耳叶紫菀Aster auriculatus Franch.
耳叶紫菀Aster auriculatus Franch.
6. 耳叶紫菀 银钱菊（云南） 图版39: 5-9
Aster auriculatus Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 10: 379. 1896; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1090, 1936; H. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18: 276, 1969.
多年生草本，根状茎粗壮。茎直立，单生稀丛生，高40-70厘米，上部稀全部有分枝，被开展的长粗毛，常有腺，下部有较密生的叶。下部叶在花期枯萎，倒卵圆形至长圆形，基部渐狭；中部叶长圆形或狭椭圆形，长3-6厘米，宽0.5-1.2厘米，下部稍狭，基部扩大成圆形抱茎的耳部，中部以上有浅齿或圆齿，或近全缘，顶端钝或稍尖；上部叶小，线状披针形或长圆形；全部叶上面或两面被密糙毛，下面有腺且沿脉及边缘有长粗毛；中脉和3-4对侧脉在下面稍凸起，网脉细。头状花序径2-2.5厘米，在茎和枝端排列成圆锥伞房状或伞房状；花序梗长1-8厘米，有线形苞叶。总苞半球状，长6-8毫米，径6-8毫米；总苞片3层，线状披针形，近革质，外层上部草质，有密腺，或杂有短糙毛，长3-4毫米，宽0.7-1毫米，内层中脉有腺，边缘膜质，常撕裂，长6-7毫米，宽达1.5毫米，常有紫色长尖头。舌状花约30个；管部长2.5-3毫米，舌片白色，长8-10毫米，宽1-1.5毫米。管状花长5毫米，管部长2.5毫米，裂片长1.5毫米；花柱附片长0.5毫米。冠毛1层，白色或稍红色，长5毫米，有多数糙毛。瘦果狭倒卵圆形，长3毫米，被疏短毛。花果期4-8月。
产于云南西部西北部及东北部（贡山、维西、丽江、镇雄、大理、红河、澜沧、漾濞、洱源、保山等）、贵州西部（毕节、盘县、安龙）、四川西南部至南部（石棉、九龙、南川等）。生于疏林下，灌丛及草地。海拔1500-3000米。
此种多变异，叶上面被短糙毛或两面被同样的粗毛，近全缘或有锯齿，基部渐狭或急狭成宽或狭的耳部。另有一变型 f. crenatus Ling f. nov. 头状花序少数（1-3）个，叶有圆形深锯齿，两面被长粗毛，产于云南西北部（怒江河谷）。药用全草，以根为佳，消炎，治蛇咬伤。
形态特征：多年生草本，根状茎粗壮。茎直立，单生稀丛生，高40—70厘米，上部稀全部有分枝，被开展的长粗毛，常有腺，下部有较密生的叶。下部叶在花期枯萎，倒卵圆形至长圆形，基部渐狭；中部叶长圆形或狭椭圆形，长3—6厘米，宽0．5—1．2厘米，下部稍狭，基部扩大成圆形抱茎的耳部，中部以上有浅齿或圆齿，或近全缘，顶端钝或稍尖；上部叶小，线状披针形或长圆形；全部叶上面或两面被密糙毛，下面有腺且沿脉及边缘有长粗毛；中脉和3—4对侧脉在下面稍凸起，网脉细。头状花序径2—2．5厘米，在茎和枝端排列成圆锥伞房状或伞房状；花序梗长1—8厘米，有线形苞叶。总苞半球状，长6—8毫米，径6—8毫米；总苞片3层，线状披针形，近革质，外层上部草质，有密腺，或杂有短糙毛，长3—4毫米，宽0．7—1毫米，内层中脉有腺，边缘膜质，常撕裂，长6—7毫米，宽达1．5毫米，常有紫色长尖头。舌状花约30个5管部长2．5—3毫米，舌片白色，长8—10毫米，宽1—1．5毫米。管状花长5毫米，管部长2．5毫米，裂片长1.5毫米3花柱附片长0．5毫米。冠毛l层，白色或稍红色，长5毫米，有多数糙毛。瘦果狭倒卵圆形，长3毫米，被疏短毛。花果期4—8月。
用 途：药用全草，以根为佳，消 炎，治蛇咬伤。
产地分布：产于云南西部西北部及东北部(贡山、维西、丽江、镇雄、大理、红河、澜沧、漾濞、洱源、保山等)、贵州西部(毕节、盘县、安龙)、四川西南部至南部(石棉、九龙、南川等)。生于疏林下，灌丛及草地。海拔1500—3000米。
本种提示：此种多变异，叶上面被短糙毛或两面被同样的粗毛，近全缘或有锯齿，基部渐狭或急狭成宽或狭的耳部。另有一变型f．CrenatusLingf．nOV．头状花序少数(1—3)个，叶有圆形深锯齿，两面被长粗毛，产于云南西北部(怒江河谷)。
参考文献：AsterauriculatusFranch．InJourn．DeBot．10：379．1896；Hand．·Mazz·，Symb．Sin．7：1090，1936；H．Y．HuinQuart．Journ．TaiwanMus．18：276，1969．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster auriculatus Franchet J. Bot. (Morot). 10: 376. 1896.
