云南紫菀Aster yunnanensis Franch.
云南紫菀Aster yunnanensis Franch.
85. 云南紫菀 图版61：7-12
Aster yunnanensis Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 10: 375. 1896.
多年生草本；根状茎稍细。茎直立，单生或与莲座状叶丛丛生，高30-40稀达70厘米，粗壮，下部为枯叶残存的纤维状鞘所包围，被开展或上部被卷曲的短柔毛，上部杂有具柄的腺毛，不分枝或中部以上有2-8个花枝，上部有疏生的叶，基部叶在花期枯萎，下部叶及莲座状叶长圆形，倒披针状或匙状长圆形，长7-15厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，下部渐狭成具翅而基部鞘状的柄或下部叶无柄，全缘或有小尖头状齿或疏齿，顶端尖或钝；中部叶渐短，长圆形，基部圆形，心形或有圆耳，半抱茎，长10-18厘米，宽2.5-4厘米；上部叶小，卵圆形或线形，尖或渐尖；全部叶上面被疏毛，有腺，中脉在下面凸起，离基三出脉和侧脉显明。头状花序径4-8.5厘米，在茎和枝端单生。总苞半球形，径1.5-2.5厘米；总苞片2层，卵圆状或线状披针形，长10-15毫米，宽0.8-4稀5毫米，顶端尖或急尖，深绿色，下部密生长柔毛，上部被疏毛和深色腺毛，边缘狭膜质。舌状花80-120个，管部长1.6-2毫米；舌片蓝色或浅蓝色，长20-30毫米，宽1-2.5毫米，下部较狭；管状花长约7毫米，上部黄色，管部长1.8-2毫米，裂片长1-1.2毫米；花柱附片长0.7毫米。冠毛2层，外层极短，白色，膜片状，内层长6-7毫米，有多数白色或带黄色微糙毛。瘦果长圆形，长达3厘米，被绢毛，上部有黄色腺点，有4肋。花期7-9月；果期9-10月。
产于甘肃、青海、四川、云南及西藏东部和南部。
此种与重冠紫菀 (A. diplostephioides C. B. Clarke.) 接近，但茎有分枝，稀不分枝，总苞片通常较宽，稀稍狭，管状花在开放前同样黄色。此种从总苞片的宽狭和毛茸的差异可分为下列各变种。
形态特征：多年生草本；根状茎稍细。茎直立，单生或与莲座状叶丛丛生，高30—40稀达70厘米，粗壮，下部为枯叶残存的纤维状鞘所包围，被开展或上部被卷曲的短柔毛，上部杂有具柄的腺毛，不分枝或中部以上有2—8个花枝，上部有疏生的叶，基部叶在花期枯萎，下部叶及莲座状叶长圆形，倒披针状或匙状长圆形，长7—15厘米，宽1．5—3厘米，下部渐狭成具翅而基部鞘：吠的柄或下部叶无柄，全缘或有小尖头状齿或疏齿，顶端尖或钝；中部叶渐短，长圆形，基部圆形，心形或有圆耳，半抱茎，长10—18厘米，宽2．5—4厘米；上部叶小，卵圆形或线形，尖或渐尖；全部叶上面被疏毛，有腺，中脉在下面凸起，离基三出脉和侧脉显明。头状花序径4—8．5厘米，在茎和枝端单生。总苞半球形，径1.5—2．5厘米；总苞片2层，卵圆状或线状披针形，长10—15毫米，宽0．8—4稀5毫米，顶端尖或急尖，深绿色，下部密生长柔毛，上部被疏毛和深色腺毛，边缘狭膜质。舌状花80一120个，管部长1．6—2毫米；舌片蓝色或浅蓝色，长20—30毫米，宽1—2．5毫米，下部较狭；管状花长约7毫米，上部黄色，管部长1．8—2毫米，裂片长1一1．2毫米；花柱附片长0．7毫米。冠毛2层，外层极短，白色，膜片状，内层长6—7毫米，有多数白色或带黄色微糙毛。瘦果长圆形，长达3厘米，被绢毛，上部有黄色腺点，有4肋。花期7—9月；果期9一10月。
产地分布：产于甘肃、青海、四川、云南及西藏东部和南部。
本种提示：此种与重冠紫菀(A．DiplostephioidesC。B．Clarke．)接近，但茎有分枝，稀不分枝，总苞片通常较宽，稀稍狭，管状花在开放前同样黄色。此种从总苞片的宽狭和毛茸的差异可分为下列各变种。
参考文献：Aster yunnanensis Franch．In Journ．De Bot．10：375．1896．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster yunnanensis Franchet J. Bot. (Morot). 10: 375. 1896.
