栏目

细裂叶莲蒿Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm.

细裂叶莲蒿Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm.

别名:两色万年蒿(内蒙占植物志),小裂齿蒿(青 海)"

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:蒿属 Artemisia

《中国植物志》第76(2)卷047页
  29.细裂叶莲蒿(中国高等植物图鉴)两色万年蒿(内蒙古植物志),小裂齿蒿(青海)
  Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. Artem. 30. 1775; Bess. in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 3: 26. 1834. incl. var. biebersteiniana Bess. et var. legitima Bess.; Turcz. Fl. Baic.-Dahur. 2: 57. 1845; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 31. 1911 et Fl. Sylv. Kor. 14: 128. 1923. p. p., incl. var. discolor (Komar.) Nakai——A. turczaninoviana Bess. l. c. 3: 23. 1834. p. p.——A. stechmanniana Bess. l. c. 3: , 35. 1834. p. p. incl. var. sibirica Bess. ——A. santolinifolia Turcz. ex Bess. l. c. 3: 8 7. 1834; Poljak . Фл. СССР 26: 465. 1961; Filat.Фл. Каэах. 9: 91, Tab. 10. fig. 3. 1966; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 536. 1965; Lauen. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34(3): 355. 1976; Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 4: 183. 1976;西藏植物志4: 756.1985.——A. sacrorum Ledeb. In Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 5: 571. 1805. p. p., Fl. Alt. 4: 72. 1833. p. p. et Fl. Ross. 2 (2): 578. 1844-1846. p. p: , incl. var. minor Ledeb.; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 326. 1881; Komar. Fl. Mansh. 3: 664. 1907. p. p., incl. var. minor Ledeb. f. discolor Komar.; Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 34: 689-693. 1927 et 36: 387. 1929. p. p., incl. var. minor Ledeb. et var. santolinifolia (Turcz. ex Bess.) Pamp. cum forms et subforins; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2(10): 519. 1934; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7(4): 1116. 1936; Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 66. 1938 et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 15(3): 407. 1940; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18(3-4): 254. 1965. p. p., incl. subsp. manshurica Kitam.——A. turschaninowiaria Krasn. Enum. Pl. Tian Shan Or. 68. 1887. 一A. freyniana (Pamp.) Krasch. f. discolor (Komar.) Kitag. in Journ. Jap Bot. 41: 367. 1936. ——A. vestita Wall. ex Bess. var. discolor (Komar.) Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 434. 1939. p. p.;东北植物检索表 388. 1959. p. p.;内蒙古植物志 6: 152. 1982. p. p.