耳叶紫菀 er ye zi wan
Herbs, perennial, 23-90 cm tall, rarely caespitose; rhizomes ± woody. Stems erect, simple, ± striate, sparsely to densely villous, densely minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves cauline, somewhat reduced upward, base sometimes marcescent, both surfaces villosulous, sparsely to densely minutely stipitate glandular, margin serrate to serrulate, villosulous-ciliate, midvein prominent, more so abaxially, apex mucronulate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, broadly winged petiolate, petiole base auriculate; blade oblanceolate, obovate, or oblong, base attenuate, apex obtuse; lower to upper leaves sessile, obovate or oblong to oblanceolate, sometimes pandurate, 1.5-7 × 0.4-1.5 cm, base auriculate, clasping, apex obtuse to acute (upper leaves); synflorescence leaves narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1-4.5 × 0.1-0.9 cm, margin serrulate to entire. Capitula 2-23, in terminal corymbiform synflorescences, rarely solitary; peduncles 10-30 mm, sparsely hispidulous to villosulous, densely minutely stipitate glandular; bracts linear, entire. Involucres campanulate, 6-7 mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, unequal (to nearly subequal), abaxially glabrous or strigose, sparsely to densely minutely stipitate glandular (middle and inner phyllaries base eglandular), base hardened, midvein slightly translucent; outer phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2.5-6 × 0.5-0.8 mm, leaflike, margin barely to ± scarious, eciliate or sparsely ciliate, glandular, apex sometimes spreading or squarrose, acute, ciliate; middle phyllaries narrowly oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 5-6 × 0.7-1.5 mm, margin narrowly scarious, tip green, sometimes leaflike, apex acute to acuminate, distal margin and apex ± purplish; inner phyllaries distally green, linear-oblong, 6-7 × 0.7-1.3 mm, margin broadly scarious, erose, apex sometimes acuminate, erose, sometimes purplish. Ray florets 18-30, white, tube sparsely strigillose, lamina 6-9 × 1-2.5 mm, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 4.5-5 mm, limb campanulate, 3-3.5 mm, proximally glabrous and sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, lobes erect, tip sometimes spreading, narrowly triangular, 1-1.3 mm, glabrous, tip sparsely minutely stipitate glandular. Achenes lanceolate, compressed, 3-4 mm, sparsely strigillose, sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular apically, 2-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, reddish, of slender barbellate bristles; outermost bristles absent or 1, 0.2-0.3 mm; outer bristles 0-3, 1.2-2.5 mm; inner bristles 3.7-4 mm, tapering; innermost bristles 4-4.3 mm, barely clavate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Aug.
● Open forests, mixed forests, thickets, grasslands; 800-3000 m. Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang (Zayü), Yunnan.
Aster auriculatus, especially the roots, is used medicinally to reduce phlegm and treat snakebites.Aster auriculatus, especially the roots, is used medicinally to reduce phlegm and treat snakebites.
