甘川紫菀Aster smithianus Hand.-Mazz.
甘川紫菀Aster smithianus Hand.-Mazz.
17. 甘川紫菀 图版43：1-4
Aster smithianus Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 216. 1938. ——Kalimeris smithiana (Hand. -Mazz.) S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20: 18. 1969.
木质草本或亚灌木。茎直立，高60-150厘米，多分枝，下部粗壮，有浅沟，灰紫褐色，被多少贴伏的微柔毛，下部有较密的叶和发育的腋芽。下部叶在花期枯落；中部叶狭卵圆形或披针形，长5-10厘米，宽1-2厘米，基部狭或近圆形，顶端尖，全缘稀中部以上有浅锯齿，上部叶渐小，卵圆状或线状披针形；全部叶两面被极密而稍贴伏的微柔毛，下面有腺点，且常在脉上被粗毛，中脉在下面凸起，离基三出脉2-4对细侧脉。头状花序多数，径1.5-2.5厘米，排列成伞房状，花序梗长达4厘米，有渐转为总苞片的苞叶。总苞半球形，长4-6毫米，宽6-9毫米；总苞片2-3层，外层长圆状或匙状线形，长约3.5毫米，宽几达1毫米，顶端钝或尖，草质，密被微柔毛，内层卵圆披针形，下部革质，长4.5-5毫米，宽1.2毫米，上部被密微毛，常有短缘毛。舌状花约30个，管部长1.5毫米，舌片白色或浅紫红色，长6-10毫米，宽1-2毫米。管状花长约4毫米，管部长1毫米，裂片长约1毫米，外面常有疏短毛；花柱附片长0.5毫米。冠毛白色或稍红色，有少数约与花冠管部等长的微糙毛，舌状花常无冠毛。瘦果倒卵圆形，黑色稍扁，长2-2.5毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，一面有肋，被密伏毛。花期8-10月；果期9-10月。
产于甘肃南部（迭部、白水江）、四川西部（康定、大金等）及云南西北部（德钦）。生于低山及亚高山沟坡草地和石砾河岸。海拔1350-3400米。
此种由于具木质多枝的茎，被密微柔毛的茎和叶，短而较少的冠毛及舌状花常无冠毛等特征，极易与本属的其他种区别。此种的变种 var. pilosior Hand. -Mazz. 也常有不具冠毛的舌状花。但叶形与毛茸与此种有基本区别，应并入长梗紫菀 (A. dolichopodus Ling) 中。
形态特征：木质草本或亚灌木。茎直立，高60—150厘米，多分枝，下部粗壮，有浅沟，灰紫褐色，被多少贴伏的微柔毛，下部有较密的叶和发育的腋芽。下部叶在花期枯落；中部叶狭卵圆形或披针形，长5—10厘米，宽l一2厘米，基部狭或近圆形，顶端尖，全缘稀中，部以上有浅锯齿，上部叶渐小，卵圆状或线状披针形；全部叶两面被极密而稍贴伏的微柔毛，下面有腺点，且常在脉上被粗毛，中脉在下面凸起，离基三出脉2—4对细侧脉。头状花序多数，径1．5—2．5厘米，排列成伞房状，花序梗长达4厘米，有渐转为总苞片的苞叶。总苞半球形，长4—6毫米，宽6—9毫米；总苞片2—3层，外层长圆状或匙状线形，长约3.5毫米，宽几达1毫米，顶端钝或尖，草质，密被微柔毛，内层卵圆披针形，下部革质，长4．5—5毫米，宽1.2毫米，上部被密微毛，常有短缘毛。舌状花约30个，管部长1．5毫米，舌片白色或浅紫红色，长6—10毫米，宽1—2毫米。管状花长约4毫米，管部长1毫米，裂片长约1毫米，外面常有疏短毛；花柱附片长0.5毫米。冠毛白色或稍红色，有少数约与花冠管部等长的微糙毛，舌状花常无冠毛。瘦果倒卵圆形，黑色稍扁，长2—2.5毫米，宽1—1．5毫米，一面有肋，被密伏毛。花期8—10月；果期9—10月。
产地分布：产于甘肃南部(迭部、白水江)、四川西部(康定、大金等)及云南西北部(德钦)。生于低山及亚高山沟坡草地和石砾河岸。海拔1350—3400米。
本种提示：此种由于具木质多枝的茎，被密微柔毛的茎和叶，短而较少的冠毛及舌状花常无冠毛等特征，极易与本属的其他种区别。此种的变种var·pilosiorHand．·biazz．也常有不具冠毛的舌状花。但叶形与毛茸与此种有基本区别，应并入长梗紫菀(A．DolichopodusLing)中。
参考文献：AstersmithianusHand．—Mazz．InAct．Hort。Gothob，12：216．1938．——Kalimerissmithiana(Hand，·Mazz．)S．Y．HuinQuart．Journ．TaiwanMus．20：18．1969·
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster smithianus Handel-Mazzetti Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 216. 1938.