  半灌木状草本。主根稍粗,木质;根状茎略粗,木质,直径1-2厘米,有多数多年生木质的营养枝。茎通常多数,丛生,高10-40(-80)厘米,下部木质,上部半木质,紫红色,自下部分枝,稀不分枝;茎、枝初时被灰白色绒毛,后渐稀疏或无毛。叶上面初时被灰白色短柔毛,后渐稀疏或近无毛,暗绿色,常有凹穴与白色腺点或凹皱纹,背面密被灰色或淡灰黄色蛛丝状柔毛;茎下部、中部与营养枝叶卵形或三角状卵形,长2-4厘米,宽1-2厘米,二至三回栉齿状的羽状分裂,第一至二回为羽状全裂,每侧裂片4-5枚,裂片间排列紧密,小裂片栉齿状的短线形或短线状披针形,边缘通常具数枚小栉齿,栉齿长1-2毫米,宽0.2-0.5毫米,稀无小栉齿,叶柄长0.8-1.3厘米,基部有小型栉齿状分裂的假托叶;上部叶一至二回栉齿状的羽状分裂;苞片叶呈栉齿状羽状分裂或不分裂,而为披针形或披针状线形。头状花序近球形,直径3-4(-6)毫米,有短梗或近无梗,斜生或下垂,密集着生在茎端或在分枝端排成穗状花序或为穗状花序式的总状花序,并在茎上组成狭窄的总状花序式的圆锥花序;总苞片3-4层,外层总苞片椭圆形或椭圆状披针形,背面有灰白色短柔毛或近无毛,边缘狭膜质,中层总苞片卵形,无毛,边缘宽膜质,内层总苞片膜质花序托凸起,半球形;雌花10-12朵,花冠狭圆锥状,背面有腺点,花柱线形,略伸出花冠外,先端2叉;两性花40-60朵,花冠管状,背面微有腺点,花药线形,上端附属物尖,长三角形,基部钝,花柱与花冠近等长,先端2叉,叉端截形,有睫毛。瘦果长圆形,果壁上有细纵纹。花果期8-10月。
  产内蒙古(西部)、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、四川(西部)及西藏;生于海拔1 500-4 900米的山坡、草原、半荒漠草原、草甸、灌丛、砾质阶地、滩地等,在局部地区成为植物群落的优势种或主要伴生种。蒙古、苏联(中亚、西伯利亚、欧洲部分)也有。模式标本采自苏联黑海东部地区。
  作者比较了A. gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. (1775) 与后来被定名为A. santolinifolia Turcz. ex Bess. (1834) 的模式标本(存英国邱植物园标本馆),发现二者体态、叶、头状花序等特征完全相同,故后者为晚出异名,应归在前者中。
形态特征:半灌木状草本。主根稍粗,木质;根状茎略粗,木质,直径1—2厘米,有多数多年生木质的营养枝。茎通常多数,丛生,高10—40(一80)厘米,下部木质,上部半木质,紫红色,自下部分枝,稀不分枝;茎、枝初时被灰白色绒毛,后渐稀疏或无毛。叶上面初时被灰白色短柔毛,后渐稀疏或近无毛,暗绿色,常有凹穴与白色腺点或凹皱纹,背面密被灰色或淡灰黄色蛛丝状柔毛;茎下部、中部与营养枝叶卵形或三角状卵形,长2—4厘米,宽1—2厘米,二至三回栉齿状的羽状分裂,第一至二回为羽状全裂,每侧裂片4—5枚,裂片间排列紧密,小裂片栉齿状的短线形或短线状披针形,边缘通常具数枚小栉齿,栉齿长1—2毫米,宽0.2—0.5毫米,稀无小栉齿,叶柄长0.8—1.3厘米,基部有小型栉齿状分裂的假托叶;上部叶一至二回栉齿状的羽状分裂;苞片叶呈栉齿状羽状分裂或不分裂,而为披针形或披针状线形。头状花序近球形,直径3—4(一6)毫米,有短梗或近无梗,斜生或下垂,密集着生在茎端或在分枝端排成穗状花序或为穗状花序式的总状花序,并在茎上组成狭窄的总状花序式的圆锥花序;总苞片3—4层,外层总苞片椭圆形或椭圆状披针形,背面有灰白色短柔毛或近无毛,边缘狭膜质,中层总苞片卵形,无毛,边缘宽膜质,内层总苞片膜质花序托凸起,半球形;雌花10—12朵,花冠狭圆锥状,背面有腺点,花柱线形,略伸出花冠外,先端2叉;两性花40一60朵,花冠管状,背面微有腺点,花药线形,上端附属物尖,长三角形,基部钝,花柱与花冠近等长,先端2叉,叉端截形,有睫毛。瘦果长圆形,果壁上有细纵纹。花果期8—10月。
产地分布:产内蒙古(西部)、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、四川(西部)及西藏;生于海拔1500—4900米的山坡、草原、半荒漠草原、草甸、灌丛、砾质阶地、滩地等,在局部地区成为植物群落的优势种或主要伴生种。蒙古、苏联(中亚、西伯利亚、欧洲部分)也有。模式标本采自苏联黑海东部地区。
本种提示:作者比较了人gmeliniiWeb,exStechm.(1775)与后来被定名为A.Santolini-foliaTurcz.ExBess.(1834)的模式标本(存英国邱植物园标本馆),发现二者体态、叶、头状花序等特征完全相同,故后者为晚出异名,应归在前者中。
参考文献:Artemisia gmelinii Web.Ex Stechm.Artem.30.1775;Bess. In Nouv. M6m. Soc. Nat. MOSC. 3:26. 1 834. Incl, var. Biebersteiniana Bess. Er var.Legitima Bess.;Turcz.F1.Baic.—Dahur.2:57.1845;Nakai,F1.Kor.2:31.1 911 et F1.Sylv, Kor.14:128.1923.P.P·,incl.var.Discolor(Komar.)Nakai——A.Turczaninoviana Bess.1.C.3:23.1834.P.P.——A.Stechmanniana Bess.I.C. 3:35. 1 834.P.P. Incl.var.Sibirica Bess.——A.Santolinifolia Turcz.Ex Bess.1.C.3:87.1834;Poij— ak.φπ.CCCP 26:465.1961;Filat.Φπ. Ka3ax.9:91,Tab. 10.Hg.3. 1966;中国高 等植物图鉴4: 536.1965;Iauen,in Not.Bot.Gard.Edinb.34(3):355.1976;Tutin et a1.F1.Europ.4:183.1976;西藏植物志4: 756.1985.——A.Sacrorum Ledeb.In M6m. Acad. Sci.. F6tersb. 5:571. 1805,P. P.,F1. A1t.4:72. 1833. P. P. Et F1. ROSS. 2(2): 578. 1844—1846· p. P·, inc]. Var. Minor Ledeb.; Hook. F. F1. Brit.Ind. 3:326. 1881;Komar.F1. Mansh. 3:664. 