镰叶紫菀Aster falcifolius Hand.-Mazz.
镰叶紫菀Aster falcifolius Hand.-Mazz.
45. 镰叶紫菀
Aster falcifolius Hand. -Mazz. in Notizbl. bot. Gart. u. Mus. Berl. -Dahk., 13: 670. 1937, et in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 89: 58, 1940; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18: 282, 1965. ——Aster brachyphyllus Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Bot, 6: 44, 1935; S. Y. Hu., l. c. 278. 1965.
多年生草本，根状茎木质，粗壮。茎直立或斜升，高30-50厘米或更高，纤细，坚挺，被疏微毛，常分枝，上部有腋生的短花枝，全部有密生的叶。下部叶在花期枯落；中部叶狭长披针形，长4-10厘米，宽0.5-1.5厘米，基部圆形或楔形，无柄或渐狭成长达2毫米的短柄，全缘或中部以上有少数具小尖头的疏锯齿，上部渐尖或镰状渐尖；上部叶狭小，线状披针形；全部叶稍有光泽，上面无毛，下面沿脉有疏短毛，有缘毛，中脉及近基三出脉在下面高起，侧脉及网脉细密而显明。头状花序径2.5-3厘米，在花枝上顶生，或腋生而有短花序梗或无梗；苞叶披针状线形，常密集且渐转变为总苞片。总苞近倒锥状，长7-10毫米，径8-12毫米；总苞片3-4层，覆瓦状排列，外层草质，披针形，长达4毫米，宽1毫米，被密微毛及缘毛；内层长约8毫米，宽约1.5毫米，有显明的3-5条纹，边缘宽膜质，有缘毛，顶端草质，稀有毛。舌状花10-20个，舌片线形，浅红紫色或白色，顶端尖或圆形，长约10毫米，宽1-2毫米，管部长3毫米，有短微毛。管状花长6-6.5毫米，管部长2-2.5毫米，裂片长0.7毫米；花柱附片长1毫米。冠毛稍红紫色，有时白色，与管状花花冠等长，有多数微糙毛，常有少数外层短毛。瘦果长圆形，长3毫米，扁，一面有肋，被微粗毛。花期8-10月，果期10-11月。
产于四川西部及西北部（宝兴、茂县、灌县等）、甘肃南部（文县）、陕西南部、湖北部（房县）。生于低山坡地、路边和溪岸。海拔800-1450米。
A. brachyphyllus Chang 的模式采于四川宝兴，后来，Handel-Mazzetti 发表湖北西的 A. falcifolius Hand. -Mazz. 并将上述的宝兴植物也鉴定为与后者同种。我们观察到湖北西部的植物除叶稍短外与 A. brachyphyllus Chang 并无区别，故应视为同物异名。Handel-Mazzetti 述及他的种在内层总苞片有三条纹，实则在同一植株，具三或五条纹的总苞片都可见到。本种在陕西的分布是新记录。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster falcifolius Handel-Mazzetti Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem. 13: 610. 1937.
镰叶紫菀 lian ye zi wan
Aster brachyphyllus C. C. Chang (1935), not (Sonder) F. Mueller (1865).
Herbs, perennial, 30-55 cm tall; rhizomes long, slender. Stems erect, simple, shortly branched in upper part, finely striate, shiny, resinous, leafy, sparsely to densely villosulous to strigillose, sparsely or densely minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves cauline, slightly reduced upward, abaxially pale green, glabrous, veins sparsely strigillose, minutely stipitate glandular in pits, adaxially green, scabridulous, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular on veins, ± resinous, margin serrate to remotely serrate, ciliate, midvein prominent abaxially, sometimes 3-veined, reticulate venation prominent, apex acuminate to falcate-acuminate, mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, shortly winged petiolate; blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.7-9 cm, base tapering; lower to upper leaves shortly petiolate (petiole to 0.3 cm); blade broadly to narrowly lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 2.7-7 × 0.6-1.7 cm, base rounded. Capitula 6-20 in terminal or axillary, racemiform synflorescences, sometimes distributed along much of stem, 2.5-3 cm in diam., sessile or peduncles 0.1-20 mm, densely strigillose, minutely stipitate glandular, resinous; bracts linear-oblanceolate, entire, sometimes crowded below head, often grading into phyllaries. Involucres campanulate, 6-8 × 8-12 mm; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, unequal, green apically, often squarrose, falcate, 0.7-1 mm wide, margin narrowly scarious, erose, ciliate (outer phyllaries) to densely villous-ciliate (inner phyllaries) distally, midvein more pronounced distally, plus 3-7 dark green striae, apex obtuse to rounded, tip purplish (sometimes whole apex purplish), eciliate, ?minutely stipitate glandular, thinly to thickly resinous; outer phyllaries lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm; middle phyllaries oblong, 4-7 mm, base hardened; inner phyllaries oblong to linear-oblong, 6-9 mm. Ray florets 30-35, white or lavender, tube apex and lamina base sparsely hairy, lamina 6-8 × 1-1.5 mm, eglandular; disk florets yellow, ca. 6 mm, tube base flared, tube apex and limb base hairy, limb campanulate, ca. 4 mm, lobes spreading, triangular, ca. 1 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes oblong, compressed, 2.7-3 mm, strigillose, sparsely stipitate glandular, 2-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, white or ± reddish, outermost slender bristles 0.4-0.8 mm; outer bristles few, slender, 2-3.5 mm; inner bristles ca. 5 mm, acute; innermost bristles ca. 5.5 mm, weakly clavate. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Slopes, roadsides, stream banks, rock outcrops; 600-1800 m. S Gansu, W Hubei, S Shaanxi, NW and W Sichuan.