甘川紫菀 gan chuan zi wan
Aster smithianus var. pilosior Handel-Mazzetti; Kalimeris smithiana (Handel-Mazzetti) S. Y. Hu.
Subshrubs or herbs (woody), perennial, 60-150 cm tall, rhizomatous. Stems erect, simple or branched, shallowly striate, villosulous, minutely stipitate glandular, resinous. Leaves cauline, gradually reduced upward, abaxially silvery green, adaxially green, abaxially villosulous-strigillose, veins villosulous, sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially scabridulous, resinous, base attenuate, margin entire, sometimes shortly serrate, strigose-ciliate, midvein prominent on both surfaces, apex acute; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, shortly and narrowly winged petiolate (blade not observed); lower to upper leaves lanceolate, 4-7.5(-10) × 1-2.3 cm; synflorescence leaves lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 1.2-6 × 0.3-1.8 cm, mucronulate. Capitula 7 to numerous in terminal corymbiform synflorescences; peduncles 18-70 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose-villosulous, sparsely to moderately stipitate glandular, resinous, more densely so below capitula; bracts oblanceolate, entire, grading into phyllaries. Involucres hemispheric, 2-3 mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, unequal to subequal, abaxially sparsely to densely villosulous, more densely villosulous distally, densely minutely stipitate glandular, resinous, base hardened, slightly keeled, membranous, margin narrowly scarious, erose, ciliate, green distally, midvein prominent, translucent, sometimes faintly multiveined, inner surface shiny, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronulate; outer phyllaries lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.8-1.5 mm; middle phyllaries oblanceolate, 4-4.5 × 1-1.3 mm; inner phyllaries oblanceolate, 4-4.5 × ca. 1 mm, tip sometimes purplish. Ray florets 21-25, white or light purple, tube apex and lamina base sparsely hairy, sometimes sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, lamina 6-10 × 1.5-2 mm; disk florets yellow, ca. 3 mm, tube apex and limb base sparsely hairy, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, limb campanulate, ca. 2 mm, lobes spreading, narrowly triangular, ca. 0.7 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes dark purple, broadly obovoid, ± compressed to ± trigonous, ca. 2 mm, strigillose, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, 2- or 3-ribbed. Pappus 1-3-seriate, of few dirty white, basally flattened barbellate bristles; outermost series (always present) of scales ca. 0.1 mm; inner series of bristles ca. 0.5 mm; innermost bristles 1-1.5 mm; those of ray florets reduced in number. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Sep-Oct.
● Low mountains, subalpine grasslands, stony riverbanks; 1300-3400 m. S Gansu, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
别名：甘川紫苑;鱼秋串;川甘紫菀;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：紫菀属 Aster
17. 甘川紫菀 图版43：1-4
Aster smithianus Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 216. 1938. ——Kalimeris smithiana (Hand. -Mazz.) S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20: 18. 1969.
木质草本或亚灌木。茎直立，高60-150厘米，多分枝，下部粗壮，有浅沟，灰紫褐色，被多少贴伏的微柔毛，下部有较密的叶和发育的腋芽。下部叶在花期枯落；中部叶狭卵圆形或披针形，长5-10厘米，宽1-2厘米，基部狭或近圆形，顶端尖，全缘稀中部以上有浅锯齿，上部叶渐小，卵圆状或线状披针形；全部叶两面被极密而稍贴伏的微柔毛，下面有腺点，且常在脉上被粗毛，中脉在下面凸起，离基三出脉2-4对细侧脉。头状花序多数，径1.5-2.5厘米，排列成伞房状，花序梗长达4厘米，有渐转为总苞片的苞叶。总苞半球形，长4-6毫米，宽6-9毫米；总苞片2-3层，外层长圆状或匙状线形，长约3.5毫米，宽几达1毫米，顶端钝或尖，草质，密被微柔毛，内层卵圆披针形，下部革质，长4.5-5毫米，宽1.2毫米，上部被密微毛，常有短缘毛。舌状花约30个，管部长1.5毫米，舌片白色或浅紫红色，长6-10毫米，宽1-2毫米。管状花长约4毫米，管部长1毫米，裂片长约1毫米，外面常有疏短毛；花柱附片长0.5毫米。冠毛白色或稍红色，有少数约与花冠管部等长的微糙毛，舌状花常无冠毛。瘦果倒卵圆形，黑色稍扁，长2-2.5毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，一面有肋，被密伏毛。花期8-10月；果期9-10月。
产于甘肃南部（迭部、白水江）、四川西部（康定、大金等）及云南西北部（德钦）。生于低山及亚高山沟坡草地和石砾河岸。海拔1350-3400米。
此种由于具木质多枝的茎，被密微柔毛的茎和叶，短而较少的冠毛及舌状花常无冠毛等特征，极易与本属的其他种区别。此种的变种 var. pilosior Hand. -Mazz. 也常有不具冠毛的舌状花。但叶形与毛茸与此种有基本区别，应并入长梗紫菀 (A. dolichopodus Ling) 中。
