白舌紫菀Aster baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz.
白舌紫菀Aster baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz.
47. 白舌紫菀 图版50：1-5
Aster baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz. in Seem., Bot. Voy. “Herald”: 385 (1856-57); Benth., Fl. Hongk., 175, 1861; Henriq. in Bot. Soc. Brot. 3: 147. 1865; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 410, 1901; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. 174. 1912; Hand. -Mazz. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 16: 468. 1939; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus, 18: 376. 1965. ——Diplopappus baccharoides Benth. in Hook., Journ. Bot. 4: 233, 1845. ——Aster brevipes Benth., l. c. 175, 1861; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 409. 1888; S. Y. Hu in Quart, Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18: 278. 1965.
木质草本或亚灌木，有粗壮扭曲的根。茎直立，高50-100厘米，多分枝；老枝灰褐色，有棱，脱毛；幼枝直立，被多少卷曲的密短毛；茎和枝基部有密集的枯叶残片，下部叶枯落后留有尖卵圆形的腋芽，全部有密集的叶。下部叶匙状长圆形，长达10厘米，宽达1.8厘米，上部有疏齿；中部叶长圆形或长圆披针形，长2-5.5厘米，宽0.5-1.5厘米，基部渐或急狭，无柄或有短柄，顶端尖，全缘或上部有小尖头状疏锯齿；上部叶渐小，近全缘；全部叶上面被短糙毛，下面被短毛或有腺点，或仅沿脉有粗毛；中脉在下面凸起，侧脉3-4对。头状花序径1.5-2厘米，在枝端排列成圆锥伞房状，或在短枝上单生；花序梗短或长达1厘米；苞叶极小，在梗端密集且渐转变为总苞片。总苞倒锥状，长5-7毫米，径达7毫米；总苞片4-7层，覆瓦状排列，外层卵圆形，长1.5毫米，顶端尖，内层长圆披针形，顶端钝，背面或上部被短密毛，边缘干膜质，有缘毛。舌状花约十余个，管部长3毫米，舌片白色，长5毫米，宽1.5毫米。管状花长6毫米，管部长3毫米，有微毛，裂片长达2毫米，花柱附片长0.5毫米。冠毛白色，1层，白色，有多数近等长或少数较短的微糙毛，长约6毫米。瘦果狭长圆形，长2-2.5毫米，稍扁，有时两面有肋，被密短毛。花期7-10月；果期8-11月。
产于广东（大埔、梅县等）、福建（龙岩、福州、连城、永安、上杭、戴云山等）、江西（黎川、石城、广昌、萍乡等）、湖南、浙江等省。生于山坡路旁、草地和沙地。常见。海拔50-900米。
与陀螺紫菀 (A. turbinatus S. Moore) 接近，但头状花序及花各部远较小，舌片白色，叶较狭长，茎下部木质，香港产的 A. brevipes Benth. 据 Hemsley (1888) 意见，仅以总苞片顶端尖的特征与本种区别，但我们观察到的香港标本与他处植物相同。
形态特征：木质草本或亚灌木，有粗壮扭曲的根。茎直立，高50—100厘米，多分枝；老枝灰褐色，有棱，脱毛；幼枝直立，被多少卷曲的密短毛；茎和枝基部有密集的枯叶残片，下部叶枯落后留有尖卵圆形的腋芽，全部有密集的叶。下部叶匙状长圆形，长达10厘米，宽达1．8厘米，上部有疏齿；中部叶长圆形或长圆披针形，长2—5．5厘米，宽0．5—1．5厘米，基部渐或急狭，无柄或有短柄，顶端尖，全缘或上部有小尖头状疏锯齿；上部叶渐小，近全缘；全部叶上面被短糙毛，下面被短毛或有腺点，或仅沿脉有粗毛3中脉在下面凸起，侧脉3—4对。头状花序径1．5—2厘米，在枝端排列成圆锥伞房状，或在短枝上单生；花序梗短或长达1厘米；苞叶极小，在梗端密集且渐转变为总苞片。总苞倒锥状，长5—7毫米，径达7毫米；总苞片4—7层，覆瓦状排列，外层卵圆形，长1.5毫米，顶端尖，内层长圆披针形，顶端钝，背面或上部被短密毛，边缘干膜质，有缘毛。舌状花约十余个，管部长3毫米，舌片白色，长5毫米，宽1．5毫米。管状花长6毫米，管部长3毫米，有微毛，裂片长达2毫米，花柱附片长o．5毫米。冠毛白色，1层，白色，有多数近等长或少数较短的微糙毛，长约6毫米。瘦果狭长圆形，长2—2．5毫米，稍扁，有时两面有肋，被密短毛。花期7一lo月；果期8一11月。
产地分布：产于广东(大埔、梅县等)、福建(龙岩、福州、连城、永安、上杭、戴云山等)、江西(黎川、石城、广昌、萍乡等)、湖南、浙江等省。生于山坡路旁、草地和沙地。常见。海拔50一900米。
本种提示：与陀螺紫菀(A．TurbinatusS．Moore)接近，但头状花序及花各部远较小，舌片白色，叶较狭长，茎下部木质，香港产的A．BrevipesBenth．据Hemsley(1888)意见，仅以总苞片顶端尖的特征与本种区别，但我们观察到的香港标本与他处植物相同。
参考文献：Asterbaccharoides(Benth．)Steetz．InSeem·，Bot．Voy．“Herald”：385(1856—57)；Benth·，F1．Hongk·，175，1861；Henriq·inBot．Soc．Brot．3：147．1865；DielsinBot．Jahrb．29：410，190l；DunnetTutch．InKewBull．174．1912；Hand．·Mazz．InBeih．Bot．Centralbl．16：468．1939；S．Y．HuinQuart．Journ．TaiwanMus，18；376．1965．——DiplopappusbaccharoidesBenth．InHo·Ok.，Journ，Bot．4：233，1845．——AsterbrevipeSBenth·，1．C．175，1861；ForbesetHemsl．InJourn．Linn．Soc．23；409．1888；S．Y．HuinQuart，Journ．TaiwanMus．18：278．1965．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster baccharoides (Bentham) Steetz Bot. Voy. Herald. 385. 1857.
白舌紫菀 bai she zi wan
Diplopappus baccharoides Bentham, London J. Bot. 1: 487. 1842; Aster brevipes Bentham.
