三脉紫菀Aster ageratoides Turcz.
别名：野白菊花(植物名实图考) 山白菊(贵州土名) 山雪花白升麻三 脉叶马兰(中国植物图鉴) 鸡儿肠
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：紫菀属 Aster
19. 三脉紫菀 野白菊花（植物名实图考）山白菊（贵州土名）山雪花 白升麻 三脉叶马兰（中国植物图鉴）鸡儿肠 图版45: 1-5
Aster ageratoides Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 17: 154. 1837; Maxim., in Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Peterb. ser. 2, 9: 144, 1859; Kitam. in Journ. in Jap. Bot. 12: 643. 1936, et 19: 337. 1943, et Comp, Jap., 1: 345, 1937; Hand-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Goth. 12: 211. 1938. ——Aster trinervis D. Don ssp. ageratoides (Turcz) Griers. in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard, Edinb. 26: 102, 1964. ——Aster ageratoides Turcz., ssp. ageratoides Griers., l. c. 28: 227. 1968. ——Aster trinervius Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 416, 1888, et auctt., Fl. As. Orient. non D. Don (1825).
多年生草本，根状茎粗壮。茎直立，高40-100厘米，细或粗壮，有棱及沟，被柔毛或粗毛，上部有时屈折，有上升或开展的分枝。下部叶在花期枯落，叶片宽卵圆形，急狭成长柄；中部叶椭圆形或长圆状披针形，长5-15厘米，宽1-5厘米，中部以上急狭成楔形具宽翅的柄，顶端渐尖，边缘有3-7对浅或深锯齿；上部叶渐小，有浅齿或全缘，全部叶纸质，上面被短糙毛，下面浅色被短柔毛常有腺点，或两面被短茸毛而下面沿脉有粗毛，有离基（有时长达7厘米）三出脉，侧脉3-4对，网脉常显明。头状花序径1.5-2厘米，排列成伞房或圆锥伞房状，花序梗长0.5-3厘米。总苞倒锥状或半球状，径4-10毫米，长3-7毫米；总苞片3层，覆瓦状排列，线状长圆形，下部近革质或干膜质，上部绿色或紫褐色，外层长达2毫米，内层长约4毫米，有短缘毛。舌状花约十余个，管部长2毫米，舌片线状长圆形，长达11毫米，宽2毫米，紫色，浅红色或白色，管状花黄色，长4.5-5.5毫米，管部长1.5毫米，裂片长1-2毫米；花柱附片长达1毫米。冠毛浅红褐色或污白色，长3-4毫米。瘦果倒卵状长圆形，灰褐色，长2-2.5毫米，有边肋，一面常有肋，被短粗毛。花果期7-12月。
广泛分布于我国东北部、北部、东部、南部至西部、西南部及西藏南部。也分布于喜马拉雅南部、朝鲜、日本及亚洲东北部。生于林下、林缘、灌丛及山谷湿地。海拔100-3350米。据《植物名实图考》湖南、江西草医常用以煎洗无名肿毒。贵州用治风热感冒，湖北用以代马兰或紫菀。
此种与三基脉紫菀 (A. trinervius D. Don) 显然接近，主要以叶具显明的离基三出脉，基部渐狭，侧脉在渐狭部分以上发出等特征与后者区别。Grierson (1964) 曾述及在喜马拉雅南部（阿萨密）有这两种的中间类型存在，将此种与三基脉紫菀合并并作为后者的一个亚种，这是适宜的。由于此种种名在东亚沿用已久，且有大量的变种。为了避免引起混乱，仍保留为独立的种。▽三脉叶紫菀是一个广布而多型的种，曾经 Kitamura (1937) 及 Handel-Mazzetti (1938) 分别为许多变种或亚种，但毛茸、叶形、头状花序的排列、总苞的形状和大小等特征都有一系列变异，而不同部位的变异常没有相关的联系。所以一些变种的区别是不明显的。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Aster trinervius subsp. ageratoides (Turczaninow) Grierson Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 26: 102. 1964.
三脉紫菀 san mai zi wan
Aster ageratoides Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 10(7): 154. 1837.
