栏目

驴欺口Echinops latifolius Tausch.

驴欺口Echinops latifolius Tausch.

别名:火绒草;鬼油麻;单洲漏芦;单州漏卢;火绒球花;蓝刺头;野兰;刺葛;扎日-乌拉;兰刺莱;乌尔格斯图-呼和;和尚头;单州漏芦;球花漏卢;火球花;八里花;火绒根子;火绒球草;八里麻;宽叶蓝刺头;兰刺头;球花漏芦;禹州漏芦;扎日阿-敖拉;追骨风;狼头花;漏芦;

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:蓝刺头属 Echinops

《中国植物志》第78(1)卷010页
  7.驴欺口(辽宁)蓝刺头(东北植物检索表)图版1:1-2;图版4:1
  Echinops latifolius Tausch. in Flora 11: 486, 1828; Kitag. in Rep. First. S6. Exped. Manch 4 (2): 119, 1935; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B. 13:16, 1937, p. p.; 东北植物检索表, 414, 1959; Borr. in Fl. URSS 27: 44, 1962; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 239, 1966, p. p.;中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 599, 1975; Shih in Bull. Bot. Lab. North.-Eastern Forest. Inst. 5: 67, 1979; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 185, 1982——E. dahuricus Fisch., Cat. Hort. Gorenk. ed 2. 2: 37, 1812, nom. nud.: DC., Prodr. 6: 523, 1837; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 6: 55 (Pl. David. 1: 176, 1884) 1883; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn, Soc. Bot. 23: 459, 1888, p. p.; Pall. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 21: 230, 1903;Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 130, 1935, p. p. et 6: 65, 1949; Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 76, 1935——E. dahuricus Fisch. var. larilobus DC., Prodr. 6: 523, 1837——E. dahuricus Fisch. var. angustilobus DC., Prodr. 6: 523, 1837——Sphaeracephalus dahuricus (Fisch.) O. Ktze ex Kom. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 713: 1907——E. gmelini auct. non Turcz. : Trautv., Diss. Echin. 16, 1833; Ldb., Fl. Alt. 4: 45, 1833 et Fl. Ross. 2: 653, 1845-1846——E. pseudoselifer auct non Kitag.: 东北植物检索表, 414, 1959 Echinops caule subunifloro......Gmel. Fl. Sib. 2: 100, 1749.
  多年生草本,高30-60厘米。茎直立,基部有残存的纤维状撕裂的褐色叶柄,下部被稀疏的蛛丝状绵毛或无毛,向上及接复头状花序下部灰白色,被稠密或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛,不分枝或基部有1-2个短的花序分枝。基生叶与下部茎叶椭圆形、长椭圆形或披针状椭圆形,长15-20厘米,宽8-15厘米或更大,长达35厘米,宽达18厘米,通常有长叶柄,柄基扩大贴茎或半抱茎,二回羽状分裂,一回为深裂或几全裂,一回侧裂片4-8对,披针形、椭圆形、披针状椭圆形或宽卵形,中部侧裂片较大,向上向下渐小,二回为深裂或浅裂,二回裂片长椭圆形、斜三角形或披针形,顶端针刺状长渐尖,边缘少数三角形刺齿或通常无刺齿。中上部茎叶与基生叶及下部茎叶同形并近等样分裂。上部茎叶羽状半裂或浅裂,无柄,基部扩大抱茎。全部茎叶质地薄,纸质,两面异色,上面绿色,无毛或被稀疏蛛丝毛,下面灰白色,被密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。复头状花序单生茎顶或茎生2-3个复头状花序,直径3-5.5厘米。头状花序长1.9厘米。基毛白色,不等长,扁毛状,长约7毫米,长为总苞长度的2/5。总苞片14-17个,外层苞片稍长于基毛,线状倒披针形,上部菱形或椭圆形扩大,边缘有长缘毛,顶端短渐尖;中层倒披针形,长1-1.3厘米,自最宽处向上突然收窄成针刺状长渐尖,边缘有稀疏短缘毛;内层长椭圆形,长1.5厘米,上部边缘有短缘毛,顶端刺芒状渐尖。全部苞片外面无毛。小花蓝色,花冠裂片线形,花冠管上部有多数腺点。瘦果长7毫米,被稠密的顺向贴伏的淡黄色长直毛,遮盖冠毛。冠毛量杯状,长1.2毫米,冠毛膜片线形,边缘糙毛状,中部以下结合 花果期6-9月。