Low shrubs or perennial herbs, 15-150 cm tall, basally woody, rhizomatous. Stems erect, branched or sometimes simple (herb), finely striate, densely strigose, minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves cauline, slightly reduced upward, abaxially pale green, moderately strigose, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially green, densely scabridulous, minutely stipitate glandular, margin serrate to serrulate (teeth mucronulate), scabrous, midvein prominent abaxially, apex acute, mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis (herb), lower to upper leaves shortly winged petiolate; blade narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1.3-7.5 × 0.4-1.8 cm, base attenuate to rounded; synflorescence leaves shortly petiolate, broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 0.7-3 × 0.3-0.8 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire. Capitula numerous, in terminal or axillary corymbiform to paniculiform synflorescences, 1.5-2 cm in diam.; peduncles 2-8 mm, strigillose; bracts oblanceolate, margin entire, becoming phyllary-like distally. Involucres campanulate, 6-7 × ca. 7 mm; phyllaries 5-7-seriate, unequal, narrowly green apically, sometimes distally purplish, abaxially moderately to densely strigose, more so distally, sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular, margin scarious (more broadly so in inner phyllaries), erose, villous-ciliate, midvein somewhat more pronounced distally, ± translucent, sometimes 3-veined, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, erose, sometimes mucro or tip purplish, ciliate; outer phyllaries broadly lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5-2 × 0.7-1 mm; middle phyllaries lanceolate-oblong, 3-5 × 1-1.2 mm, base ± hardened; inner phyllaries oblong, 6-7 × 1-1.5 mm. Ray florets 8-18, white, lamina ca. 6 × 1.2-1.7 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 4.5-6.5 mm, tube base flared (veins marked), limb campanulate, 2.5-3.5 mm, glabrous, minutely stipitate glandular proximally, lobes spreading, tip recurved, narrowly triangular, 1.2-2 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes dark purple, oblong, slightly compressed, ca. 3.5 mm, strigillose, apically sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, 2-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, white, of slender bristles; outermost bristles 1-3, 0.5-1.2 mm; outer bristles absent or 1, ca. 3 mm; inner bristles 4-5 mm, acute; innermost bristles 5-6 mm, clavate. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Aug-Nov.
● Slopes, grasslands, shrublands, sandy areas, sea bluffs, roadsides; sea level to 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, E Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
Aster baccharoides is closely related to A. turbinatus but differs in having basally woody stems, narrow leaves, small capitula and florets, and white ray floret lamina.Aster baccharoides is closely related to A. turbinatus but differs in having basally woody stems, narrow leaves, small capitula and florets, and white ray floret lamina.
别名：两广紫菀;白色紫菀;白舌紫苑;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：紫菀属 Aster
47. 白舌紫菀 图版50：1-5
Aster baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz. in Seem., Bot. Voy. “Herald”: 385 (1856-57); Benth., Fl. Hongk., 175, 1861; Henriq. in Bot. Soc. Brot. 3: 147. 1865; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 410, 1901; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. 174. 1912; Hand. -Mazz. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 16: 468. 1939; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus, 18: 376. 1965. ——Diplopappus baccharoides Benth. in Hook., Journ. Bot. 4: 233, 1845. ——Aster brevipes Benth., l. c. 175, 1861; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 409. 1888; S. Y. Hu in Quart, Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18: 278. 1965.
木质草本或亚灌木，有粗壮扭曲的根。茎直立，高50-100厘米，多分枝；老枝灰褐色，有棱，脱毛；幼枝直立，被多少卷曲的密短毛；茎和枝基部有密集的枯叶残片，下部叶枯落后留有尖卵圆形的腋芽，全部有密集的叶。下部叶匙状长圆形，长达10厘米，宽达1.8厘米，上部有疏齿；中部叶长圆形或长圆披针形，长2-5.5厘米，宽0.5-1.5厘米，基部渐或急狭，无柄或有短柄，顶端尖，全缘或上部有小尖头状疏锯齿；上部叶渐小，近全缘；全部叶上面被短糙毛，下面被短毛或有腺点，或仅沿脉有粗毛；中脉在下面凸起，侧脉3-4对。头状花序径1.5-2厘米，在枝端排列成圆锥伞房状，或在短枝上单生；花序梗短或长达1厘米；苞叶极小，在梗端密集且渐转变为总苞片。总苞倒锥状，长5-7毫米，径达7毫米；总苞片4-7层，覆瓦状排列，外层卵圆形，长1.5毫米，顶端尖，内层长圆披针形，顶端钝，背面或上部被短密毛，边缘干膜质，有缘毛。舌状花约十余个，管部长3毫米，舌片白色，长5毫米，宽1.5毫米。管状花长6毫米，管部长3毫米，有微毛，裂片长达2毫米，花柱附片长0.5毫米。冠毛白色，1层，白色，有多数近等长或少数较短的微糙毛，长约6毫米。瘦果狭长圆形，长2-2.5毫米，稍扁，有时两面有肋，被密短毛。花期7-10月；果期8-11月。
产于广东（大埔、梅县等）、福建（龙岩、福州、连城、永安、上杭、戴云山等）、江西（黎川、石城、广昌、萍乡等）、湖南、浙江等省。生于山坡路旁、草地和沙地。常见。海拔50-900米。
与陀螺紫菀 (A. turbinatus S. Moore) 接近，但头状花序及花各部远较小，舌片白色，叶较狭长，茎下部木质，香港产的 A. brevipes Benth. 据 Hemsley (1888) 意见，仅以总苞片顶端尖的特征与本种区别，但我们观察到的香港标本与他处植物相同。
形态特征：木质草本或亚灌木，有粗壮扭曲的根。茎直立，高50—100厘米，多分枝；老枝灰褐色，有棱，脱毛；幼枝直立，被多少卷曲的密短毛；茎和枝基部有密集的枯叶残片，下部叶枯落后留有尖卵圆形的腋芽，全部有密集的叶。下部叶匙状长圆形，长达10厘米，宽达1．8厘米，上部有疏齿；中部叶长圆形或长圆披针形，长2—5．5厘米，宽0．5—1．5厘米，基部渐或急狭，无柄或有短柄，顶端尖，全缘或上部有小尖头状疏锯齿；上部叶渐小，近全缘；全部叶上面被短糙毛，下面被短毛或有腺点，或仅沿脉有粗毛3中脉在下面凸起，侧脉3—4对。头状花序径1．5—2厘米，在枝端排列成圆锥伞房状，或在短枝上单生；花序梗短或长达1厘米；苞叶极小，在梗端密集且渐转变为总苞片。总苞倒锥状，长5—7毫米，径达7毫米；总苞片4—7层，覆瓦状排列，外层卵圆形，长1.5毫米，顶端尖，内层长圆披针形，顶端钝，背面或上部被短密毛，边缘干膜质，有缘毛。舌状花约十余个，管部长3毫米，舌片白色，长5毫米，宽1．5毫米。管状花长6毫米，管部长3毫米，有微毛，裂片长达2毫米，花柱附片长o．5毫米。冠毛白色，1层，白色，有多数近等长或少数较短的微糙毛，长约6毫米。瘦果狭长圆形，长2—2．5毫米，稍扁，有时两面有肋，被密短毛。花期7一lo月；果期8一11月。
产地分布：产于广东(大埔、梅县等)、福建(龙岩、福州、连城、永安、上杭、戴云山等)、江西(黎川、石城、广昌、萍乡等)、湖南、浙江等省。生于山坡路旁、草地和沙地。常见。海拔50一900米。
本种提示：与陀螺紫菀(A．TurbinatusS．Moore)接近，但头状花序及花各部远较小，舌片白色，叶较狭长，茎下部木质，香港产的A．BrevipesBenth．据Hemsley(1888)意见，仅以总苞片顶端尖的特征与本种区别，但我们观察到的香港标本与他处植物相同。
参考文献：Asterbaccharoides(Benth．)Steetz．InSeem·，Bot．Voy．“Herald”：385(1856—57)；Benth·，F1．Hongk·，175，1861；Henriq·inBot．Soc．Brot．3：147．1865；DielsinBot．Jahrb．29：410，190l；DunnetTutch．InKewBull．174．1912；Hand．·Mazz．InBeih．Bot．Centralbl．16：468．1939；S．Y．HuinQuart．Journ．TaiwanMus，18；376．1965．——DiplopappusbaccharoidesBenth．InHo·Ok.，Journ，Bot．4：233，1845．——AsterbrevipeSBenth·，1．C．175，1861；ForbesetHemsl．InJourn．Linn．Soc．23；409．1888；S．Y．HuinQuart，Journ．TaiwanMus．18：278．1965．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster baccharoides (Bentham) Steetz Bot. Voy. Herald. 385. 1857.
白舌紫菀 bai she zi wan
Diplopappus baccharoides Bentham, London J. Bot. 1: 487. 1842; Aster brevipes Bentham.
