使君子Quisqualis indica Linn.
使君子Quisqualis indica Linn.
1．使君子（嘉祐本草）
Quisqualis indica Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 556. 1762; DC. Prodr. 3: 23. 1828; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 294. 1887; Exell in Sunyatsenia 1: 89. 1935; 赵爱真, 植物分类学报7: 238. 1958; O. Lecompte in Aubrev. Fl. Camb. Laos Vietn. 10: 26. 1969; 云南植物志1: 85. 1977——Q. sinensis Lindl. in dot. Reg. t. 15. 1844——Q. grandiflora Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 119. 1861.
形态特征：落叶藤本灌木，高约2-8米，嫩枝和幼叶有黄褐色短柔毛。叶对生，薄纸质，矩圆形、椭圆形至卵形，长6-13厘米，宽3-3.5厘米，两面有黄褐色短柔毛，脉上尤多；叶柄下部宿存成硬刺状，亦被毛。穗状花序顶生，下垂；苞片早落；花两性；萼筒绿色，细管状，长百叶窗7厘米，绿色，顶端5齿，具柔毛；花瓣5，矩圆形至倒卵状矩圆形，长约1.5-2厘米，由白变淡红；雄蕊10，果近橄榄核状，熟时黑色，有1果白色种子。
分 布：湖南、江西、福建、台湾、广东、
生 境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：种仁
药用功能：小儿疳积、驱蛔虫
药用主治：小几疳积、驱蛔虫。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Quisqualis indica Linnaeus
使君子 shi jun zi
Combretum indicum (Linnaeus) Jongkind; Kleinia quadricolor Crantz; Mekistus sinensis Loureiro ex B. A. Gomes; Ourouparia enormis Yamamoto; Quisqualis glabra N. L. Burman; Q. grandiflora Miquel; Q. indica var. oxypetala Kurz; Q. indica var. villosa (Roxburgh) C. B. Clarke; Q. longiflora C. Presl; Q. loureiroi G. Don; Q. obovata Schumacher & Thon ning; Q. pubescens N. L. Burman; Q. sinensis Lindley; Q. spinosa Blanco; Q. villosa Roxburgh.
Lianas to 8 m tall. Branchlets brownish yellow pubescent. Petiole 5-9 mm, without an inflated joint near base, densely brown pilose when young; leaf blade mostly oblong-elliptic or elliptic, 5-18 × 2.5-7 cm, abaxially sometimes brown pilose, adaxially glabrous except slightly brown pilose on midvein, finely white verruculose, rarely tomentose on both surfaces, base obtuse, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; lateral veins in 7 or 8 pairs. Inflorescences lax; bracts deciduous, filiform-linear to ovate, 3-12 mm, brown pilose. Flowers fragrant. Calyx tube 5-9 cm, yellow pilose; lobes deltoid, 2-3 mm, apex acute or shortly acuminate but not cuspidate. Petals opening white, later turning yellowish abaxially and reddish adaxially, obovate to oblanceolate, 10-24 × 4-10 mm, apex rounded to obtuse. Fruit red when young, greenish black or brown when ripe, fusiform or narrowly ovoid, sharply 5-ridged, 2.7-4 × 1.2-2.3 cm, glabrous, apex mucronate. Fl. Mar-Nov, fr. Jun-Nov.
Rain forests, low woods, thickets, hedges, mountains, dry hillsides, riversides, roadsides, wasteland, also cultivated; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan; cultivated in Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; coastal E Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands; introduced to other parts of tropical Africa and Central and South America; widely cultivated and often naturalized in the tropics].
This species is cultivated in China as an ornamental. The seeds are used medicinally to kill intestinal parasites.
Quisqualis indica is variable in its indumentum and in the shape and size of its bracts. Most Chinese specimens with bracts still attached have linear-lanceolate to filiform-linear bracts. In this respect, these plants correspond with Q. indica var. villosa , as defined by Lecompte (in Aubréville, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 10: 22-31. 1969), who described var. indica as having ovate to lanceolate bracts. In FRPS (53(1): 17. 1984), var. villosa was said to have ovate leaf blades, tomentose on both surfaces (vs. elliptic or ovate, abaxially sometimes brown pilose, and adaxially glabrous in var. indica).
Four specimens from Guangdong (Deqing, Guangzhou, Nanhai, and Xingning), at least three of which are from cultivated plants, have a shorter calyx tube, 3-5 cm, and smaller petals, 8-9 × 3-4.5 mm, than is normal for Quisqualis indica. It is possible that these belong to Q. indica var. pierrei (Gagnepain) O. Lecompte (Q. pierrei Gagnepain), described from S Vietnam, which differs from var. indica in having smaller flowers of about these dimensions and, strikingly, in having fruit with 5 broad, papery wings 1-1.5 cm wide. However, because the specimens lack fruit, this determination is only tentative.