云南紫菀 yun nan zi wan
Herbs, perennial, 30-75 cm tall, often caespitose; rhizomes robust, branched; roots long, thick, collar clad with marcescent leaf bases. Stems erect, simple or branched, sparsely to sometimes moderately villous, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, leafy. Leaves basal and cauline; cauline leaves gradually reduced, abaxially sparsely villous or glabrous, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially sparsely villosulous or sometimes villous, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, margin entire or serrate to serrulate, sparsely to moderately villosulous-ciliate, densely minutely stipitate glandular, midvein abaxially prominent, veins conspicuous; basal leaves withered at anthesis; basal and lower cauline leaves ± broadly winged petiolate (petiole to 6 cm) or lower leaves sessile; blade ovate to oblanceolate, (5-)7-18 × 1-4 cm, base attenuate, apex acute to obtuse; middle cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate or oblong to oblanceolate, 5-16 × 0.8-6 cm, base rounded or cordate to auriculate, semiamplexicaul, apex acute, sometimes obtuse. Capitula terminal, solitary or 2-9 in lax corymbiform synflorescences, 4-8.5 cm in diam.; peduncles 4-16 cm, sparsely to moderately villous, densely minutely stipitate glandular. Involucres hemispheric, 1.5-2.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries 3-seriate, subequal, ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 10-16 × 0.8-4(-5) mm, densely white villous basally and glabrate above or sparsely villous distally, or sparsely villous along veins, or glabrate, moderately to densely minutely purple stipitate glandular, membranous, margin narrowly scarious, erose, purple, distally ciliate, multiveined, apex acute to acuminate, purple-tipped. Ray florets 65-125, pale purple to purple-blue, tube apex and lamina base minutely stipitate glandular, tube 1.6-2 mm, lamina linear, 20-30 × 1-2.5 mm, glabrous; disk florets yellow to orange, 5-5.6 mm, tube 1.8-2 mm, tube apex and base of limb minutely stipitate glandular, limb narrowly funnelform, ca. 3.5 mm, lobes erect, triangular, 1-1.2 mm. Achenes (immature) narrowly obovoid, compressed, 3-4 mm, sparsely strigillose, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular distally, 4-ribbed. Pappus 3-seriate; outermost series of broad scales 1-1.2 mm, white or straw-colored; bristles barbellate; inner bristles acute; innermost bristles ca. 6.5 mm, weakly clavate. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct.
● Alpine and subalpine grasslands or meadows, forest margins, slopes, seepage areas, cutover mixed forests, scrub, pastures; 2300-4500 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, E and S Xizang, Yunnan.
Aster yunnanensis is closely related to A. diplostephioides but differs in having usually branched stems, usually broader phyllaries (rarely somewhat narrow), and disk florets apically yellow, not purple. Based on variations in width and indumentum of the phyllaries, this species can be divided into the following varieties. Grierson (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 67-163. 1964) did not segregate A. yunnanensis var. angustior and A. yunnanensis var. labrangensis.Aster yunnanensis is closely related to A. diplostephioides but differs in having usually branched stems, usually broader phyllaries (rarely somewhat narrow), and disk florets apically yellow, not purple. Based on variations in width and indumentum of the phyllaries, this species can be divided into the following varieties. Grierson (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 67-163. 1964) did not segregate A. yunnanensis var. angustior and A. yunnanensis var. labrangensis.