Stems erect, 40-100 cm tall, slender or thick, branched, strigose. Leaves papery (thin, sometimes rather thick); blade broadly ovate, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, abaxially puberulent, veins strigose, adaxially strigose, often glandular, or both surfaces tomentulose, 3-veined above base (triplinerved), base attenuate. Involucres 4-10 mm in diam.; phyllary apex green or purple-brown. Ray florets purple, reddish, or white.
Forests, forest margins, thickets, wet places in valleys; 100-3400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Korea, N Myanmar, Nepal, E Russia, N Thailand, Vietnam].
Some of the varieties listed here under Aster trinervius subsp. ageratoides have available names under A. trinervius, while others do not. In view of the fact that all of the varieties have names under A. ageratoides, those names are used here in preference to publishing new combinations, pending the necessary thorough investigation mentioned above.
Aster ageratoides var. ageratoides
三脉紫菀(原变种) san mai zi wan (yuan bian zhong)
Aster adustus (Maximowicz) Koidzumi ex Nakai; A. ageratoides f. adustus (Maximowicz) Zdorovjeva; A. ageratoides var. adustus Maximowicz; A. quelpaertensis H. Léveillé & Vaniot; A. trinervius Roxburgh ex D. Don var. adustus (Maximowicz) Franchet & Savatier; A. trinervius var. potaninii Diels; A. trinervius var. rosthornii Diels.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, thin, adaxially densely strigose, abaxially sparsely hairy or glabrous, veins ± hairy, slightly glandular, margin coarsely serrate. Involucres 5-7 × 6-10 mm, apex purple-brown. Ray florets purple or red.
S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan [Korea, Russia (E Siberia)].
Aster ageratoides var. firmus (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 215. 1938.
坚叶三脉紫菀 jian ye san mai zi wan
Aster trinervius var. firmus Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 610. 1901 ["firma"].
Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, thickly papery, abaxially long rough hairy on veins, veins conspicuously reticulate, adaxially densely strigose, glabrescent, often lucid, areoles foamy. Ray florets white or tinged red.
N Anhui, W Hunan, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, N Yunnan [S Himalayan region].
Aster ageratoides var. gerlachii (Hance) C. C. Chang ex Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 163. 1985.
狭叶三脉紫菀 xia ye san mai zi wan
Aster gerlachii Hance, J. Bot. 18: 262. 1880; A. curvatus Vaniot.
Stems strigose in upper part. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5-8 × 0.7-1 cm, abaxially subglabrous, adaxially sparsely rough hairy, base attenuate, margin shallowly serrate, apex acuminate. Phyllary apex green. Ray florets white. 2n = 36*.
● Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei.
Aster ageratoides var. holophyllus Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 144. 1859.
异叶三脉紫菀 yi ye san mai zi wan
Aster nigrescens Vaniot.
Stems multibranched. Middle leaves oblong-lanceolate, margin roughly serrate, upper leaves smaller, margin often entire. Phyllaries narrow, apex green, often ?brown mucronate.
● S Gansu, Hebei, NW Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, N Yunnan.
Aster ageratoides var. lasiocladus (Hayata) Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 215. 1938.
毛枝三脉紫菀 mao zhi san mai zi wan
Aster lasiocladus Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8: 49. 1919; A. ageratoides subsp. lasiocladus (Hayata) Kitamura; A. trinervius var. lasiocladus (Hayata) Yamamoto.
Stems yellow-brown or gray tomentose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, often smaller, 4-8 × 1-3 cm, thick, adaxially densely strigose, or densely tomentose, veins often rough hairy, margin shallowly dentate, apex obtuse or acute. Phyllaries thick, densely tomentose. Ray florets white.
● Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, SE Yunnan.
This variety is easy to distinguish from other varieties of Aster trinervius subsp. ageratoides and appears closer to A. trinervius subsp. trinervius, but the latter has thicker leaves and is more densely tomentose.
This plant is used medicinally for treating common colds and headaches, osteodynia, and snakebites.
Aster ageratoides var. laticorymbus (Vaniot) Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 214. 1938.
宽伞三脉紫菀 kuan san san mai zi wan
Aster laticorymbus Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 494. 1903.