【拼音名】 Shǐ Jūn Zǐ
【英文名】 FRUCTUS QUISQUALIS
【别名】 留球子
【来源】 本品为使君子科植物使君子Quisqualis indica L.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果皮变紫黑色时采收，除去杂质，干燥。
【性状】 本品呈椭圆形或卵圆形，具5条纵棱，偶有4～9棱，长2.5～4cm，直径约2cm。表面黑褐色至紫黑色，平滑，微具光泽。顶端狭尖，基部钝圆，有明显圆形的果梗痕。质坚硬，横切面多呈五角星形，棱角处壳较厚，中间呈类圆形空腔。种子长椭圆形或纺锤形，长约2cm,直径约1cm；表面棕褐色或黑褐色，有多数纵皱纹；种皮薄，易剥离；子叶2,黄白色，有油性，断面有裂纹。气微香，味微甜。
【炮制】 使君子：除去杂质。用时捣碎。
使君子仁：取净使君子 除去外壳。
炒使君子仁：取使君子仁，照清炒法（附录Ⅱ D）炒至有香气。
【性味】 甘，温。
【归经】 归脾、胃经。
【功能主治】 杀虫消积。用于蛔虫、蛲虫病，虫积腹痛，小儿疳积。
【用法用量】 使君子9～12g，捣碎入煎剂；使君子仁6～9g,多入丸散用或单用，作1～2次分服。
【注意】 服药时忌饮浓茶。
【贮藏】 置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
【备注】 （1）大量服用能引起呃逆、眩晕、精神不振、恶心，甚至呕吐、腹泻等反应。与茶同服亦能引起呃逆。
【摘录】 《中国药典》
别名：Rangoon creeper;舀求子;四蜀使君子;四君子;水君木叶;史君子;郎姆活;君子仁;君子;郭砸满;病疳子;吏君子;索子果;杜蒺藜子;木朗牛;留球子;栽秧老;五棱子;水君子;山羊屎;木郎牛;冬君子;四刮波;西蜀使君子;留求子;水君叶;使群子;
科名：使君子科 Combretaceae
属名：使君子属 Quisqualis
1．使君子（嘉祐本草）
Quisqualis indica Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 556. 1762; DC. Prodr. 3: 23. 1828; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 294. 1887; Exell in Sunyatsenia 1: 89. 1935; 赵爱真, 植物分类学报7: 238. 1958; O. Lecompte in Aubrev. Fl. Camb. Laos Vietn. 10: 26. 1969; 云南植物志1: 85. 1977——Q. sinensis Lindl. in dot. Reg. t. 15. 1844——Q. grandiflora Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 119. 1861.
形态特征：落叶藤本灌木，高约2-8米，嫩枝和幼叶有黄褐色短柔毛。叶对生，薄纸质，矩圆形、椭圆形至卵形，长6-13厘米，宽3-3.5厘米，两面有黄褐色短柔毛，脉上尤多；叶柄下部宿存成硬刺状，亦被毛。穗状花序顶生，下垂；苞片早落；花两性；萼筒绿色，细管状，长百叶窗7厘米，绿色，顶端5齿，具柔毛；花瓣5，矩圆形至倒卵状矩圆形，长约1.5-2厘米，由白变淡红；雄蕊10，果近橄榄核状，熟时黑色，有1果白色种子。
分 布：湖南、江西、福建、台湾、广东、
生 境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：种仁
药用功能：小儿疳积、驱蛔虫
药用主治：小几疳积、驱蛔虫。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Quisqualis indica Linnaeus
使君子 shi jun zi
Combretum indicum (Linnaeus) Jongkind; Kleinia quadricolor Crantz; Mekistus sinensis Loureiro ex B. A. Gomes; Ourouparia enormis Yamamoto; Quisqualis glabra N. L. Burman; Q. grandiflora Miquel; Q. indica var. oxypetala Kurz; Q. indica var. villosa (Roxburgh) C. B. Clarke; Q. longiflora C. Presl; Q. loureiroi G. Don; Q. obovata Schumacher & Thon ning; Q. pubescens N. L. Burman; Q. sinensis Lindley; Q. spinosa Blanco; Q. villosa Roxburgh.
Lianas to 8 m tall. Branchlets brownish yellow pubescent. Petiole 5-9 mm, without an inflated joint near base, densely brown pilose when young; leaf blade mostly oblong-elliptic or elliptic, 5-18 × 2.5-7 cm, abaxially sometimes brown pilose, adaxially glabrous except slightly brown pilose on midvein, finely white verruculose, rarely tomentose on both surfaces, base obtuse, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; lateral veins in 7 or 8 pairs. Inflorescences lax; bracts deciduous, filiform-linear to ovate, 3-12 mm, brown pilose. Flowers fragrant. Calyx tube 5-9 cm, yellow pilose; lobes deltoid, 2-3 mm, apex acute or shortly acuminate but not cuspidate. Petals opening white, later turning yellowish abaxially and reddish adaxially, obovate to oblanceolate, 10-24 × 4-10 mm, apex rounded to obtuse. Fruit red when young, greenish black or brown when ripe, fusiform or narrowly ovoid, sharply 5-ridged, 2.7-4 × 1.2-2.3 cm, glabrous, apex mucronate. Fl. Mar-Nov, fr. Jun-Nov.
