褐毛紫菀Aster fuscescens Burr. et Franch.
褐毛紫菀Aster fuscescens Burr. et Franch.
5. 褐毛紫菀 图版40：7-12
Aster fuscescens Burr. et Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 5: 49. 1891; Griers. in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 91. 1964.
多年生草本，根状茎长。茎直立，高15-60厘米，被柔毛和具柄腺毛，下部有时脱毛，上部有分枝，基部叶在花期常枯萎，下部叶较密，有长达15厘米的柄，叶片宽卵圆形，长5-12厘米，宽2.5-10厘米，基部圆形或心形，顶端钝或急尖，边缘有具小尖头的疏或密锯齿，中部及上部叶渐小，卵圆形或披针形，有短柄或无柄，全部叶近纸质或革质，上面被疏伏毛，下面有疏柔毛，或两面近无毛而沿脉有长毛，有4-7对侧脉，基部脉接近而略呈掌状，网脉多少明显。头状花序径约3厘米，在茎和枝端排列伞房状；花序梗长1-8厘米，有线形或长圆披针形苞叶。总苞半球形，长7-9毫米，径10-15毫米；总苞片2-3层，近等长或外层稍短，线状披针形，长6-10毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，顶端长尖，被密腺毛或近无毛，内层边缘多少膜质，基部革质，有缘。舌状花20-25个，管部长1.5-2毫米，舌片蓝紫色，长8-13或近19毫米，宽1.3-2.5毫米。管状花黄色或橙色，长5.5-7.5毫米，管部长1.7-2毫米，裂片长0.7-1毫米。冠毛1层，红褐色，基部稍黄色，长5-7.5毫米，有近等长和少数极短的毛。瘦果倒卵圆形，长3-3.5毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，稍扁，褐色，除边肋外，两面或一面有肋，被腺和短毛或脱毛。花期7-10月；果期8-12月。
产于四川、云南及西藏。生于高山及亚高山草坡、灌丛边缘、石砾地及沟涧旁。海拔2900-4200米。也分布于缅甸东北部。
此植物的叶形在本属中至为特殊；瘦果、冠毛与狗舌紫菀 (A. senecioides Franch.) 比较接近。模式采于四川。有3个变种。
形态特征：多年生草本，根状茎长。茎直立，高15—60厘米，被柔毛和具柄腺毛，下部有时脱毛，上部有分枝，基部叶在花期常枯萎，下部叶较密，有长达15厘米的柄，叶片宽卵圆形，长5一12厘米，宽2．5一10厘米，基部圆形或心形，顶端钝或急尖，边缘有具小尖头的疏或密锯齿，中部及上部叶渐小，卵圆形或披针形，有短柄或无柄，全部叶近纸质或革质，上面被疏伏毛，下面有疏柔毛，或两面近无毛而沿脉有长毛，有4—7对侧脉，基部脉接近而略呈掌状，网脉多少明显。头状花序径约3厘米，在茎和枝端排列伞房状；花序梗长1一8厘米，有线形或长圆披针形苞叶。总苞半球形，长7—9毫米，径10一15毫米；总苞片2—3层，近等长或外层稍短，线状披针形，长6一10毫米，宽1．5—2毫米，顶端长尖，被密腺毛或近无毛，内层边缘多少膜质，基部革质，有缘。舌状花20—25个，管部长1．5—2毫米，舌片蓝紫色，长8—13或近19毫米，宽1．3—2．5毫米。管状花黄色或橙色，长5．5—7．5毫米，管部长1．7—2毫米，裂片长0.7一l毫米。冠毛l层，红褐色，基部稍黄色，长5—7．5毫米，有近等长和少数极短的毛。瘦果倒卵圆形，长3—3.5毫米，宽l一1．5毫米，稍扁，褐色，除边肋外，两面或一面有肋，被腺和短毛或脱毛。花期7一10月；果期8一12月。
产地分布：产于四川、云南及西藏。生于高山及亚高山草坡、灌丛边缘、石砾地及沟涧旁。海拔2900——4200米。也分布于缅甸东北部。
本种提示：此植物的叶形在本属中至为特殊；瘦果、冠毛与狗舌紫菀(A．SenecioidesFran—ch。)比较接近。模式采于四川。有3个变种。
参考文献：AsterfuscescensBurr．EtFranch．InJourn．DeBot．5：49．1891；Griers．InNot．Roy·Bot，Gard．Edinb．26：91．1964．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster fuscescens Bureau & Franchet J. Bot. (Morot). 5: 49. 1891.