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：紫菀属 Aster
45. 镰叶紫菀
Aster falcifolius Hand. -Mazz. in Notizbl. bot. Gart. u. Mus. Berl. -Dahk., 13: 670. 1937, et in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 89: 58, 1940; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18: 282, 1965. ——Aster brachyphyllus Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Bot, 6: 44, 1935; S. Y. Hu., l. c. 278. 1965.
多年生草本，根状茎木质，粗壮。茎直立或斜升，高30-50厘米或更高，纤细，坚挺，被疏微毛，常分枝，上部有腋生的短花枝，全部有密生的叶。下部叶在花期枯落；中部叶狭长披针形，长4-10厘米，宽0.5-1.5厘米，基部圆形或楔形，无柄或渐狭成长达2毫米的短柄，全缘或中部以上有少数具小尖头的疏锯齿，上部渐尖或镰状渐尖；上部叶狭小，线状披针形；全部叶稍有光泽，上面无毛，下面沿脉有疏短毛，有缘毛，中脉及近基三出脉在下面高起，侧脉及网脉细密而显明。头状花序径2.5-3厘米，在花枝上顶生，或腋生而有短花序梗或无梗；苞叶披针状线形，常密集且渐转变为总苞片。总苞近倒锥状，长7-10毫米，径8-12毫米；总苞片3-4层，覆瓦状排列，外层草质，披针形，长达4毫米，宽1毫米，被密微毛及缘毛；内层长约8毫米，宽约1.5毫米，有显明的3-5条纹，边缘宽膜质，有缘毛，顶端草质，稀有毛。舌状花10-20个，舌片线形，浅红紫色或白色，顶端尖或圆形，长约10毫米，宽1-2毫米，管部长3毫米，有短微毛。管状花长6-6.5毫米，管部长2-2.5毫米，裂片长0.7毫米；花柱附片长1毫米。冠毛稍红紫色，有时白色，与管状花花冠等长，有多数微糙毛，常有少数外层短毛。瘦果长圆形，长3毫米，扁，一面有肋，被微粗毛。花期8-10月，果期10-11月。
产于四川西部及西北部（宝兴、茂县、灌县等）、甘肃南部（文县）、陕西南部、湖北部（房县）。生于低山坡地、路边和溪岸。海拔800-1450米。
A. brachyphyllus Chang 的模式采于四川宝兴，后来，Handel-Mazzetti 发表湖北西的 A. falcifolius Hand. -Mazz. 并将上述的宝兴植物也鉴定为与后者同种。我们观察到湖北西部的植物除叶稍短外与 A. brachyphyllus Chang 并无区别，故应视为同物异名。Handel-Mazzetti 述及他的种在内层总苞片有三条纹，实则在同一植株，具三或五条纹的总苞片都可见到。本种在陕西的分布是新记录。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster falcifolius Handel-Mazzetti Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem. 13: 610. 1937.
镰叶紫菀 lian ye zi wan
Aster brachyphyllus C. C. Chang (1935), not (Sonder) F. Mueller (1865).
Herbs, perennial, 30-55 cm tall; rhizomes long, slender. Stems erect, simple, shortly branched in upper part, finely striate, shiny, resinous, leafy, sparsely to densely villosulous to strigillose, sparsely or densely minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves cauline, slightly reduced upward, abaxially pale green, glabrous, veins sparsely strigillose, minutely stipitate glandular in pits, adaxially green, scabridulous, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular on veins, ± resinous, margin serrate to remotely serrate, ciliate, midvein prominent abaxially, sometimes 3-veined, reticulate venation prominent, apex acuminate to falcate-acuminate, mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, shortly winged petiolate; blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.7-9 cm, base tapering; lower to upper leaves shortly petiolate (petiole to 0.3 cm); blade broadly to narrowly lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 2.7-7 × 0.6-1.7 cm, base rounded. Capitula 6-20 in terminal or axillary, racemiform synflorescences, sometimes distributed along much of stem, 2.5-3 cm in diam., sessile or peduncles 0.1-20 mm, densely strigillose, minutely stipitate glandular, resinous; bracts linear-oblanceolate, entire, sometimes crowded below head, often grading into phyllaries. Involucres campanulate, 6-8 × 8-12 mm; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, unequal, green apically, often squarrose, falcate, 0.7-1 mm wide, margin narrowly scarious, erose, ciliate (outer phyllaries) to densely villous-ciliate (inner phyllaries) distally, midvein more pronounced distally, plus 3-7 dark green striae, apex obtuse to rounded, tip purplish (sometimes whole apex purplish), eciliate, ?minutely stipitate glandular, thinly to thickly resinous; outer phyllaries lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm; middle phyllaries oblong, 4-7 mm, base hardened; inner phyllaries oblong to linear-oblong, 6-9 mm. Ray florets 30-35, white or lavender, tube apex and lamina base sparsely hairy, lamina 6-8 × 1-1.5 mm, eglandular; disk florets yellow, ca. 6 mm, tube base flared, tube apex and limb base hairy, limb campanulate, ca. 4 mm, lobes spreading, triangular, ca. 1 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes oblong, compressed, 2.7-3 mm, strigillose, sparsely stipitate glandular, 2-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, white or ± reddish, outermost slender bristles 0.4-0.8 mm; outer bristles few, slender, 2-3.5 mm; inner bristles ca. 5 mm, acute; innermost bristles ca. 5.5 mm, weakly clavate. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Slopes, roadsides, stream banks, rock outcrops; 600-1800 m. S Gansu, W Hubei, S Shaanxi, NW and W Sichuan.