Rain forests, low woods, thickets, hedges, mountains, dry hillsides, riversides, roadsides, wasteland, also cultivated; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan; cultivated in Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; coastal E Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands; introduced to other parts of tropical Africa and Central and South America; widely cultivated and often naturalized in the tropics].
This species is cultivated in China as an ornamental. The seeds are used medicinally to kill intestinal parasites.
Quisqualis indica is variable in its indumentum and in the shape and size of its bracts. Most Chinese specimens with bracts still attached have linear-lanceolate to filiform-linear bracts. In this respect, these plants correspond with Q. indica var. villosa , as defined by Lecompte (in Aubréville, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 10: 22-31. 1969), who described var. indica as having ovate to lanceolate bracts. In FRPS (53(1): 17. 1984), var. villosa was said to have ovate leaf blades, tomentose on both surfaces (vs. elliptic or ovate, abaxially sometimes brown pilose, and adaxially glabrous in var. indica).
Four specimens from Guangdong (Deqing, Guangzhou, Nanhai, and Xingning), at least three of which are from cultivated plants, have a shorter calyx tube, 3-5 cm, and smaller petals, 8-9 × 3-4.5 mm, than is normal for Quisqualis indica. It is possible that these belong to Q. indica var. pierrei (Gagnepain) O. Lecompte (Q. pierrei Gagnepain), described from S Vietnam, which differs from var. indica in having smaller flowers of about these dimensions and, strikingly, in having fruit with 5 broad, papery wings 1-1.5 cm wide. However, because the specimens lack fruit, this determination is only tentative.
《中国药典》:使君子
【拼音名】 Shǐ Jūn Zǐ
【英文名】 FRUCTUS QUISQUALIS
【别名】 留球子
【来源】 本品为使君子科植物使君子Quisqualis indica L.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果皮变紫黑色时采收，除去杂质，干燥。
【性状】 本品呈椭圆形或卵圆形，具5条纵棱，偶有4～9棱，长2.5～4cm，直径约2cm。表面黑褐色至紫黑色，平滑，微具光泽。顶端狭尖，基部钝圆，有明显圆形的果梗痕。质坚硬，横切面多呈五角星形，棱角处壳较厚，中间呈类圆形空腔。种子长椭圆形或纺锤形，长约2cm,直径约1cm；表面棕褐色或黑褐色，有多数纵皱纹；种皮薄，易剥离；子叶2,黄白色，有油性，断面有裂纹。气微香，味微甜。
【炮制】 使君子：除去杂质。用时捣碎。
使君子仁：取净使君子 除去外壳。
炒使君子仁：取使君子仁，照清炒法（附录Ⅱ D）炒至有香气。
【性味】 甘，温。
【归经】 归脾、胃经。
【功能主治】 杀虫消积。用于蛔虫、蛲虫病，虫积腹痛，小儿疳积。
【用法用量】 使君子9～12g，捣碎入煎剂；使君子仁6～9g,多入丸散用或单用，作1～2次分服。
【注意】 服药时忌饮浓茶。
【贮藏】 置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
【备注】 （1）大量服用能引起呃逆、眩晕、精神不振、恶心，甚至呕吐、腹泻等反应。与茶同服亦能引起呃逆。
【摘录】 《中国药典》
- 广东北部地区使君子生态学特性的研究
- 用高效离子交换色谱法分析使君子药材中胡芦巴碱成分
- 使君子古今炮制辨析
- 广西使君子的栽培加工简述
- 四川使君子的栽培技术
- 使君子叶挥发油的化学成分分析
- 海南植物新记录
- 使君子不宜炒香嚼服
- 使君子科风车子亚科核糖体DNAITS区序列分析及系统学意义
- 萼翅藤的核型研究
- 热带杏仁——榄仁树
- 榄仁树
- 阿江榄仁树的化学和医疗用途
- 印度阿育吠陀强心剂阿江榄仁树增加大鼠离体心房的收缩强度
- 使君子叶和枝中总黄酮含量的测定
- 林生假榆桔中新的抗氧化和抗菌剂逆没食子酸衍生物
- 四角风车子引种试验初报
- 道路、河旁绿化的好树种——阿珍榄仁
- 优美的观赏乔木——小叶榄仁
- 野生资源植物-榆绿木
- 多用途的野生植物——榆绿木
- 从毗黎勒分得新的抗HIV-1、抗疟和抗真菌化合物
- 使君子叶和花中的黄酮类化合物