褐毛紫菀 he mao zi wan
Herbs, perennial, 15-120 cm tall; rhizomes long; adjacent rosettes often present. Stems erect to ascending, simple, striate, sometimes reddish, villosulous, minutely stipitate glandular, more densely so distally. Leaves cauline, usually gradually decreasing upward, abaxially pale green or silvery green, adaxially dark green, abaxially strigillose, adaxially glabrous or glabrate, or both surfaces strigillose, villosulous on veins, abaxially sparsely to densely minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially more abundantly so marginally, margin coarsely serrate to serrate (teeth mucronate), villosulous-ciliate, veins prominent abaxially or on both surfaces, apex mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis or often present, long petiolate (petiole to 20 cm); blade broadly ovate or oblong to lanceolate, 4.5-12 × (2.5-)3.8-7(-10) cm, base cordate or rounded (or attenuate), apex rounded to obtuse; lower to upper leaves long to shortly petiolate; blade broadly to narrowly ovate or lanceolate, (3-)4-11 × (1.5-)3.2-11 cm, base rounded (or attenuate), apex obtuse to acute; synflorescence leaves shortly petiolate, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 2.7-5.5 × 0.3-2.2 cm, base rounded (attenuate), margin serrulate to entire, apex acute. Capitula 7-36 in terminal corymbiform synflorescences, ca. 3 cm in diam.; peduncles 10-80 mm, glabrate to sparsely villosulous or strigillose, densely minutely stipitate glandular; bracts linear-lanceolate, entire. Involucres broadly campanulate, 5-11 × 10-15 mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, subequal, linear-lanceolate, 7-11 × 1.3-2.5 mm, abaxially sparsely villosulous along midvein to glabrous, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular or eglandular, base sometimes hardened, margin scarious (outer phyllaries narrowly scarious), erose, purplish, villosulous-ciliate, green, midvein slightly translucent, apex acuminate, tip purplish, ciliate. Ray florets 13-21(-25), lamina purple to bluish, 7.5-13 × 2.2-3 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 7.2-7.5 mm, tube green, sparsely strigillose, eglandular, limb funnelform, 7.2-7.5 mm, lobes spreading, sometimes tip recurved, narrowly triangular, 1.5-1.7 mm, purple tinged, glabrous or sparsely strigillose apically, sparsely glandular apically. Achenes obovoid, compressed, ca. 3.5 mm, sparsely strigillose, proximally sparsely to apically moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, 4-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, of red-brown, slender, barbellate bristles; outermost bristles 0-2, ca. 0.5 mm; outer bristles many, 1.2-4 mm; inner bristles 4-5.5 mm, tapering; innermost bristles 6-9, 7-8 mm, slightly clavate. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Aug-Dec.
Alpine and subalpine meadows and grassy slopes among shrubs, bamboo-Rhododendron thickets, bamboo thickets in disturbed deciduous forests, meadows in broad-leaved evergreen forests, rocky slopes; 2700-4200 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [NE Myanmar].
Aster fuscescens is clearly divided into three varieties.Aster fuscescens is clearly divided into three varieties.
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：紫菀属 Aster
5. 褐毛紫菀 图版40：7-12
Aster fuscescens Burr. et Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 5: 49. 1891; Griers. in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 91. 1964.
多年生草本，根状茎长。茎直立，高15-60厘米，被柔毛和具柄腺毛，下部有时脱毛，上部有分枝，基部叶在花期常枯萎，下部叶较密，有长达15厘米的柄，叶片宽卵圆形，长5-12厘米，宽2.5-10厘米，基部圆形或心形，顶端钝或急尖，边缘有具小尖头的疏或密锯齿，中部及上部叶渐小，卵圆形或披针形，有短柄或无柄，全部叶近纸质或革质，上面被疏伏毛，下面有疏柔毛，或两面近无毛而沿脉有长毛，有4-7对侧脉，基部脉接近而略呈掌状，网脉多少明显。头状花序径约3厘米，在茎和枝端排列伞房状；花序梗长1-8厘米，有线形或长圆披针形苞叶。总苞半球形，长7-9毫米，径10-15毫米；总苞片2-3层，近等长或外层稍短，线状披针形，长6-10毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，顶端长尖，被密腺毛或近无毛，内层边缘多少膜质，基部革质，有缘。舌状花20-25个，管部长1.5-2毫米，舌片蓝紫色，长8-13或近19毫米，宽1.3-2.5毫米。管状花黄色或橙色，长5.5-7.5毫米，管部长1.7-2毫米，裂片长0.7-1毫米。冠毛1层，红褐色，基部稍黄色，长5-7.5毫米，有近等长和少数极短的毛。瘦果倒卵圆形，长3-3.5毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，稍扁，褐色，除边肋外，两面或一面有肋，被腺和短毛或脱毛。花期7-10月；果期8-12月。
产于四川、云南及西藏。生于高山及亚高山草坡、灌丛边缘、石砾地及沟涧旁。海拔2900-4200米。也分布于缅甸东北部。