  分布我国东北、内蒙古、甘肃(东部)、宁夏,河北、山西及陕西。生于山坡草地及山坡疏林下,海拔120-2200米。蒙古、苏联东西伯利亚地区有分布。模式标本采自苏联贝加尔地区。
  本种分布广,变化大。河北内邱、涉县、赞皇以及山西昔阳的植株,发育粗壮,叶极大,长达35厘米,宽达18厘米,上面无毛,似乎可以视为一类非常均整一致的地理类型。陕西太白山是本种分布的南界。本种原中名称蓝刺头,显然不宜。蓝刺头应该是本属模式种的中文名称。
形态特征:多年生草本,高30一60厘米。茎直立,基部有残存的纤维状撕裂的褐色叶柄,下部被稀疏的蛛丝状绵毛或无毛,向上及接复头状花序下部灰白色,被稠密或密厚的蛛丝状绵毛,不分枝或基部有1—2个短的花序分枝。基生叶与下部茎叶椭圆形、长椭圆形或披针状椭圆形,长15—20厘米,宽8—15厘米或更大,长达35厘米,宽达18厘米,通常有长叶柄,柄基扩大贴茎或半抱茎,二回羽状分裂,一回为深裂或几全裂,一回侧裂片4—8对,披针形、椭圆形、披针状椭圆形或宽卵形,中部侧裂片较大,向上向下渐小,二回为深裂或浅裂,二回裂片长椭圆形、斜三角形或披针形,顶端针刺状长渐尖,边缘少数三角形刺齿或通常无刺齿。中上部茎叶与基生叶及下部茎叶同形并近等样分裂。上部茎叶羽状半裂或浅裂,无柄,基部扩大抱茎。全部茎叶质地薄,纸质,两面异色,上面绿色,无毛或被稀疏蛛丝毛,下面灰白色,被密厚的蛛丝状绵毛。复头状花序单生茎顶或茎生2—3个复头状花序,直径3—5.5厘米。头状花序长1.9厘米。基毛白色,不等长,扁毛状,长约7毫米,长为总苞长度的2/5。总苞片14—17个,外层苞片稍长于基毛,线状倒披针形,上部菱形或椭圆形扩大,边缘有长缘毛,顶端短渐尖;中层倒披针形,长1一1.3厘米,自最宽处向上突然收窄成针刺状长渐尖,边缘有稀疏短缘毛;内层长椭圆形,长1.5厘米,上部边缘有短缘毛,顶端刺芒状渐尖。全部苞片外面无毛。小花蓝色,花冠裂片线形,花冠管上部有多数腺点。瘦果长7毫米,被稠密的顺向贴伏的淡黄色长直毛,遮盖冠毛。冠毛量杯状,长1.2毫米,冠毛膜片线形,边缘糙毛状,中部以下结合花果期6一9月。
产地分布:分布我国东北、内蒙古、甘肃(东部)、宁夏,河北、山西及陕西。生于山坡草地及山坡疏林下,海拔120—2200米。蒙古、苏联东西伯利亚地区有分布。模式标本采自苏联贝加尔地区。
本种提示:本种分布广,变化大。河北内邱、涉县、赞皇以及山西昔阳的植株,发育粗壮,叶极大,长达35厘米,宽达18厘米,上面无毛,似乎可以视为一类非常均整一致的地理类型。陕西太白山是本种分布的南界。本种原中名称蓝刺头,显然不宜。蓝刺头应该是本属模式种的中文名称。
参考文献:EchinopslatifoliusTausch,inFlora11:486,1828;Kitag。InRep·First.Sci.Exped.Manch4(2):119,1935;Kkam.InMem.Coil.Sci.Kyotolmp.Univ.Ser-B.13:16,1937,P,P.;东北植物检索表,414,1959;Bobr.InF1.URSS27:44,1962;S.Y.HuinQuart.Joum。TaiwanMus.19:239,1966,P.P.;中国高等植物图鉴,4:599,1975;ShihinBull.Bot.Lab.North.—EasternForest。Inst.5:67,1979;H.Ch。FuinFl.Intramong.6:185,1982——E.DahuricusFisch·,Cat.Hort.Gorenk.Ed2.2:37,1812,Flora.Hud.;DC·,Prodr。6:523,1837;Franch.InNouv.Arch.Mus.Hist。Nat.Paris6:55(P1.David.1:176,1884)1883;ForbesetHemsl。InJourn.Linn。Soc.Bot.23:459,1888,p·p.;Pall.InAct.Hort.Petrop·21:230,1903;LinginContr。Inst.Bot.Nat.Acad。Peip.3:130,1g35,P.P.Et6:65,1949;CheninBull.FaaMere。Inst。Bio1.Bot.5:76,1935——E.Dahuricu;Fisch.Var.1atilobusDC·,Prodr.6:523,1837----E.Dahm·icusFisch.Var.AngustilobusDC·,Prodr.6:523,1837——Sphaeraaephalusdahuricus(Fisch.)O.KtzeexKom。InAct。Hort.Pctrop.25:713:1907--E.Gmcliniauct.NonTurcz.:Trautv.,Diss.Echin.16,1833;Ldb·,Pl。Alt.4:45,1833etF1.Ross.2:653,1845—1846——E.PseudosetiferauctnonKitag.:东北植物检索表,414,1959Echinopscaulesubunifloro……Gmel.F1.Sib,2:100,1749.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Echinops davuricus  Fischer ex Hornemann Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 105. 1819.
驴欺口   lü qi kou
