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西藏香青Anaphalis tibetica Kitam.

西藏香青Anaphalis tibetica Kitam.

科名:菊科 Compositae

属名:香青属 Anaphalis

《中国植物志》第75卷185页
  28. 西藏香青 图版24: 1-13
  Anaphalis tibetica Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 15: 38, f. 2. 1953; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Tai. Mus. 18, 1-2: 115. 1965.
  根颈粗壮,灌木状,多分枝,根出条多数,上部被枯叶残片,与顶生的莲座状叶丛,与花茎密集丛生。茎直立,高15-35厘米,纤细,不分枝,下部木质,常宿存,被蛛丝状疏棉毛及头状具柄腺毛,下部多少脱毛,全部有密生的叶。下部叶较短,在花期枯萎;中部叶多少开展,线形,长2-3.5厘米,宽0.3-0.5厘米,基部沿茎下延成狭长的翅,边缘波状反卷,顶端稍钝,无明显的小尖头,顶部叶渐小,渐尖;全部叶上面绿色,被头状具柄腺毛,下面被白色密棉毛,有在下面稍高起的单脉。头状花序十余个至数十个,在茎和枝端密集成复伞房状,无花序梗,总花序梗被白色棉毛。总苞狭钟状,长4-6毫米,宽3-4毫米;总苞片约4-5层,外层宽卵圆形,长2.5毫米,不规则齿裂,浅或深褐色,被棉毛;内层椭圆形,长4.2-5毫米,宽达2毫米,浅黄色,顶端圆形;最内层匙状线形,稍短,有长达全长三分之二的爪部;雌株的总苞常较小。花托有繸状短毛。雌株头状花序外围有多层雌花,中央有1-4个雄花;雄株头状花序全部有雄花。花冠长3.5-4毫米。冠毛约与花冠等长,雄花冠毛上部粗扁,有锯齿。瘦果长圆形,长0.8毫米,被微毛。花期7-8月,果期8-9月。
  产西藏南部(打格章、隆子、拉萨、日喀则)。生于高山及亚高山针叶林下,灌丛中或山坡阳地,海拔3800-4100米。
  此种的模式采于西藏南部(拉萨),据原始记载,“总苞长3-3.5毫米”,“瘦果无毛”。我们见到的标本总苞较大,瘦果有毛,虽与此种的原始记载不符合,但仍应视为同一种。模式标本据原插图可能是头状花序未完全开放的植株,所以总苞较小。此种与江孜香青 A. deserti Drumm. 略相似,但后者的头状花序较大,叶上面初被蛛丝状毛,后多少脱毛,且茎有被棉毛的腋芽或短分枝,有疏生的叶(节间长3-4厘米),与本种(节间0.5-1厘米,稀达1.5厘米)不难区别。
形态特征:根颈粗壮,灌木状,多分枝,根出条多数,上部被枯叶残片,与顶生的莲座状叶丛,与花茎密集丛生。茎直立,高15—35厘米,纤细,不分枝,下部木质,常宿存,被蛛丝状疏棉毛及头状具柄腺毛,下部多少脱毛,全部有密生的叶。下部叶较短,在花期枯萎;中部叶多少开展,线形,长2—3.5厘米,宽0.3—0.5厘米,基部沿茎下延成狭长的翅,边缘波状反卷,顶端稍钝,无明显的小尖头,顶部叶渐小,渐尖;全部叶上面绿色,被头状具柄腺毛,下面被白色密棉毛,有在下面稍高起的单脉。头状花序十余个至数十个,在茎和枝端密集成复伞房状,无花序梗,总花序梗被白色棉毛。总苞狭钟状,长4—6毫米,宽3—4毫米;总苞片约4—5层,外层宽卵圆形,长2.5毫米,不规则齿裂,浅或深褐色,被棉毛;内层椭圆形,长4.2—5毫米,宽达2毫米,浅黄色,顶端圆形,最内层匙状线形,稍短,有长达全长三分之二的爪部;雌株的总苞常较小。花托有缝状短毛。雌株头状花序外围有多层雌花,中央有1—4个雄花,雄株头状花序全部有雄花。花冠长3.5—4毫米。冠毛约与花冠等长,雄花冠毛上部粗扁,有锯齿。瘦果长圆形,长0.8毫米,被微毛。花期7—8月,果期8一9月。
产地分布:产西藏南部(打格章、隆子、拉萨、日喀则)。生于高山及亚高山针叶林下,灌丛中或山坡阳地,海拔3800—4100米。
本种提示:此种的模式采于西藏南部(拉萨),据原始记载,“总苞长3—3.5毫米”,“瘦果无毛”。我们见到的标本总苞较大,瘦果有毛,虽与此种的原始记载不符合,但仍应视为同一种。模式标本据原插图可能是头状花序未完全开放的植株,所以总苞较小。此种与江孜香青A.DesertiDrumm.略相似,但后者的头状花序较大,叶上面初被蛛丝状毛,后多少脱毛,且茎有被棉毛的腋芽或短分枝,有疏生的叶(节间长3—4厘米),与本种(节间0.5—1厘米,稀达1.5厘米)不难区别。
参考文献:Anaphalis tibetica Kitam.In Act.Phytotax. Et Geobot. 15:38,f. 2.1953;S.Y.Hu in Quart.Journ.Taiw.Mus.18,1-2:115.1965.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Anaphalis tibetica  Kitamura Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 38. 1953.
西藏香青   xi zang xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, shrublike, branching; sobols numerous, with withered leaves at upper parts, rosette leaves terminal, with densely caespitose flowering stems. Stems erect, 15-35 cm, slender, simple, woody at base, usually persistent, arachnoid laxly lanate and with capitate cauliferous tentacles, somewhat glabrous at lower parts, densely leafy. Lower leaves shorter and caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves somewhat spreading, linear, 2-3.5 × 0.3-0.5 cm, base decurrent and becoming a narrow and long wing, margin sinuous and recurved, apex slightly obtuse; upper leaves small, acuminate; all leaves densely white lanate abaxially, green adaxially, with capitate cauliferous tentacles, 1-veined, somewhat raised abaxially. Capitula 10 or numerous, terminal on stems and branches, compound corymbiform; peduncle absent; common peduncle of synflorescence white lanate. Involucre narrowly campanulate, 4-6 × 3-4 mm; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate; outer phyllaries light or deep brownish, broadly ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, irregularly toothed-scissile, lanate; middle ones light lutescent, elliptic, 4.2-5 × ca. 2 mm, apex rounded and obtuse; innermost ones spatulate-linear, somewhat short, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Involucre of female florets usually small. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Center of predominantly female capitula with female florets and 1-4 male florets; predominantly male capitula with male florets only. Corolla 3.5-4 mm. Pappus slightly equal to corolla, incrassate at tip of apex in male florets, dentate. Achene oblong, ca. 0.8 mm, villosulous. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.
● Sunny alpine and subalpine conifer forests, shrub forests or hillsides. S Xizang.
No specimens of this species were seen by the second author.No specimens of this species were seen by the second author.

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