1907.P. P·, incl. Var. Minor Ledeb.F. Discolor Komar.;Pamp.In NUOV.Giorn.Bot.Ital.N.S.34:689—693. 1927 et 36: 387. 1929. P. P,, incl. Var. Minor Ledeb. Et var. Santolinifolia (Turcz. Ex Bess.) Pamp.Cum forms et subforms;Ling in Contr, Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2(10): 519. 1934;Hand.—Mazz.Symb.Sin.7(4):1116.1936;Kitam.In Act.Phytotax.Geo— bot. 7:66. 1938 et in Mem.C011.Sci.Kyoto Univ.Ser.B.15(3):407. 1940;S. Y. Hu in Quart, Journ. Taiwan Mus.18(3—4): 254. 1 965. P.P., incl. subsP.Man— Shurica Kitam.—— A.Turschan;nowiana Krasn. Enum. P1. Tian Shan Or. 68. 1887.一一A.Freyniana (Pamp.)Krasch.F.Discolor (Komar.) Kitag.In,Journ.jaP, Bot.41:367.1936.——A.Vestita Wall.Ex Bess.Var.Discolor(Komar.)Kitag.Lin- eam.P1.Mansh.434.1939.P.P.;东北植物检索表3S8. 1959. P.P.;内蒙古植物志 6:152.1982.P.P.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Artemisia gmelinii  Weber ex Stechmann Artemis. 30. 1775.
细裂叶莲蒿   xi lie ye lian hao
Subshrubs, caespitose, 50-100(-150) cm tall, from woody rhizomes, densely pubescent, or glabrescent. Stems branched from upper parts. Leaves gland-dotted. Middle stem leaves: petiole 1-5 cm, triangular- or elliptic-ovate, 2-10 × 2-8 cm, 2- or 3-pinnatisect; segments 3-5 pairs; lobules serrate or pectinate; rachis serrate. Uppermost leaves and leaflike bracts 1- or 2-pinnatisect or entire; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate. Synflorescence a broad panicle. Capitula nodding. Involucre globose, 2-3.5(-5) mm in diam.; phyllaries puberulent, sometimes glabrescent. Marginal female florets 10-12; corolla narrowly tubular, ca. 1.3 mm, densely gland-dotted. Disk florets 20-40, bisexual; corolla ca. 1.8 mm. Achenes ellipsoid-ovoid or ellipsoid-conical. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 18, 36.
Hills, waysides, shrublands, slopes, often dominant on S slopes, roadsides, forest steppes, steppes, meadows, dry floodlands, wastelands; 1000-4900 m or below. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang; one variety widespread throughout China [Afghanistan, N India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, N Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; E Europe].
Poljakov (Fl. URSS 26: 465. 1961) showed that Artemisia sacrorum and the type of A. gmelinii are conspecific. Most material previously identified as A. gmelinii by Chinese authors belongs to A. stechmanniana.Poljakov (Fl. URSS 26: 465. 1961) showed that Artemisia sacrorum and the type of A. gmelinii are conspecific. Most material previously identified as A. gmelinii by Chinese authors belongs to A. stechmanniana.

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