Stems multibranched. Middle leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, abaxially often glabrescent, base attenuate, margin with 7- or 8-paired serrae, upper leaves ovate or lanceolate, small, margin entire or toothed. Phyllaries narrow, apex green. Ray florets often white. 2n = 18*, 36*, 54*.
● Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
Aster ageratoides var. leiophyllus (Franchet & Savatier) Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 164. 1985.
光叶三脉紫菀 guang ye san mai zi wan
Aster leiophyllus Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 223. 1875; A. ageratoides f. leucanthus Kitamura; A. ageratoides subsp. leiophyllus (Franchet & Savatier) Kitamura.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, abaxially with short rough hairs on veins, adaxially ± strigose, base abruptly narrowed, sessile or shortly petiolate, margin densely acute-serrate, apex long acuminate. Capitula small, slender pedunculate. Involucre obconic when dry, ca. 4 × 5-6 mm; phyllary apex obtuse, apically brown. Ray florets white. Pappus white or red-brown. 2n = 18, 18+1-3B, 27, 34, 36+0-4B, 37, 54, 81.
Taiwan [Japan].
Aster ageratoides var. micranthus Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 356. 1985.
小花三脉紫菀 xiao hua san mai zi wan
Stems 60-100 cm tall, slender, multibranched. Leaves linear-lanceolate, thinly papery, subglabrous on both surfaces, areoles adaxially ± foamy; middle leaves 6-17 × 0.4-1.5 cm, margin sparsely shallowly toothed or subentire. Capitula small, in axillary and terminal corymbs; peduncle slender. Involucre 3-4 × 4-5 mm; phyllaries thin, apex purple-brown or green. Ray florets white, linear, 4-5 mm; disk florets and pappus ca. 4 mm. 2n = 18*.
● Forests, thickets. Sichuan.
Aster ageratoides var. oophyllus Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 161. 1985.
卵叶三脉紫菀 luan ye san mai zi wan
Aster blinii H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 344. 1914.
Leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, rather thick, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially strigose, margin shallowly serrate. Phyllaries reddish at apex. Ray florets reddish or white.
● Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan; rarely seen in N China.
Y. Ling published Aster ageratoides var. oophyllus as a "nom. nov." based on A. ageratoides var. ovatus (Franchet & Savatier) Handel-Mazzetti, but he explicitly excluded the basionym (and thereby the type) of the latter name, i.e., A. trinervius var. ovatus Franchet & Savatier. Ling did not indicate a type for A. ageratoides var. oophyllus, which cannot, therefore, be validly published as the name of a new taxon; however, he cited A. blinii in synonymy with a full and direct reference to its author and place of valid publication, hence var. oophyllus was validly published as a replacement name based on A. blinii.
Aster ageratoides var. pendulus W. P. Li & G. X. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 44: 349. 2006.
垂茎三脉紫菀 chui jing san mai zi wan
Stems pendent, multibranched. Basal and lower cauline leaves abaxially very often purple. Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, adaxially often hispid, base attenuate, margin with ca. 4-paired serrae. Phyllaries 1.25-1.75 mm wide, apex green. Ray florets white. 2n = 60-92*.
● N Hunan (Shimen: Huping Shan).
Aster ageratoides var. pilosus (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 214. 1938.
长毛三脉紫菀 chang mao san mai zi wan
Aster trinervius var. pilosus Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 610. 1901 ["pilosa"].
Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, rather thick, abaxially densely shortly hairy, glandular, adaxially shortly strigillose, adaxially on veins and stems spreading white or gray long hairy, hairs ca. 1 mm, base gradually or abruptly attenuate, margin shallowly serrate. Phyllaries purple-brown at apex.
● W Hubei, S Shaanxi, C and E Sichuan.
Aster ageratoides var. scaberulus (Miquel) Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 162. 1985.
微糙三脉紫菀 wei cao san mai zi wan
Aster scaberulus Miquel, J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 100. 1861; A. trinervius f. pubescens Kuntze.