Low shrubs or perennial herbs, 15-150 cm tall, basally woody, rhizomatous. Stems erect, branched or sometimes simple (herb), finely striate, densely strigose, minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves cauline, slightly reduced upward, abaxially pale green, moderately strigose, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially green, densely scabridulous, minutely stipitate glandular, margin serrate to serrulate (teeth mucronulate), scabrous, midvein prominent abaxially, apex acute, mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis (herb), lower to upper leaves shortly winged petiolate; blade narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1.3-7.5 × 0.4-1.8 cm, base attenuate to rounded; synflorescence leaves shortly petiolate, broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 0.7-3 × 0.3-0.8 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire. Capitula numerous, in terminal or axillary corymbiform to paniculiform synflorescences, 1.5-2 cm in diam.; peduncles 2-8 mm, strigillose; bracts oblanceolate, margin entire, becoming phyllary-like distally. Involucres campanulate, 6-7 × ca. 7 mm; phyllaries 5-7-seriate, unequal, narrowly green apically, sometimes distally purplish, abaxially moderately to densely strigose, more so distally, sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular, margin scarious (more broadly so in inner phyllaries), erose, villous-ciliate, midvein somewhat more pronounced distally, ± translucent, sometimes 3-veined, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, erose, sometimes mucro or tip purplish, ciliate; outer phyllaries broadly lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5-2 × 0.7-1 mm; middle phyllaries lanceolate-oblong, 3-5 × 1-1.2 mm, base ± hardened; inner phyllaries oblong, 6-7 × 1-1.5 mm. Ray florets 8-18, white, lamina ca. 6 × 1.2-1.7 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 4.5-6.5 mm, tube base flared (veins marked), limb campanulate, 2.5-3.5 mm, glabrous, minutely stipitate glandular proximally, lobes spreading, tip recurved, narrowly triangular, 1.2-2 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes dark purple, oblong, slightly compressed, ca. 3.5 mm, strigillose, apically sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, 2-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, white, of slender bristles; outermost bristles 1-3, 0.5-1.2 mm; outer bristles absent or 1, ca. 3 mm; inner bristles 4-5 mm, acute; innermost bristles 5-6 mm, clavate. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Aug-Nov.
● Slopes, grasslands, shrublands, sandy areas, sea bluffs, roadsides; sea level to 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, E Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
Aster baccharoides is closely related to A. turbinatus but differs in having basally woody stems, narrow leaves, small capitula and florets, and white ray floret lamina.Aster baccharoides is closely related to A. turbinatus but differs in having basally woody stems, narrow leaves, small capitula and florets, and white ray floret lamina.