别名：耳状紫菀;毛叶子;耳状三菀;银钱菊;蓑衣莲;银线菊;散药;耳叶紫苑;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：紫菀属 Aster
6. 耳叶紫菀 银钱菊（云南） 图版39: 5-9
Aster auriculatus Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 10: 379. 1896; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1090, 1936; H. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18: 276, 1969.
多年生草本，根状茎粗壮。茎直立，单生稀丛生，高40-70厘米，上部稀全部有分枝，被开展的长粗毛，常有腺，下部有较密生的叶。下部叶在花期枯萎，倒卵圆形至长圆形，基部渐狭；中部叶长圆形或狭椭圆形，长3-6厘米，宽0.5-1.2厘米，下部稍狭，基部扩大成圆形抱茎的耳部，中部以上有浅齿或圆齿，或近全缘，顶端钝或稍尖；上部叶小，线状披针形或长圆形；全部叶上面或两面被密糙毛，下面有腺且沿脉及边缘有长粗毛；中脉和3-4对侧脉在下面稍凸起，网脉细。头状花序径2-2.5厘米，在茎和枝端排列成圆锥伞房状或伞房状；花序梗长1-8厘米，有线形苞叶。总苞半球状，长6-8毫米，径6-8毫米；总苞片3层，线状披针形，近革质，外层上部草质，有密腺，或杂有短糙毛，长3-4毫米，宽0.7-1毫米，内层中脉有腺，边缘膜质，常撕裂，长6-7毫米，宽达1.5毫米，常有紫色长尖头。舌状花约30个；管部长2.5-3毫米，舌片白色，长8-10毫米，宽1-1.5毫米。管状花长5毫米，管部长2.5毫米，裂片长1.5毫米；花柱附片长0.5毫米。冠毛1层，白色或稍红色，长5毫米，有多数糙毛。瘦果狭倒卵圆形，长3毫米，被疏短毛。花果期4-8月。
产于云南西部西北部及东北部（贡山、维西、丽江、镇雄、大理、红河、澜沧、漾濞、洱源、保山等）、贵州西部（毕节、盘县、安龙）、四川西南部至南部（石棉、九龙、南川等）。生于疏林下，灌丛及草地。海拔1500-3000米。
此种多变异，叶上面被短糙毛或两面被同样的粗毛，近全缘或有锯齿，基部渐狭或急狭成宽或狭的耳部。另有一变型 f. crenatus Ling f. nov. 头状花序少数（1-3）个，叶有圆形深锯齿，两面被长粗毛，产于云南西北部（怒江河谷）。药用全草，以根为佳，消炎，治蛇咬伤。
形态特征：多年生草本，根状茎粗壮。茎直立，单生稀丛生，高40—70厘米，上部稀全部有分枝，被开展的长粗毛，常有腺，下部有较密生的叶。下部叶在花期枯萎，倒卵圆形至长圆形，基部渐狭；中部叶长圆形或狭椭圆形，长3—6厘米，宽0．5—1．2厘米，下部稍狭，基部扩大成圆形抱茎的耳部，中部以上有浅齿或圆齿，或近全缘，顶端钝或稍尖；上部叶小，线状披针形或长圆形；全部叶上面或两面被密糙毛，下面有腺且沿脉及边缘有长粗毛；中脉和3—4对侧脉在下面稍凸起，网脉细。头状花序径2—2．5厘米，在茎和枝端排列成圆锥伞房状或伞房状；花序梗长1—8厘米，有线形苞叶。总苞半球状，长6—8毫米，径6—8毫米；总苞片3层，线状披针形，近革质，外层上部草质，有密腺，或杂有短糙毛，长3—4毫米，宽0．7—1毫米，内层中脉有腺，边缘膜质，常撕裂，长6—7毫米，宽达1．5毫米，常有紫色长尖头。舌状花约30个5管部长2．5—3毫米，舌片白色，长8—10毫米，宽1—1．5毫米。管状花长5毫米，管部长2．5毫米，裂片长1.5毫米3花柱附片长0．5毫米。冠毛l层，白色或稍红色，长5毫米，有多数糙毛。瘦果狭倒卵圆形，长3毫米，被疏短毛。花果期4—8月。
用 途：药用全草，以根为佳，消 炎，治蛇咬伤。
产地分布：产于云南西部西北部及东北部(贡山、维西、丽江、镇雄、大理、红河、澜沧、漾濞、洱源、保山等)、贵州西部(毕节、盘县、安龙)、四川西南部至南部(石棉、九龙、南川等)。生于疏林下，灌丛及草地。海拔1500—3000米。
本种提示：此种多变异，叶上面被短糙毛或两面被同样的粗毛，近全缘或有锯齿，基部渐狭或急狭成宽或狭的耳部。另有一变型f．CrenatusLingf．nOV．头状花序少数(1—3)个，叶有圆形深锯齿，两面被长粗毛，产于云南西北部(怒江河谷)。
参考文献：AsterauriculatusFranch．InJourn．DeBot．10：379．1896；Hand．·Mazz·，Symb．Sin．7：1090，1936；H．Y．HuinQuart．Journ．TaiwanMus．18：276，1969．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster auriculatus Franchet J. Bot. (Morot). 10: 376. 1896.