形态特征：木质草本或亚灌木。茎直立，高60—150厘米，多分枝，下部粗壮，有浅沟，灰紫褐色，被多少贴伏的微柔毛，下部有较密的叶和发育的腋芽。下部叶在花期枯落；中部叶狭卵圆形或披针形，长5—10厘米，宽l一2厘米，基部狭或近圆形，顶端尖，全缘稀中，部以上有浅锯齿，上部叶渐小，卵圆状或线状披针形；全部叶两面被极密而稍贴伏的微柔毛，下面有腺点，且常在脉上被粗毛，中脉在下面凸起，离基三出脉2—4对细侧脉。头状花序多数，径1．5—2．5厘米，排列成伞房状，花序梗长达4厘米，有渐转为总苞片的苞叶。总苞半球形，长4—6毫米，宽6—9毫米；总苞片2—3层，外层长圆状或匙状线形，长约3.5毫米，宽几达1毫米，顶端钝或尖，草质，密被微柔毛，内层卵圆披针形，下部革质，长4．5—5毫米，宽1.2毫米，上部被密微毛，常有短缘毛。舌状花约30个，管部长1．5毫米，舌片白色或浅紫红色，长6—10毫米，宽1—2毫米。管状花长约4毫米，管部长1毫米，裂片长约1毫米，外面常有疏短毛；花柱附片长0.5毫米。冠毛白色或稍红色，有少数约与花冠管部等长的微糙毛，舌状花常无冠毛。瘦果倒卵圆形，黑色稍扁，长2—2.5毫米，宽1—1．5毫米，一面有肋，被密伏毛。花期8—10月；果期9—10月。
产地分布：产于甘肃南部(迭部、白水江)、四川西部(康定、大金等)及云南西北部(德钦)。生于低山及亚高山沟坡草地和石砾河岸。海拔1350—3400米。
本种提示：此种由于具木质多枝的茎，被密微柔毛的茎和叶，短而较少的冠毛及舌状花常无冠毛等特征，极易与本属的其他种区别。此种的变种var·pilosiorHand．·biazz．也常有不具冠毛的舌状花。但叶形与毛茸与此种有基本区别，应并入长梗紫菀(A．DolichopodusLing)中。
参考文献：AstersmithianusHand．—Mazz．InAct．Hort。Gothob，12：216．1938．——Kalimerissmithiana(Hand，·Mazz．)S．Y．HuinQuart．Journ．TaiwanMus．20：18．1969·
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster smithianus Handel-Mazzetti Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 216. 1938.
甘川紫菀 gan chuan zi wan
Aster smithianus var. pilosior Handel-Mazzetti; Kalimeris smithiana (Handel-Mazzetti) S. Y. Hu.
Subshrubs or herbs (woody), perennial, 60-150 cm tall, rhizomatous. Stems erect, simple or branched, shallowly striate, villosulous, minutely stipitate glandular, resinous. Leaves cauline, gradually reduced upward, abaxially silvery green, adaxially green, abaxially villosulous-strigillose, veins villosulous, sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially scabridulous, resinous, base attenuate, margin entire, sometimes shortly serrate, strigose-ciliate, midvein prominent on both surfaces, apex acute; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, shortly and narrowly winged petiolate (blade not observed); lower to upper leaves lanceolate, 4-7.5(-10) × 1-2.3 cm; synflorescence leaves lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 1.2-6 × 0.3-1.8 cm, mucronulate. Capitula 7 to numerous in terminal corymbiform synflorescences; peduncles 18-70 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose-villosulous, sparsely to moderately stipitate glandular, resinous, more densely so below capitula; bracts oblanceolate, entire, grading into phyllaries. Involucres hemispheric, 2-3 mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, unequal to subequal, abaxially sparsely to densely villosulous, more densely villosulous distally, densely minutely stipitate glandular, resinous, base hardened, slightly keeled, membranous, margin narrowly scarious, erose, ciliate, green distally, midvein prominent, translucent, sometimes faintly multiveined, inner surface shiny, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronulate; outer phyllaries lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.8-1.5 mm; middle phyllaries oblanceolate, 4-4.5 × 1-1.3 mm; inner phyllaries oblanceolate, 4-4.5 × ca. 1 mm, tip sometimes purplish. Ray florets 21-25, white or light purple, tube apex and lamina base sparsely hairy, sometimes sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, lamina 6-10 × 1.5-2 mm; disk florets yellow, ca. 3 mm, tube apex and limb base sparsely hairy, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, limb campanulate, ca. 2 mm, lobes spreading, narrowly triangular, ca. 0.7 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes dark purple, broadly obovoid, ± compressed to ± trigonous, ca. 2 mm, strigillose, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, 2- or 3-ribbed. Pappus 1-3-seriate, of few dirty white, basally flattened barbellate bristles; outermost series (always present) of scales ca. 0.1 mm; inner series of bristles ca. 0.5 mm; innermost bristles 1-1.5 mm; those of ray florets reduced in number. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Sep-Oct.
● Low mountains, subalpine grasslands, stony riverbanks; 1300-3400 m. S Gansu, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan.