牡蒿Artemisia japonica Thunb.
牡蒿Artemisia japonica Thunb.
178. 牡蒿（名医别录） 蔚（诗经），牡菣（尔雅），齐头蒿（唐·新修本草），水辣菜（救荒本草），土柴胡（陆川本草），油蒿、花等草（吉林），布菜、铁菜子（河北、山东），日本牡蒿（河北、陕西），假柴胡、菊叶柴胡（广西），流水蒿、香蒿、茼蒿（四川、云南），鸡肉菜、脚板蒿（湖北、湖南），青蒿、香青蒿（上海），油艾（福建），花艾草、六月雪（浙江），熊掌草、白花蒿（江苏），细艾（湖北），匙叶艾（台湾），“胃痛灵”（瑶族土名）
Artemisia japonica Thunb. Fl. Jap. 308. 1784: Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1847. 1800; Bess. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 8: 50. 1835; DC. Prodr. 6: 100. 1837: Benth. Fl. Hongk. 196. 1861: Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb 8: 526. 1872, incl. var. japonica. Maxim.; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 168. 1884: Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot 23: 443. 1888; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 617. 1901; Komar. Fl. Mansh. 3: 654. 1907, excl. syn.; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 33. 1911, in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 99. 1912 et Fl. Sylv. Kor. 14: 100. 1923, incl. var. japonica Maxim. f. typica Nakai; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3(5): 585. 1924: Merr. Enum. Philip. Pl. 3: 616. 1923 et in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 185. 1927: Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot: Ital. n. s. 34: 660. 1927, 36: 384. 1929, 41: 566. 1939 et in Act. Hort. Gothob. 6: 71, 81. 1939, incl. var. japonica Maxim. f. typica Nakai cum subf. laxiflora Pamp., subf. intermedia Pamp., subf. spathulata Pamp., var. macrocephala Pamp. cum f. chinensis Pamp. et var. myriocephala Pamp. cum f. silvestris Pamp. et var. lanata Pamp. in Lav. Inst. Bot. Univ. Cagl. 8: 3. 1938: Komar. et Alis. Key Pl. Far East. Reg. USSR 2: 1035. 1932; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Pcad. 2(10): 512. 1934 et 4: 36. 1936; Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 87. 1936, 23(1-2): 12. 1968, in Mem Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 15(3): 384. 1940, Fl. Afghan. 386. 1960. et in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 332. 1966; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1114. 1936 et in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 276. 1938; Chang in Sunyatsenia. 3(4): 294. 1937; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 425. 1939; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 1190. 1956; 东北植物检索表 394, 图版136, 图2. 1959; 江苏南部种子植物手册, 780, 图 1258. 1959; Poljak. Фл. СССР 26: 545. 1961; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18(3-4): 233. 1965; Noda, Fl. N.-E. Prov. (Manch.) China 1214. 1971; 海南植物志 3: 415, 图818. 1974. p.p.;中国高等植物图鉴 4: 527, 图6467. 1975; 台湾植物志 4: 789. 1978; 江苏植物志下: 871, 图2189. 1982; 西藏植物志 4: 783. 1985. ——A. gl abrata Wall. ex Bess. l. c. 8: 20. 1835. ——A. cuneifolia DC. l. c. 6: 126. 1837. ——A. morrisonensis Hayata var. minima Pamp: l. c. 34: 682. 1927., p. p ——A. subintegra Kitam. l. c. 3: 173. 1934. ——A. parviflora auct., non Buch. ——Ham. ex Roxb.: Aitch in Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 70. 1880, p. p.; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 322. 1881, p. p. ——dracunculus auct., non Linn.: Hook. f. l. c. 3: 321. 1881, p. p. ——Chrysanthemum is ponicum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 321. 1784. ——Oligosporus japonicus (Thunb.) Poljak. В Мат. Фл. Раст. Каэах. 11: 167. 1961; Czerep. Add. Corr. Fl. URSS (1-30) , 89. 1973.
形态特征：多年生草本，根状茎粗壮，茎直立常丛生。头状花序极多数，排列成复总状，总苞球形或矩圆形，瘦果长几达1毫米，无毛。
分 布：各地
生 境：荒地路旁
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：清热凉血、解暑
药用主治：清热凉血、解暑
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Artemisia japonica Thunberg Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 209. 1780.
牡蒿 mu hao
Herbs, perennial, 50-130 cm tall; rootstock 1.5-2.5 cm thick, woody, upper parts puberulent or glabrescent, strongly aromatic. Sterile stems 5-30 cm, leaves clustered at apex; leaf blade spatulate, 3.5-8 × 1-3 cm, pinnately lobed, toothed, apex rounded. Basal and lower stem leaves ± sessile; leaf blade oblong-obovate to broadly spatulate or flabellate, (3-)4-6(-8) × (1-)2-2.5(-3) cm, puberulent or glabrescent, obliquely pinnatipartite or -cleft from apex to center, few serrate apically. Middle stem leaves: leaf blade spatulate, cuneate, or narrowly spatulate, 2.5-3.5(-4.5) × 0.5-1(-2) cm, obliquely partite or cleft and few serrate at apex or lobes linear. Uppermost leaves 3-cleft or entire; leaflike bracts elliptic, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate. Synflorescence a ± narrow panicle, 15-20 × 3-15(-20) cm panicle; branches almost horizontal or obliquely patent, 3-20 cm. Capitula many, nodding, shortly to long pedunculate. Involucre ovoid or subglobose, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries glabrous, outermost ovate, very narrowly white scarious on margin, apex acute. Florets 12-15(-20), yellow. Marginal female florets 3-8(-11); corolla narrow, 2-toothed. Disk florets 5-10, male. Achenes dark brown, 0.8-1 mm, obovoid. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 18, 36, 37.
Forest margins, waste areas, shrublands, hills, slopes, roadsides; low elevations to 3300 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, E and S Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, E Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, E Russia, Thailand, Vietnam].
【拼音名】 Mǔ Hāo
【别名】 齐头蒿、野塘蒿、土柴胡[湖南、广东]
【来源】 菊科艾属植物牡蒿Artemisis japonica Thunb.以全草入药。未开花前采收，夏季晒干。
【性味】 苦、甘，平。
【功能主治】 清热，凉血，解暑。用于感冒发热，中暑，疟疾，肺结核潮热，高血压病；外用治创伤出血，疔疖肿毒。
【用法用量】 3～5钱；外用适量，鲜草捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：脚板蒿;牛尾巴蒿;蒿子;白鸡肉菜;齐天蒿;花艾草;假柴胡;米蒿;毛柴胡;流尿蒿;老鸦青;菊叶柴胡;马莲蒿;土青蒿;日本蒿;脐头蒿;齐头高;牡嵩;步步蒿;北柴胡;艾蒿;东北牡蒿;猴巴掌;千年蒿;白批;水棘菜;鸡脚痧;齐头蒿;鸭脚板草;土柴胡;芮帅见;水辣菜;铁蒿;青蒿;土苍术;蔚;蚊烟草;香蒿;熊掌草;虎爪子草;日本牡蒿;拨拉蒿;白花蒿;牛尾蒿;布菜子;香青蒿;择拢洼;油蒿;油艾;野塘蒿;野柴胡;艾;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：蒿属 Artemisia
178. 牡蒿（名医别录） 蔚（诗经），牡菣（尔雅），齐头蒿（唐·新修本草），水辣菜（救荒本草），土柴胡（陆川本草），油蒿、花等草（吉林），布菜、铁菜子（河北、山东），日本牡蒿（河北、陕西），假柴胡、菊叶柴胡（广西），流水蒿、香蒿、茼蒿（四川、云南），鸡肉菜、脚板蒿（湖北、湖南），青蒿、香青蒿（上海），油艾（福建），花艾草、六月雪（浙江），熊掌草、白花蒿（江苏），细艾（湖北），匙叶艾（台湾），“胃痛灵”（瑶族土名）
Artemisia japonica Thunb. Fl. Jap. 308. 1784: Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1847. 1800; Bess. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 8: 50. 1835; DC. Prodr. 6: 100. 1837: Benth. Fl. Hongk. 196. 1861: Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb 8: 526. 1872, incl. var. japonica. Maxim.; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 168. 1884: Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot 23: 443. 1888; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 617. 1901; Komar. Fl. Mansh. 3: 654. 1907, excl. syn.; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 33. 1911, in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 99. 1912 et Fl. Sylv. Kor. 14: 100. 1923, incl. var. japonica Maxim. f. typica Nakai; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3(5): 585. 1924: Merr. Enum. Philip. Pl. 3: 616. 1923 et in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 185. 1927: Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot: Ital. n. s. 34: 660. 1927, 36: 384. 1929, 41: 566. 1939 et in Act. Hort. Gothob. 6: 71, 81. 1939, incl. var. japonica Maxim. f. typica Nakai cum subf. laxiflora Pamp., subf. intermedia Pamp., subf. spathulata Pamp., var. macrocephala Pamp. cum f. chinensis Pamp. et var. myriocephala Pamp. cum f. silvestris Pamp. et var. lanata Pamp. in Lav. Inst. Bot. Univ. Cagl. 8: 3. 1938: Komar. et Alis. Key Pl. Far East. Reg. USSR 2: 1035. 1932; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Pcad. 2(10): 512. 1934 et 4: 36. 1936; Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 87. 1936, 23(1-2): 12. 1968, in Mem Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 15(3): 384. 1940, Fl. Afghan. 386. 1960. et in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 332. 1966; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1114. 1936 et in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 276. 1938; Chang in Sunyatsenia. 3(4): 294. 1937; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 425. 1939; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 1190. 1956; 东北植物检索表 394, 图版136, 图2. 1959; 江苏南部种子植物手册, 780, 图 1258. 1959; Poljak. Фл. СССР 26: 545. 1961; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18(3-4): 233. 1965; Noda, Fl. N.-E. Prov. (Manch.) China 1214. 1971; 海南植物志 3: 415, 图818. 1974. p.p.;中国高等植物图鉴 4: 527, 图6467. 1975; 台湾植物志 4: 789. 1978; 江苏植物志下: 871, 图2189. 1982; 西藏植物志 4: 783. 1985. ——A. gl abrata Wall. ex Bess. l. c. 8: 20. 1835. ——A. cuneifolia DC. l. c. 6: 126. 1837. ——A. morrisonensis Hayata var. minima Pamp: l. c. 34: 682. 1927., p. p ——A. subintegra Kitam. l. c. 3: 173. 1934. ——A. parviflora auct., non Buch. ——Ham. ex Roxb.: Aitch in Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 70. 1880, p. p.; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 322. 1881, p. p. ——dracunculus auct., non Linn.: Hook. f. l. c. 3: 321. 1881, p. p. ——Chrysanthemum is ponicum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 321. 1784. ——Oligosporus japonicus (Thunb.) Poljak. В Мат. Фл. Раст. Каэах. 11: 167. 1961; Czerep. Add. Corr. Fl. URSS (1-30) , 89. 1973.
形态特征：多年生草本，根状茎粗壮，茎直立常丛生。头状花序极多数，排列成复总状，总苞球形或矩圆形，瘦果长几达1毫米，无毛。
分 布：各地
生 境：荒地路旁
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：清热凉血、解暑
药用主治：清热凉血、解暑
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Artemisia japonica Thunberg Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 209. 1780.
牡蒿 mu hao
Herbs, perennial, 50-130 cm tall; rootstock 1.5-2.5 cm thick, woody, upper parts puberulent or glabrescent, strongly aromatic. Sterile stems 5-30 cm, leaves clustered at apex; leaf blade spatulate, 3.5-8 × 1-3 cm, pinnately lobed, toothed, apex rounded. Basal and lower stem leaves ± sessile; leaf blade oblong-obovate to broadly spatulate or flabellate, (3-)4-6(-8) × (1-)2-2.5(-3) cm, puberulent or glabrescent, obliquely pinnatipartite or -cleft from apex to center, few serrate apically. Middle stem leaves: leaf blade spatulate, cuneate, or narrowly spatulate, 2.5-3.5(-4.5) × 0.5-1(-2) cm, obliquely partite or cleft and few serrate at apex or lobes linear. Uppermost leaves 3-cleft or entire; leaflike bracts elliptic, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate. Synflorescence a ± narrow panicle, 15-20 × 3-15(-20) cm panicle; branches almost horizontal or obliquely patent, 3-20 cm. Capitula many, nodding, shortly to long pedunculate. Involucre ovoid or subglobose, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries glabrous, outermost ovate, very narrowly white scarious on margin, apex acute. Florets 12-15(-20), yellow. Marginal female florets 3-8(-11); corolla narrow, 2-toothed. Disk florets 5-10, male. Achenes dark brown, 0.8-1 mm, obovoid. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 18, 36, 37.
Forest margins, waste areas, shrublands, hills, slopes, roadsides; low elevations to 3300 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, E and S Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, E Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, E Russia, Thailand, Vietnam].
《全国中草药汇编》:牡蒿
【拼音名】 Mǔ Hāo
【别名】 齐头蒿、野塘蒿、土柴胡[湖南、广东]
【来源】 菊科艾属植物牡蒿Artemisis japonica Thunb.以全草入药。未开花前采收，夏季晒干。
【性味】 苦、甘，平。
【功能主治】 清热，凉血，解暑。用于感冒发热，中暑，疟疾，肺结核潮热，高血压病；外用治创伤出血，疔疖肿毒。
【用法用量】 3～5钱；外用适量，鲜草捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》