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：紫菀属 Aster
85. 云南紫菀 图版61：7-12
Aster yunnanensis Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 10: 375. 1896.
多年生草本；根状茎稍细。茎直立，单生或与莲座状叶丛丛生，高30-40稀达70厘米，粗壮，下部为枯叶残存的纤维状鞘所包围，被开展或上部被卷曲的短柔毛，上部杂有具柄的腺毛，不分枝或中部以上有2-8个花枝，上部有疏生的叶，基部叶在花期枯萎，下部叶及莲座状叶长圆形，倒披针状或匙状长圆形，长7-15厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，下部渐狭成具翅而基部鞘状的柄或下部叶无柄，全缘或有小尖头状齿或疏齿，顶端尖或钝；中部叶渐短，长圆形，基部圆形，心形或有圆耳，半抱茎，长10-18厘米，宽2.5-4厘米；上部叶小，卵圆形或线形，尖或渐尖；全部叶上面被疏毛，有腺，中脉在下面凸起，离基三出脉和侧脉显明。头状花序径4-8.5厘米，在茎和枝端单生。总苞半球形，径1.5-2.5厘米；总苞片2层，卵圆状或线状披针形，长10-15毫米，宽0.8-4稀5毫米，顶端尖或急尖，深绿色，下部密生长柔毛，上部被疏毛和深色腺毛，边缘狭膜质。舌状花80-120个，管部长1.6-2毫米；舌片蓝色或浅蓝色，长20-30毫米，宽1-2.5毫米，下部较狭；管状花长约7毫米，上部黄色，管部长1.8-2毫米，裂片长1-1.2毫米；花柱附片长0.7毫米。冠毛2层，外层极短，白色，膜片状，内层长6-7毫米，有多数白色或带黄色微糙毛。瘦果长圆形，长达3厘米，被绢毛，上部有黄色腺点，有4肋。花期7-9月；果期9-10月。
产于甘肃、青海、四川、云南及西藏东部和南部。
此种与重冠紫菀 (A. diplostephioides C. B. Clarke.) 接近，但茎有分枝，稀不分枝，总苞片通常较宽，稀稍狭，管状花在开放前同样黄色。此种从总苞片的宽狭和毛茸的差异可分为下列各变种。
形态特征：多年生草本；根状茎稍细。茎直立，单生或与莲座状叶丛丛生，高30—40稀达70厘米，粗壮，下部为枯叶残存的纤维状鞘所包围，被开展或上部被卷曲的短柔毛，上部杂有具柄的腺毛，不分枝或中部以上有2—8个花枝，上部有疏生的叶，基部叶在花期枯萎，下部叶及莲座状叶长圆形，倒披针状或匙状长圆形，长7—15厘米，宽1．5—3厘米，下部渐狭成具翅而基部鞘：吠的柄或下部叶无柄，全缘或有小尖头状齿或疏齿，顶端尖或钝；中部叶渐短，长圆形，基部圆形，心形或有圆耳，半抱茎，长10—18厘米，宽2．5—4厘米；上部叶小，卵圆形或线形，尖或渐尖；全部叶上面被疏毛，有腺，中脉在下面凸起，离基三出脉和侧脉显明。头状花序径4—8．5厘米，在茎和枝端单生。总苞半球形，径1.5—2．5厘米；总苞片2层，卵圆状或线状披针形，长10—15毫米，宽0．8—4稀5毫米，顶端尖或急尖，深绿色，下部密生长柔毛，上部被疏毛和深色腺毛，边缘狭膜质。舌状花80一120个，管部长1．6—2毫米；舌片蓝色或浅蓝色，长20—30毫米，宽1—2．5毫米，下部较狭；管状花长约7毫米，上部黄色，管部长1．8—2毫米，裂片长1一1．2毫米；花柱附片长0．7毫米。冠毛2层，外层极短，白色，膜片状，内层长6—7毫米，有多数白色或带黄色微糙毛。瘦果长圆形，长达3厘米，被绢毛，上部有黄色腺点，有4肋。花期7—9月；果期9一10月。
产地分布：产于甘肃、青海、四川、云南及西藏东部和南部。
本种提示：此种与重冠紫菀(A．DiplostephioidesC。B．Clarke．)接近，但茎有分枝，稀不分枝，总苞片通常较宽，稀稍狭，管状花在开放前同样黄色。此种从总苞片的宽狭和毛茸的差异可分为下列各变种。
参考文献：Aster yunnanensis Franch．In Journ．De Bot．10：375．1896．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster yunnanensis Franchet J. Bot. (Morot). 10: 375. 1896.
云南紫菀 yun nan zi wan
Herbs, perennial, 30-75 cm tall, often caespitose; rhizomes robust, branched; roots long, thick, collar clad with marcescent leaf bases. Stems erect, simple or branched, sparsely to sometimes moderately villous, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, leafy. Leaves basal and cauline; cauline leaves gradually reduced, abaxially sparsely villous or glabrous, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially sparsely villosulous or sometimes villous, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, margin entire or serrate to serrulate, sparsely to moderately villosulous-ciliate, densely minutely stipitate glandular, midvein abaxially prominent, veins conspicuous; basal leaves withered at anthesis; basal and lower cauline leaves ± broadly winged petiolate (petiole to 6 cm) or lower leaves sessile; blade ovate to oblanceolate, (5-)7-18 × 1-4 cm, base attenuate, apex acute to obtuse; middle cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate or oblong to oblanceolate, 5-16 × 0.8-6 cm, base rounded or cordate to auriculate, semiamplexicaul, apex acute, sometimes obtuse. Capitula terminal, solitary or 2-9 in lax corymbiform synflorescences, 4-8.5 cm in diam.; peduncles 4-16 cm, sparsely to moderately villous, densely minutely stipitate glandular. Involucres hemispheric, 1.5-2.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries 3-seriate, subequal, ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 10-16 × 0.8-4(-5) mm, densely white villous basally and glabrate above or sparsely villous distally, or sparsely villous along veins, or glabrate, moderately to densely minutely purple stipitate glandular, membranous, margin narrowly scarious, erose, purple, distally ciliate, multiveined, apex acute to acuminate, purple-tipped. Ray florets 65-125, pale purple to purple-blue, tube apex and lamina base minutely stipitate glandular, tube 1.6-2 mm, lamina linear, 20-30 × 1-2.5 mm, glabrous; disk florets yellow to orange, 5-5.6 mm, tube 1.8-2 mm, tube apex and base of limb minutely stipitate glandular, limb narrowly funnelform, ca. 3.5 mm, lobes erect, triangular, 1-1.2 mm. Achenes (immature) narrowly obovoid, compressed, 3-4 mm, sparsely strigillose, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular distally, 4-ribbed. Pappus 3-seriate; outermost series of broad scales 1-1.2 mm, white or straw-colored; bristles barbellate; inner bristles acute; innermost bristles ca. 6.5 mm, weakly clavate. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct.
● Alpine and subalpine grasslands or meadows, forest margins, slopes, seepage areas, cutover mixed forests, scrub, pastures; 2300-4500 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, E and S Xizang, Yunnan.
Aster yunnanensis is closely related to A. diplostephioides but differs in having usually branched stems, usually broader phyllaries (rarely somewhat narrow), and disk florets apically yellow, not purple. Based on variations in width and indumentum of the phyllaries, this species can be divided into the following varieties. Grierson (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 67-163. 1964) did not segregate A. yunnanensis var. angustior and A. yunnanensis var. labrangensis.Aster yunnanensis is closely related to A. diplostephioides but differs in having usually branched stems, usually broader phyllaries (rarely somewhat narrow), and disk florets apically yellow, not purple. Based on variations in width and indumentum of the phyllaries, this species can be divided into the following varieties. Grierson (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 67-163. 1964) did not segregate A. yunnanensis var. angustior and A. yunnanensis var. labrangensis.