龙蒿Artemisia dracunculus Linn.

别名：tarragon;椒蒿;蛇蒿;狭叶蒿;狭叶青蒿;狭叶龙蒿;紫香蒿;伊西根-协日乐吉;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：蒿属 Artemisia

《中国植物志》第76(2)卷186页
  135. 龙蒿 (植物研究）　狭叶青蒿 (中国高等植物图鉴），蛇蒿 (兰州植物通志），椒蒿(新疆)，青蒿 (新疆、甘肃)，“伊舍根一沙里尔日”、“伊舍根一沙瓦格” (蒙语名)
  Artemisia dracunculus Linn. Sp. Pl. 849. 1753: Bess. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 8: 54. 1835, incl. var. inodora Bess.; DC. Prodr. 6: 97. 1837; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2(2): 563. 1844-1846; Turcz. Fl. Baic.-Dahur. 2: 49. 1845: Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Si. Petersb. 8: 524. 1872: Boiss. Fl. Or. 4: 300. 1888; Komar. Fl. Mansh. 3: 658. 1907, incl. f. minor Komar.; Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 34: 653. 1927; Komar. et Alis. Key Pl. Far East. Reg. USSR 2: 1035. 1932; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 511. 1934; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 424. 1939; 东北植物检索表 393, 图版135, 图8. 1959, incl. var. inodora Bess.; Poljak. Фл. СССР 26: 529. 1961: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18(1-2): 131. 1965, incl. var. inodora Bess.: Filat. Фл. Каэах. 9: 105. 1966: Noda, Fl. N.-E. Prov. (Manch.) China 1211. 1971: 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 524, 图6462. 1975; Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 4: 185. 1976. ——A. inodora auct., non M. v. Bieb.: Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 864. 1809. -A. glauca auct., non Pall. ex Willd. quoad pl. Austr. ——Or. Asiatic.: Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 473. 1859 et in Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb.: 524. 1872: Forb. et Hemsl. In Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 443. 1888, p. p.: S. Y. Hu, l. c. 18(1-2): 134. 1965. ——A. desertorum Spreng. var. macrocephala auct. non Spreng.: Franch. Pl. Turk. 88. 1883. ——Oligosporus dracunculus (Linn.) Poljak. В Мат. Фл. Раст. Каэах. 11: 166. 1961; Czerep. Add. Corr. Fl. URSS (1-30) , 89. 1973.
形态特征：多年生草本，全株无毛，主根粗大，根状茎粗长。茎直立，多数丛生，略呈紫褐色，高50—150cm，中上部分枝，下部木质。下部叶花期枯萎;中部以上叶条状披针形至条形，长3—6cm，宽2—5mm，先端渐尖，全缘，两面无毛,无柄；上部叶小。头状花序球形，直径1．5—3mm，多数在茎上排列成开展的圆锥状，总苞片3层，边无毛，边缘雌花6—7枚，中央两性花较多。瘦果倒卵形，长约0．6mm，褐色(图71)。
地理分布：分布于我国北部及西北部；在国外蒙古、俄罗斯，欧洲东部也有。
生态特征：龙蒿为中生—早中生高大杂类草。适合于湿润、凉爽的气候。对土壤要求不严，在砂砾质草甸土、棕漠土、栗钙土等均可生长。龙蒿分布广，在新疆常散生于平原绿洲和低山丘陵，多在农区渠边出现。在内蒙古、东北的森林草原及草原带的草甸草原、山地草原、山地灌丛中为较常见的伴生种，局部可成为亚优势种或形成小群落，也散生于林缘、沟谷等地。新疆常见于海拔1500—3400m的中山带及山地河谷，河阶地。在帕米尔高原也多见于由新疆亚菊(Ajaniafastigiata)、银蒿(Artemisiaauslriaca)等组成山地荒漠草场上。在平原疏林草甸、河谷草甸常为伴生补或亚建群种。在伊犁海拔1400—2100m的地段作为建群种与沟羊茅(Festucasu-lcata)，假梯牧草(Phleumphleoides)、新疆早熟禾(Poarela-xa)等组成草甸草场。龙蒿生活力强，生长速度快，要求水分条件高，在水分适中的土壤上生长很高大，不耐盐碱。一般4月中旬返青，7—8月开花，8—9月结实，9月下旬枯黄。
饲用价值：青绿时期的龙蒿各种家畜都不采食。秋季枯黄后，适口性才有所提高，驴乐食，羊少量采食。晒制成干草各种家禽均可采食。冬季叶脱落，只残留粗大的茎秆，几无利用价值。龙蒿植株高 大，个体产量高，青干草养分含量丰富，粗蛋白质，无氮浸出物含量高，粗纤维较低。在阉牛瘤胃中48小时的消化率为62．20％。其化学成分如表71所示。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Artemisia dracunculus  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 849. 1753.
龙蒿   long hao
Subshrubs, (20-)40-150(-200) cm tall, with branched, woody rhizome; all parts densely to sparsely puberulent or tomentose, sparser with age, sometimes glabrescent. Leaves sessile or subsessile; basal leaf blades entire or 2- or 3-lobed at tip. Middle stem leaves linear-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or linear, (1.5-)3-7(-10) × (0.1-)0.2-0.6(-1) cm, entire or with apex 3-partite or -cleft, or with 1(or 2) small lateral lobes. Uppermost leaves and leaflike bracts linear or lanceolate, 5-30 × 1-2 mm. Synflorescence a broad to racemelike leafy panicle; branches ascending to erect, sometimes appressed, to 10 cm. Capitula remote to approximate, nodding; peduncles curved, to 5 mm. Involucre subglobose, ovoid, or hemispheric, 2-5 mm in diam.; phyllaries glabrescent, scarious margin broad, outer phyllaries oblong or lanceolate, inner orbicular-oblong. Marginal female florets 6-10[-15]; corolla 0.5-1 mm, glandular, 2-fid. Disk florets 4-14, male; corolla campanulate, 2-2.5, 5-lobed. Achenes obovoid or obovoid-ellipsoid. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 18, 36, 54, 72, 90.
Dry slopes, steppes, semidesert steppes, forest steppes, forest margins, waste areas, roadsides, terraces, subalpine meadows, meadow steppes, dry river valleys, rocky slopes, saline-alkaline soils; 500-3800 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, N Shaanxi, N Shanxi, Xinjiang, W Xizang [Afghanistan, N India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, N and W Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan; C and SW Asia, C, E, and W Europe, North America].
Artemisia dracunculus is cultivated as a culinary herb in Europe and used as a source of winter fodder for sheep in Xizang.Artemisia dracunculus is cultivated as a culinary herb in Europe and used as a source of winter fodder for sheep in Xizang.