此植物的叶形在本属中至为特殊；瘦果、冠毛与狗舌紫菀 (A. senecioides Franch.) 比较接近。模式采于四川。有3个变种。
形态特征：多年生草本，根状茎长。茎直立，高15—60厘米，被柔毛和具柄腺毛，下部有时脱毛，上部有分枝，基部叶在花期常枯萎，下部叶较密，有长达15厘米的柄，叶片宽卵圆形，长5一12厘米，宽2．5一10厘米，基部圆形或心形，顶端钝或急尖，边缘有具小尖头的疏或密锯齿，中部及上部叶渐小，卵圆形或披针形，有短柄或无柄，全部叶近纸质或革质，上面被疏伏毛，下面有疏柔毛，或两面近无毛而沿脉有长毛，有4—7对侧脉，基部脉接近而略呈掌状，网脉多少明显。头状花序径约3厘米，在茎和枝端排列伞房状；花序梗长1一8厘米，有线形或长圆披针形苞叶。总苞半球形，长7—9毫米，径10一15毫米；总苞片2—3层，近等长或外层稍短，线状披针形，长6一10毫米，宽1．5—2毫米，顶端长尖，被密腺毛或近无毛，内层边缘多少膜质，基部革质，有缘。舌状花20—25个，管部长1．5—2毫米，舌片蓝紫色，长8—13或近19毫米，宽1．3—2．5毫米。管状花黄色或橙色，长5．5—7．5毫米，管部长1．7—2毫米，裂片长0.7一l毫米。冠毛l层，红褐色，基部稍黄色，长5—7．5毫米，有近等长和少数极短的毛。瘦果倒卵圆形，长3—3.5毫米，宽l一1．5毫米，稍扁，褐色，除边肋外，两面或一面有肋，被腺和短毛或脱毛。花期7一10月；果期8一12月。
产地分布：产于四川、云南及西藏。生于高山及亚高山草坡、灌丛边缘、石砾地及沟涧旁。海拔2900——4200米。也分布于缅甸东北部。
本种提示：此植物的叶形在本属中至为特殊；瘦果、冠毛与狗舌紫菀(A．SenecioidesFran—ch。)比较接近。模式采于四川。有3个变种。
参考文献：AsterfuscescensBurr．EtFranch．InJourn．DeBot．5：49．1891；Griers．InNot．Roy·Bot，Gard．Edinb．26：91．1964．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster fuscescens Bureau & Franchet J. Bot. (Morot). 5: 49. 1891.
褐毛紫菀 he mao zi wan
Herbs, perennial, 15-120 cm tall; rhizomes long; adjacent rosettes often present. Stems erect to ascending, simple, striate, sometimes reddish, villosulous, minutely stipitate glandular, more densely so distally. Leaves cauline, usually gradually decreasing upward, abaxially pale green or silvery green, adaxially dark green, abaxially strigillose, adaxially glabrous or glabrate, or both surfaces strigillose, villosulous on veins, abaxially sparsely to densely minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially more abundantly so marginally, margin coarsely serrate to serrate (teeth mucronate), villosulous-ciliate, veins prominent abaxially or on both surfaces, apex mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis or often present, long petiolate (petiole to 20 cm); blade broadly ovate or oblong to lanceolate, 4.5-12 × (2.5-)3.8-7(-10) cm, base cordate or rounded (or attenuate), apex rounded to obtuse; lower to upper leaves long to shortly petiolate; blade broadly to narrowly ovate or lanceolate, (3-)4-11 × (1.5-)3.2-11 cm, base rounded (or attenuate), apex obtuse to acute; synflorescence leaves shortly petiolate, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 2.7-5.5 × 0.3-2.2 cm, base rounded (attenuate), margin serrulate to entire, apex acute. Capitula 7-36 in terminal corymbiform synflorescences, ca. 3 cm in diam.; peduncles 10-80 mm, glabrate to sparsely villosulous or strigillose, densely minutely stipitate glandular; bracts linear-lanceolate, entire. Involucres broadly campanulate, 5-11 × 10-15 mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, subequal, linear-lanceolate, 7-11 × 1.3-2.5 mm, abaxially sparsely villosulous along midvein to glabrous, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular or eglandular, base sometimes hardened, margin scarious (outer phyllaries narrowly scarious), erose, purplish, villosulous-ciliate, green, midvein slightly translucent, apex acuminate, tip purplish, ciliate. Ray florets 13-21(-25), lamina purple to bluish, 7.5-13 × 2.2-3 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 7.2-7.5 mm, tube green, sparsely strigillose, eglandular, limb funnelform, 7.2-7.5 mm, lobes spreading, sometimes tip recurved, narrowly triangular, 1.5-1.7 mm, purple tinged, glabrous or sparsely strigillose apically, sparsely glandular apically. Achenes obovoid, compressed, ca. 3.5 mm, sparsely strigillose, proximally sparsely to apically moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, 4-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, of red-brown, slender, barbellate bristles; outermost bristles 0-2, ca. 0.5 mm; outer bristles many, 1.2-4 mm; inner bristles 4-5.5 mm, tapering; innermost bristles 6-9, 7-8 mm, slightly clavate. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Aug-Dec.
Alpine and subalpine meadows and grassy slopes among shrubs, bamboo-Rhododendron thickets, bamboo thickets in disturbed deciduous forests, meadows in broad-leaved evergreen forests, rocky slopes; 2700-4200 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [NE Myanmar].
Aster fuscescens is clearly divided into three varieties.Aster fuscescens is clearly divided into three varieties.