小舌紫菀Aster albescens (DC.) Hand.-Mazz.
小舌紫菀Aster albescens (DC.) Hand.-Mazz.
36. 小舌紫菀 图版48: 1-4
Aster albescens (DC.) Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 205, 1938. ——Amphirhapis albescens DC., Prodr. 5: 343. 1836.
灌木，高30-180厘米，多分枝；老枝褐色，无毛，有圆形皮孔；当年枝黄褐色或有时灰白色短柔毛和具柄腺毛，有密或疏生的叶。叶卵圆、椭圆或长圆状，披针形，长3-17厘米，宽1-3稀达7厘米，基部楔形或近圆形，全缘或有浅齿，顶端尖或渐尖，上部叶小，多少披针形，全部叶近纸质，近无毛或上面被短柔毛而下面被白色或灰白色蛛丝状毛或茸毛，常杂有腺点或沿脉有粗毛；中脉和数个至十余对侧脉在下面凸起，侧脉在远离边缘处相互联结，网脉多少显明。头状花序径约5-7毫米，多数在茎和枝端排列成复伞房状；花序梗长5-10毫米，有钻形苞叶。总苞倒锥状，长约5毫米，上部径4-7毫米；总苞片3-4层，覆瓦状排列，被疏柔毛或茸毛或近无毛；外层狭披针形，长约1毫米，内层线状披针形，长3.5-4.8毫米，宽0.6-0.8毫米，顶端稍尖，常带红色，近中脉草质，边缘宽膜质或基部稍革质。舌状花15-30个；管部长2.5毫米，舌片白色，浅红色或紫红色，长4-5毫米，宽0.6-1.2毫米；管状花黄色，长4.5-5.5毫米，管部长2毫米，裂片长0.5毫米，常有腺；花柱附片宽三角形，长0.5毫米。冠毛污白色，后红褐色，1层，长4毫米，有多数近等长的微糙毛。瘦果长圆形，长1.7-2.5毫米，宽0.5毫米，有4-6肋，被白色短绢毛。花期6-9月，果期8-10月。
产于西藏、云南、贵州、四川、湖北、甘肃及陕西南部。生于低山至高山林下及灌丛中。海拔500-4100米。也分布于缅甸和印度北部、不丹、尼泊尔及喜马拉雅西部。
广布种。叶形、毛茸和总苞片等有一系列变异，有许多明显的和有时不易划分的变种。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster albescens (Candolle) Wallich ex Handel-Mazzetti Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 205. 1938.
小舌紫菀 xiao she zi wan
Amphirhapis albescens Candolle, Prodr. 5: 343. 1836; Microglossa albescens (Candolle) C. B. Clarke.
Shrubs, 30-400 cm tall. Stems many branched, erect; old branches brownish, ascending; current-year branches yellow-brown, densely or laxly leafy, sometimes villosulous to tomentulose, and sometimes sparsely, minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves reduced distally, sessile; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, (2-)3-17(-20) × (0.5-)1-3(-12.5) cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely to densely appressed villosulous to tomentulose, eglandular or sometimes sparsely to densely minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially glabrous or scabridulous to scabrous, eglandular or rarely sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, veins (both surfaces) sparsely to moderately villosulous and usually sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, subpapery, midvein and pinnate lateral veins abaxially prominent, base cuneate or attenuate, margin flat to revolute, entire or remotely serrulate to coarsely serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex acute to acuminate, mucronulate. Capitula 5-50 (per branch) in terminal compound corymbiform synflorescences, ca. 0.7 cm in diam.; peduncles slender, 5-10 mm, bracts subulate, moderately villosulous to densely tomentulose (hairs white or light brown), sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular. Involucres campanulate, 4-7 × 4-7 mm; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, unequal; outer phyllaries distally green, sometimes tip purplish, ovate to lanceolate, 1-2.5 mm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely villosulous to tomentulose, sometimes minutely stipitate glandular, margin narrowly scarious, erose, distally ciliate; inner phyllaries distally or only tip reddish purple, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-5 × 0.5-1 mm, margin broadly scarious, erose, distally ciliate, midvein distally swollen, translucent, apex acute. Ray florets 10-25, white, pink, or purple, tube hairy above, lamina 2-7 × 0.5-1.2 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, sometimes becoming purplish, 4-6 mm, limb narrowly campanulate, 2.5-3.5 mm, base sparsely to moderately hairy, lobes spreading to reflexed, triangular, 1-2 mm, glabrous, eglandular or glandular. Achenes obovoid, 2-2.7 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose, 4-8-veined. Pappus 3-seriate, straw-colored, sometimes purplish; outer bristles slender, 0.2-1 mm; inner bristles 2-4.5 mm, acute; innermost bristles 3-6 mm, clavate. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct.
Margins of deciduous or coniferous forests and thickets, open or grazed meadows, shrublands, seepage or damp areas, streamsides, ditch or field margins, disturbed areas and cut or disturbed forests, hills to alpine regions; 500-4100 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal].
Leaf shape, size, and indumentum are variable in this species; thus, many ± distinct varieties were described, some of which do not appear to warrant recognition. Some varieties are said to be closer to or intermediate between other species. A biosystematic and molecular phylogenetic study of this complex is required. Although not formally recognized here, the varieties are listed below with their main features and comments.Leaf shape, size, and indumentum are variable in this species; thus, many ± distinct varieties were described, some of which do not appear to warrant recognition. Some varieties are said to be closer to or intermediate between other species. A biosystematic and molecular phylogenetic study of this complex is required. Although not formally recognized here, the varieties are listed below with their main features and comments.
