栏目

木根香青Anaphalis xylorhiza Sch.-Bip. ex Hook. f.

木根香青Anaphalis xylorhiza Sch.-Bip. ex Hook. f.

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:香青属 Anaphalis

《中国植物志》第75卷201页
  42. 木根香青 图版31: 13-23
  Anaphalis xylorhiza Sch. -Bip. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 281. 1881; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 114. 1893; Hemsl. et Pearson in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 181. 1902; Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 15: 39. 1953; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiw. Mus. 18, 1-2: 116. 1965.
  根状茎粗壮,灌木状,多分枝,上部被鳞覆的枯叶残片,有顶生的莲座状叶丛和花茎,常密集成垫状。茎直立或斜升,高3-7厘米,有时达17厘米,草质,纤细,不分枝,被白色或灰白色蛛丝状毛或薄棉毛,有密生的叶。莲座状叶与茎下部叶匙形,长圆状或线状匙形,长0.5-3厘米,宽0.3-0.7厘米,下部渐狭成宽翅状长柄,顶端圆形,边缘平;上部叶渐小,直立或依附于茎上或花序上,倒披针状或线状长圆形,顶端钝,有小尖头,或渐尖,有枯焦状膜质长尖头;基部稍沿茎下延成短狭的翅;全部叶两面被白色或灰褐色疏棉毛,基部和上面除边缘外常脱毛且显露出头状短腺毛,有明显的三出脉,中脉在两面、侧脉在下面凸起,或上部叶单脉。头状花序5至10余个密集成复伞房状;花序梗短。总苞宽钟状或倒锥状,长5-6毫米,宽6毫米;总苞片约5层,开展,外层卵圆形,或卵状椭圆形,长约3毫米,被棉毛;内层长圆状披针形,长达6毫米,宽达2毫米,下部褐色或紫褐色,顶端尖,在雄株稍钝;最内层线状长圆形,长4毫米,有长达全长四分之三的爪部。花托有膜片状毛。雌株头状花序有多层雌花,中央有3-4个雄花;雄株头状花序全部有雄花。花冠长约3.5毫米。冠毛较花冠稍长;雄花冠毛上部稍粗扁,有微锯齿。瘦果长圆状倒卵形,长约1.5毫米,被微毛。花期7-9月,果期8-10月。
  产西藏南部(帕里、拉萨、茄莎、定结、南木林、卡尔达河谷、江孜)。生于高山草地,草原和苔藓中,海拔3800-4000米。尼泊尔、不丹及喜马拉雅其他地区也有分布。
  特异的小灌木,常垫状;由于生长和采集的情况不同,而呈鲜绿色,绿褐色或灰绿色(卡尔达河谷)。有一些植株的叶较大(宽达10毫米)而总苞片红紫色,可作为一个红花变型 f. rosea Ling, in sched. 。
形态特征:根状茎粗壮,灌木状,多分枝,上部被鳞覆的枯叶残片,有顶生的莲座状叶丛和花茎,常密集成垫状。茎直立或斜升,高3—7厘米,有时达17厘米,草质,纤细,不分枝,被白色或灰白色蛛丝状毛或薄棉毛,有密生的叶。莲座状叶与茎下部叶匙形,长圆状或线状匙形,长0.5—3厘米,宽0.3—0.7厘米,下部渐狭成宽翅状长柄;顶端圆形,边缘平;上部叶渐小,直立或依附于茎上或花序上,倒披针状或线状长圆形,顶端钝,有小尖头,或渐尖,有枯焦状膜质长尖头;基部稍沿茎下延成短狭的翅;全部叶两面被白色或灰褐色疏棉毛,基部和上面除边缘外常脱毛且显露出头状短腺毛,有明显的三出脉,中脉在两面、侧脉在下面凸起,或上部叶单脉。头状花序5至10余个密集成复伞房状;花序梗短。总苞宽钟状或倒锥状,长5—6毫米,宽6毫米;总苞片约5层,开展,外层卵圆形,或卵状椭圆形,长约3毫米,被棉毛,内层长圆状披针形,长达6毫米,宽达2毫米,下部褐色或紫褐色,顶端尖,在雄株稍钝;最内层线状长圆形,长4毫米,有长达全长四分之三的爪部。花托有膜片状毛。雌株头状花序有多层雌花,中央有3—4个雄花;雄株头状花序全部有雄花。花冠长约3.5毫米。冠毛较花冠稍长,雄花冠毛上部稍粗扁,有微锯齿。瘦果长圆状倒卵形,长约1.5毫米,被微毛。花期7—9月,果期8—10月。
产地分布:产西藏南部(帕里、拉萨、茄莎、定结、南木林、卡尔达河谷、江孜)。生于高山草地,草原和苔藓中,海拔3800—4000米。尼泊尔、不丹及喜马拉雅其他地区也有分布。
本种提示:特异的小灌木,常垫状,由于生长和采集的情况不同,而呈鲜绿色,绿褐色或灰绿色(卡尔达河谷)。有一些植株的叶较大(宽达10毫米)而总苞片红紫色,可作为一个红花变型f.RoseaLing,insehed·。
参考文献:Anaphalis xylorhiza Sch.,Bip·ex Hook.F·,F1.Brit.Ind.3:281.1881; Hemsl.In Journ.Linn.Soc.Bot.30;114.1893;Hemsl.Et Pearson in Jou· rn.Linn.Soc.Bot.35:181.19021 Kitam.In Act.Phytotax.Et Geobot.15: 39.1953;S.Y.Hu in Quart.Journ.Taiw.Mus.18,1——2:116.1965.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Anaphalis xylorhiza  Schultz Bipontinus ex J. D. Hooker Fl. Brit. India. 3: 281. 1881.
木根香青   mu gen xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, with numerous branches; upper leaves squamate, withered terminal rosette leaves and flowering stems congested to pulvinate. Stems erect or ascending, 3-7(-17) cm, slender, herbaceous, simple, white-canescent arachnoid tomentose, densely leafy. Rosette leaves and lower leaves spatulate, oblong, or linear-spatulate, 0.5-3 × 0.3-0.7 cm, base attenuate to a broadly winged long petiole, margin flat, apex rounded; upper leaves gradually smaller, erect or adherent to stem, oblanceolate or linear-oblong, base decurrent on stem into a short narrow wing, apex obtuse with short cusp or acuminate with withered long cusp; all leaves sparsely canescent taupe tomentose on both surfaces, basal and upper parts except margin usually denuded or with capitate glandular hairs, distinctly 3-veined, midvein raised on both surfaces, lateral veins raised abaxially, or upper leaves 1-veined. Capitula 5-10, densely compound corymbiform; peduncle short. Involucre broadly campanulate or obconical, 5-6 × ca. 6 mm; phyllaries 5-seriate, expanding; outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 3 mm, tomentose; middle ones oblong-lanceolate, ca. 6 × 2 mm, lower parts puce or purple-brown, acute at apex, in female florets slightly obtuse; innermost ones linear-oblong, ca. 4 mm, with a claw ca. 3/4 of full length. Receptacle with chaffy hairs. Predominantly female capitula with numerous marginal female florets, center with 3 or 4 male florets; predominantly male capitula with male florets only. Corolla tube ca. 3.5 mm. Pappus exceeding corolla, incrassate at tip of apex in male florets, serrulate. Achenes obovoid-oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, tomentose. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 28*.
Alpine grasslands and lichen-covered areas; 3800-4000 m. S Xizang [Bhutan, N India, Nepal].

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