Leaves usually ovate or ovate-lanceolate, thicker, abaxially densely puberulent, densely glandular, veins often villous, or glabrescent, adaxially densely strigose, base gradually or abruptly attenuate into narrowly winged or unwinged short petiole, margin shallowly 6-9-serrate. Involucres 5-7 × 6-10 mm; phyllary apex green. Ray florets white or tinged red.
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, E Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Vietnam].
Some of the varieties listed here under Aster trinervius subsp. ageratoides have available names under A. trinervius, while others do not. In view of the fact that all of the varieties have names under A. ageratoides, those names are used here in preference to publishing new combinations, pending the necessary thorough investigation mentioned above.
Aster ageratoides var. ageratoides
三脉紫菀(原变种) san mai zi wan (yuan bian zhong)
Aster adustus (Maximowicz) Koidzumi ex Nakai; A. ageratoides f. adustus (Maximowicz) Zdorovjeva; A. ageratoides var. adustus Maximowicz; A. quelpaertensis H. Léveillé & Vaniot; A. trinervius Roxburgh ex D. Don var. adustus (Maximowicz) Franchet & Savatier; A. trinervius var. potaninii Diels; A. trinervius var. rosthornii Diels.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, thin, adaxially densely strigose, abaxially sparsely hairy or glabrous, veins ± hairy, slightly glandular, margin coarsely serrate. Involucres 5-7 × 6-10 mm, apex purple-brown. Ray florets purple or red.
S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan [Korea, Russia (E Siberia)].
Aster ageratoides var. firmus (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 215. 1938.
坚叶三脉紫菀 jian ye san mai zi wan
Aster trinervius var. firmus Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 610. 1901 ["firma"].
Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, thickly papery, abaxially long rough hairy on veins, veins conspicuously reticulate, adaxially densely strigose, glabrescent, often lucid, areoles foamy. Ray florets white or tinged red.
N Anhui, W Hunan, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, N Yunnan [S Himalayan region].
Aster ageratoides var. gerlachii (Hance) C. C. Chang ex Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 163. 1985.
狭叶三脉紫菀 xia ye san mai zi wan
Aster gerlachii Hance, J. Bot. 18: 262. 1880; A. curvatus Vaniot.
Stems strigose in upper part. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5-8 × 0.7-1 cm, abaxially subglabrous, adaxially sparsely rough hairy, base attenuate, margin shallowly serrate, apex acuminate. Phyllary apex green. Ray florets white. 2n = 36*.
● Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei.
Aster ageratoides var. holophyllus Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 144. 1859.
异叶三脉紫菀 yi ye san mai zi wan
Aster nigrescens Vaniot.
Stems multibranched. Middle leaves oblong-lanceolate, margin roughly serrate, upper leaves smaller, margin often entire. Phyllaries narrow, apex green, often ?brown mucronate.
● S Gansu, Hebei, NW Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, N Yunnan.
Aster ageratoides var. lasiocladus (Hayata) Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 215. 1938.
毛枝三脉紫菀 mao zhi san mai zi wan
Aster lasiocladus Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8: 49. 1919; A. ageratoides subsp. lasiocladus (Hayata) Kitamura; A. trinervius var. lasiocladus (Hayata) Yamamoto.
Stems yellow-brown or gray tomentose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, often smaller, 4-8 × 1-3 cm, thick, adaxially densely strigose, or densely tomentose, veins often rough hairy, margin shallowly dentate, apex obtuse or acute. Phyllaries thick, densely tomentose. Ray florets white.
● Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, SE Yunnan.
This variety is easy to distinguish from other varieties of Aster trinervius subsp. ageratoides and appears closer to A. trinervius subsp. trinervius, but the latter has thicker leaves and is more densely tomentose.
This plant is used medicinally for treating common colds and headaches, osteodynia, and snakebites.
Aster ageratoides var. laticorymbus (Vaniot) Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 214. 1938.
宽伞三脉紫菀 kuan san san mai zi wan
Aster laticorymbus Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 494. 1903.
Stems multibranched. Middle leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, abaxially often glabrescent, base attenuate, margin with 7- or 8-paired serrae, upper leaves ovate or lanceolate, small, margin entire or toothed. Phyllaries narrow, apex green. Ray florets often white. 2n = 18*, 36*, 54*.
● Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
Aster ageratoides var. leiophyllus (Franchet & Savatier) Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 164. 1985.
光叶三脉紫菀 guang ye san mai zi wan
Aster leiophyllus Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 223. 1875; A. ageratoides f. leucanthus Kitamura; A. ageratoides subsp. leiophyllus (Franchet & Savatier) Kitamura.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, abaxially with short rough hairs on veins, adaxially ± strigose, base abruptly narrowed, sessile or shortly petiolate, margin densely acute-serrate, apex long acuminate. Capitula small, slender pedunculate. Involucre obconic when dry, ca. 4 × 5-6 mm; phyllary apex obtuse, apically brown. Ray florets white. Pappus white or red-brown. 2n = 18, 18+1-3B, 27, 34, 36+0-4B, 37, 54, 81.
Taiwan [Japan].
Aster ageratoides var. micranthus Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 356. 1985.
小花三脉紫菀 xiao hua san mai zi wan
Stems 60-100 cm tall, slender, multibranched. Leaves linear-lanceolate, thinly papery, subglabrous on both surfaces, areoles adaxially ± foamy; middle leaves 6-17 × 0.4-1.5 cm, margin sparsely shallowly toothed or subentire. Capitula small, in axillary and terminal corymbs; peduncle slender. Involucre 3-4 × 4-5 mm; phyllaries thin, apex purple-brown or green. Ray florets white, linear, 4-5 mm; disk florets and pappus ca. 4 mm. 2n = 18*.
● Forests, thickets. Sichuan.
Aster ageratoides var. oophyllus Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 161. 1985.
卵叶三脉紫菀 luan ye san mai zi wan
Aster blinii H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 344. 1914.
Leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, rather thick, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially strigose, margin shallowly serrate. Phyllaries reddish at apex. Ray florets reddish or white.
● Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan; rarely seen in N China.
Y. Ling published Aster ageratoides var. oophyllus as a "nom. nov." based on A. ageratoides var. ovatus (Franchet & Savatier) Handel-Mazzetti, but he explicitly excluded the basionym (and thereby the type) of the latter name, i.e., A. trinervius var. ovatus Franchet & Savatier. Ling did not indicate a type for A. ageratoides var. oophyllus, which cannot, therefore, be validly published as the name of a new taxon; however, he cited A. blinii in synonymy with a full and direct reference to its author and place of valid publication, hence var. oophyllus was validly published as a replacement name based on A. blinii.
Aster ageratoides var. pendulus W. P. Li & G. X. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 44: 349. 2006.
垂茎三脉紫菀 chui jing san mai zi wan
Stems pendent, multibranched. Basal and lower cauline leaves abaxially very often purple. Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, adaxially often hispid, base attenuate, margin with ca. 4-paired serrae. Phyllaries 1.25-1.75 mm wide, apex green. Ray florets white. 2n = 60-92*.
● N Hunan (Shimen: Huping Shan).
Aster ageratoides var. pilosus (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 214. 1938.
长毛三脉紫菀 chang mao san mai zi wan
Aster trinervius var. pilosus Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 610. 1901 ["pilosa"].
Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, rather thick, abaxially densely shortly hairy, glandular, adaxially shortly strigillose, adaxially on veins and stems spreading white or gray long hairy, hairs ca. 1 mm, base gradually or abruptly attenuate, margin shallowly serrate. Phyllaries purple-brown at apex.
● W Hubei, S Shaanxi, C and E Sichuan.
Aster ageratoides var. scaberulus (Miquel) Y. Ling, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 74: 162. 1985.
微糙三脉紫菀 wei cao san mai zi wan
Aster scaberulus Miquel, J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 100. 1861; A. trinervius f. pubescens Kuntze.
Leaves usually ovate or ovate-lanceolate, thicker, abaxially densely puberulent, densely glandular, veins often villous, or glabrescent, adaxially densely strigose, base gradually or abruptly attenuate into narrowly winged or unwinged short petiole, margin shallowly 6-9-serrate. Involucres 5-7 × 6-10 mm; phyllary apex green. Ray florets white or tinged red.
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, E Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Vietnam].