别名：白背紫菀;露米;火草;糙叶小舌紫菀;马铃花;白花紫菀;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：紫菀属 Aster
36. 小舌紫菀 图版48: 1-4
Aster albescens (DC.) Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 205, 1938. ——Amphirhapis albescens DC., Prodr. 5: 343. 1836.
灌木，高30-180厘米，多分枝；老枝褐色，无毛，有圆形皮孔；当年枝黄褐色或有时灰白色短柔毛和具柄腺毛，有密或疏生的叶。叶卵圆、椭圆或长圆状，披针形，长3-17厘米，宽1-3稀达7厘米，基部楔形或近圆形，全缘或有浅齿，顶端尖或渐尖，上部叶小，多少披针形，全部叶近纸质，近无毛或上面被短柔毛而下面被白色或灰白色蛛丝状毛或茸毛，常杂有腺点或沿脉有粗毛；中脉和数个至十余对侧脉在下面凸起，侧脉在远离边缘处相互联结，网脉多少显明。头状花序径约5-7毫米，多数在茎和枝端排列成复伞房状；花序梗长5-10毫米，有钻形苞叶。总苞倒锥状，长约5毫米，上部径4-7毫米；总苞片3-4层，覆瓦状排列，被疏柔毛或茸毛或近无毛；外层狭披针形，长约1毫米，内层线状披针形，长3.5-4.8毫米，宽0.6-0.8毫米，顶端稍尖，常带红色，近中脉草质，边缘宽膜质或基部稍革质。舌状花15-30个；管部长2.5毫米，舌片白色，浅红色或紫红色，长4-5毫米，宽0.6-1.2毫米；管状花黄色，长4.5-5.5毫米，管部长2毫米，裂片长0.5毫米，常有腺；花柱附片宽三角形，长0.5毫米。冠毛污白色，后红褐色，1层，长4毫米，有多数近等长的微糙毛。瘦果长圆形，长1.7-2.5毫米，宽0.5毫米，有4-6肋，被白色短绢毛。花期6-9月，果期8-10月。
产于西藏、云南、贵州、四川、湖北、甘肃及陕西南部。生于低山至高山林下及灌丛中。海拔500-4100米。也分布于缅甸和印度北部、不丹、尼泊尔及喜马拉雅西部。
广布种。叶形、毛茸和总苞片等有一系列变异，有许多明显的和有时不易划分的变种。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster albescens (Candolle) Wallich ex Handel-Mazzetti Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 205. 1938.
小舌紫菀 xiao she zi wan
Amphirhapis albescens Candolle, Prodr. 5: 343. 1836; Microglossa albescens (Candolle) C. B. Clarke.
Shrubs, 30-400 cm tall. Stems many branched, erect; old branches brownish, ascending; current-year branches yellow-brown, densely or laxly leafy, sometimes villosulous to tomentulose, and sometimes sparsely, minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves reduced distally, sessile; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, (2-)3-17(-20) × (0.5-)1-3(-12.5) cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely to densely appressed villosulous to tomentulose, eglandular or sometimes sparsely to densely minutely stipitate glandular, adaxially glabrous or scabridulous to scabrous, eglandular or rarely sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, veins (both surfaces) sparsely to moderately villosulous and usually sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, subpapery, midvein and pinnate lateral veins abaxially prominent, base cuneate or attenuate, margin flat to revolute, entire or remotely serrulate to coarsely serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex acute to acuminate, mucronulate. Capitula 5-50 (per branch) in terminal compound corymbiform synflorescences, ca. 0.7 cm in diam.; peduncles slender, 5-10 mm, bracts subulate, moderately villosulous to densely tomentulose (hairs white or light brown), sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular. Involucres campanulate, 4-7 × 4-7 mm; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, unequal; outer phyllaries distally green, sometimes tip purplish, ovate to lanceolate, 1-2.5 mm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely villosulous to tomentulose, sometimes minutely stipitate glandular, margin narrowly scarious, erose, distally ciliate; inner phyllaries distally or only tip reddish purple, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-5 × 0.5-1 mm, margin broadly scarious, erose, distally ciliate, midvein distally swollen, translucent, apex acute. Ray florets 10-25, white, pink, or purple, tube hairy above, lamina 2-7 × 0.5-1.2 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, sometimes becoming purplish, 4-6 mm, limb narrowly campanulate, 2.5-3.5 mm, base sparsely to moderately hairy, lobes spreading to reflexed, triangular, 1-2 mm, glabrous, eglandular or glandular. Achenes obovoid, 2-2.7 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose, 4-8-veined. Pappus 3-seriate, straw-colored, sometimes purplish; outer bristles slender, 0.2-1 mm; inner bristles 2-4.5 mm, acute; innermost bristles 3-6 mm, clavate. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct.
Margins of deciduous or coniferous forests and thickets, open or grazed meadows, shrublands, seepage or damp areas, streamsides, ditch or field margins, disturbed areas and cut or disturbed forests, hills to alpine regions; 500-4100 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal].
Leaf shape, size, and indumentum are variable in this species; thus, many ± distinct varieties were described, some of which do not appear to warrant recognition. Some varieties are said to be closer to or intermediate between other species. A biosystematic and molecular phylogenetic study of this complex is required. Although not formally recognized here, the varieties are listed below with their main features and comments.Leaf shape, size, and indumentum are variable in this species; thus, many ± distinct varieties were described, some of which do not appear to warrant recognition. Some varieties are said to be closer to or intermediate between other species. A biosystematic and molecular phylogenetic study of this complex is required. Although not formally recognized here, the varieties are listed below with their main features and comments.