耳叶紫菀 er ye zi wan
Herbs, perennial, 23-90 cm tall, rarely caespitose; rhizomes ± woody. Stems erect, simple, ± striate, sparsely to densely villous, densely minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves cauline, somewhat reduced upward, base sometimes marcescent, both surfaces villosulous, sparsely to densely minutely stipitate glandular, margin serrate to serrulate, villosulous-ciliate, midvein prominent, more so abaxially, apex mucronulate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, broadly winged petiolate, petiole base auriculate; blade oblanceolate, obovate, or oblong, base attenuate, apex obtuse; lower to upper leaves sessile, obovate or oblong to oblanceolate, sometimes pandurate, 1.5-7 × 0.4-1.5 cm, base auriculate, clasping, apex obtuse to acute (upper leaves); synflorescence leaves narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1-4.5 × 0.1-0.9 cm, margin serrulate to entire. Capitula 2-23, in terminal corymbiform synflorescences, rarely solitary; peduncles 10-30 mm, sparsely hispidulous to villosulous, densely minutely stipitate glandular; bracts linear, entire. Involucres campanulate, 6-7 mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, unequal (to nearly subequal), abaxially glabrous or strigose, sparsely to densely minutely stipitate glandular (middle and inner phyllaries base eglandular), base hardened, midvein slightly translucent; outer phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2.5-6 × 0.5-0.8 mm, leaflike, margin barely to ± scarious, eciliate or sparsely ciliate, glandular, apex sometimes spreading or squarrose, acute, ciliate; middle phyllaries narrowly oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 5-6 × 0.7-1.5 mm, margin narrowly scarious, tip green, sometimes leaflike, apex acute to acuminate, distal margin and apex ± purplish; inner phyllaries distally green, linear-oblong, 6-7 × 0.7-1.3 mm, margin broadly scarious, erose, apex sometimes acuminate, erose, sometimes purplish. Ray florets 18-30, white, tube sparsely strigillose, lamina 6-9 × 1-2.5 mm, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 4.5-5 mm, limb campanulate, 3-3.5 mm, proximally glabrous and sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, lobes erect, tip sometimes spreading, narrowly triangular, 1-1.3 mm, glabrous, tip sparsely minutely stipitate glandular. Achenes lanceolate, compressed, 3-4 mm, sparsely strigillose, sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular apically, 2-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, reddish, of slender barbellate bristles; outermost bristles absent or 1, 0.2-0.3 mm; outer bristles 0-3, 1.2-2.5 mm; inner bristles 3.7-4 mm, tapering; innermost bristles 4-4.3 mm, barely clavate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Aug.
● Open forests, mixed forests, thickets, grasslands; 800-3000 m. Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang (Zayü), Yunnan.
Aster auriculatus, especially the roots, is used medicinally to reduce phlegm and treat snakebites.Aster auriculatus, especially the roots, is used medicinally to reduce phlegm and treat snakebites.