Echinops davuricus var. angustilobus Candolle; E. davuricus var. latilobus Candolle; E. latifolius Tausch; E. latifolius var. manshuricus (Kitagawa) C. Y. Li; E. manshuricus Kitagawa.
Herbs 30-60 cm tall, perennial. Stems grayish white, unbranched or with 1 or 2 short branches, with fibrous petiole remains at base, sparsely cobwebby to lanate or glabrous in lower part, densely cobwebby to thickly lanate below synflorescences. Leaves papery, abaxially grayish white and densely cobwebby to thickly lanate, adaxially green and glabrous or sparsely cobwebby. Basal and cauline leaves long petiolate; leaf blade ± narrowly elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 15-35 × 8-18 cm, bipinnatipartite, semiamplexicaul; segments 4-8 pairs; lobes entire or with few triangular spiny teeth, apex long acuminate. Uppermost cauline leaves sessile, pinnately lobed or pinnatifid, semiamplexicaul. Pseudocephalia 1-3, 3-5.5 cm in diam. Capitula ca. 1.9 cm. Phyllaries 14-17, abaxially glabrous; outermost phyllaries scalelike, oblanceolate, ca. 7 mm, ca. 2/5 as long as involucre, distal portion broadly rhombic to elliptic, margin long ciliate, and apex shortly acuminate; middle phyllaries oblanceolate, 1-1.3 cm, margin sparsely shortly ciliate, abruptly constricted from maximum width into a long spiny tip; inner phyllaries narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.5 cm, distal portion of margin shortly ciliate, apex spinulose acuminate. Corolla blue, tube outside gland-dotted. Achene ca. 7 mm. Pappus scales linear, ca. 1.2 mm, proximal half connate. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep.
Grasslands, open forests; 100-2200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].
Fischer’s "Echinops dauricus" of 1812, a nomen nudum, was published twice independently in the same year, by Hornemann with the spelling "davuricus" and by Treviranus (Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Wratislav., App. 1: 2. 1819) as "dahuricus." We treat these two names as published simultaneously and give precedence to the former.Fischer’s "Echinops dauricus" of 1812, a nomen nudum, was published twice independently in the same year, by Hornemann with the spelling "davuricus" and by Treviranus (Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Wratislav., App. 1: 2. 1819) as "dahuricus." We treat these two names as published simultaneously and give precedence to the former.

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