绿色，被稀疏蛛丝毛，无腺点，下面白色或灰白色，被稠密或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。复头状花序单生茎枝顶端，直径5-5.5厘米。头状花序长达1.8厘米。基毛白色，不等长，扁毛状，长约8毫米，约为总苞长度之半或过之。外层苞片线状倒披针形，稍长于基毛，上部椭圆扩大，褐色，边缘有稀疏的软骨质短缘毛或无缘毛，顶端钻形软骨状短渐尖，爪部边缘有稀疏的长缘毛；中层苞片长1.5厘米，倒披针形，自中部以上收窄成刺芒状长渐尖，边缘有紧贴的长缘毛；内层苞片与中层同形，但稍长，基部有时粘合。全部苞片16-20个，龙骨状，外面无毛无腺点。小花长1.6厘米，白色或浅蓝色，花冠管长5毫米，外面有腺点。瘦果倒圆锥状，长约6毫米，被稠密黄褐色的顺向贴伏的长直毛，遮盖冠毛。冠毛量杯状，高1毫米，冠毛膜片线形，边缘稀疏糙毛状，大部结合，仅上部分离。花果期6-8月。
分布内蒙古、山西、甘肃、山东。蒙古也有分布。生于荒漠草原、草原化荒漠及荒漠地带石质戈壁、砂质山地，海拔500-2200米。模式标本采自蒙古。
形态特征：多年生草本。根直伸，粗壮。茎高15—40厘米，单生或自茎基发出少数的茎而成簇生，不分枝或茎生1—3个分枝，全部茎枝被稀疏的蛛丝状薄棉毛或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。基生叶与下部茎叶长椭圆形或长椭圆状披针形或长倒披针形，长10—20厘米，宽2—8厘米，二回或近二回羽状分裂，基部有短柄。一回为深裂，侧裂片5—8对，披针形或披针状椭圆形或椭圆形，向基部侧裂片渐小，最下部侧裂片成针刺状；二回为半裂，二回裂片为三角形，顶端针刺状长渐尖。基生叶与下部茎叶很少为一回羽状分裂。中上部茎叶渐小，基部无柄，抱茎或贴茎，羽状深裂，裂片边缘及顶端有刺齿及针刺，裂片顶端针刺较大。全部叶质地坚硬，革质，两面异色，上面绿色或黄绿色，被稀疏蛛丝毛，无腺点，下面白色或灰白色，被稠密或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。复头状花序单生茎枝顶端，直径5—5．5厘米。头状花序长达1．8厘米。基毛白色，不等长，扁毛状，长约8毫米，约为总苞长度之半或过之。外层苞片线状倒披针形，稍长于基毛，上部椭圆扩大，褐色，边缘有稀疏的软骨质短缘毛或无缘毛，顶端钻形软骨状短渐尖，爪部边缘有稀疏的长缘毛；中层苞片长1．5厘米，倒披针形，自中部以上收窄成刺芒状长渐尖，边缘有紧贴的长缘毛；内层苞片与中层同形，但稍长，基部有时粘合。全部苞片16—20个，龙骨状，外面无毛无腺点。小花长1．6厘米，白色或浅蓝色，花冠管长5毫米，外面有腺点。瘦果倒圆锥状，长约6毫米，被稠密黄褐色的顺向贴伏的长直毛，遮盖冠毛。冠毛量杯状，高1毫米，冠毛膜片线形，边缘稀疏糙毛状，大部结合，仅上部分离。花果期6—8月。
产地分布：分布内蒙古、山西、甘肃、山东。蒙古也有分布。生于荒漠草原、草原化荒漠及荒漠地带石质戈壁、砂质山地，海拔500—2200米。模式标本采自蒙古。
参考文献：EehinopsprzewalskiiIljininNot．Syst．Herb．Hort．Petrop4：108，1923：S．Y．HuinQuan．Journ．TaiwanMus．19：240，1966；ShihinBull．Bot．Lab．North．—EasternForest．Inst，5：64，1979；H．Ch．FulnFe．Intramong．6：190，1982——Echinopsalbicaulisauct．NonKar．EtKir．：LinginContr．Inst．Bot．Nat．Acad．Peip3：131，1935——-Echinopsdahuricusauct．NonFisch．：LinginContr．Inst.Bot．Nat．Acad．PoiP．3：130，1935，p．P．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Echinops przewalskyi Iljin Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 108. 1923.
火烙草 huo lao cao
Herbs 15-40 cm tall, perennial. Stems solitary or tufted, unbranched or 1-3-branched, cobwebby to lanate. Leaves leathery, abaxially whitish to grayish white and densely cobwebby to thickly lanate, adaxially green to yellowish green and sparsely cobwebby, margin and apex spiny. Basal and lower cauline leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 10-20 × 2-8 cm, bipinnatipartite or subbipinnatisect, with 5-8 pairs of segments and a triangular ultimate lobe. Middle and upper cauline leaves sessile, gradually smaller upward, pinnatipartite, semiamplexicaul. Pseudocephalia 1 to few, ± corymbose, 5-5.5 cm in diam. Capitula ca. 1.8 cm. Phyllaries 16-20, abaxially glabrous; outermost phyllaries oblanceolate, to 8 mm, unequal in length, at least 1/2 as long as involucre, claw margin sparsely long ciliate, distal portion broadly elliptic, cartilaginous, margin sparsely shortly ciliate, and apex acuminate; middle phyllaries oblanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm, margin long appressed ciliate, apex narrowed into an awn; inner phyllaries similar but longer. Corolla white or bluish, outside gland-dotted, tube ca. 5 mm. Achene ca. 6 mm, hairs yellowish. Pappus scales linear, mostly ca. 1 mm, connate almost entirely. Fl. and fr. Jun-Aug.
● Sandy mountainous regions, desert steppes; 500-2200 m. C Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, SE Shandong, Shanxi, N Xinjiang.
Although C. Shih and Y. Ling (FRPS 78(1): 6. 1987) indicated that Echinops przewalskyi occurs in Mongolia, the species was not included among the Echinops in Mongolia by V. I. Grubov (Key Vascular Pl. Mongolia 2: 665-666. 2001).Although C. Shih and Y. Ling (FRPS 78(1): 6. 1987) indicated that Echinops przewalskyi occurs in Mongolia, the species was not included among the Echinops in Mongolia by V. I. Grubov (Key Vascular Pl. Mongolia 2: 665-666. 2001).