合轴荚蒾Viburnum sympodiale Graebn.
合轴荚蒾Viburnum sympodiale Graebn.
14. 合轴荚蒾（拉汉种子植物名称） 图版7：5-8
Viburnum sympodiale Graebn. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 587. 1901; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 8: 197. 1927, et 16: 329. 1935; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: 86. 1931; Migo in Bull. Shangbai Sci. Inst. 14(1): 18. 1944; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 313, 图6039. 1975. ——V. melanophyllum Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 4: 13, t. 2. 1914, et 9: 43. 1920, syn. nov. ——V. martini Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 443. 1911, et Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 66. 1914. ——V. furcatum auct. non Blume: Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 352. 1888, excl. syn. ——V. cordifolium auct. non Wall. ex DC.: Hayata, op. cit. 10: 28. 1921; Kaneh. Formos. Trees rev. ed. 695, fig. 652. 1936.
落叶灌木或小乔木，高可达10米；幼枝、叶下面脉上、叶柄、花序及萼齿均被灰黄褐色鳞片状或糠粃状簇状毛，二年生小枝红褐色，有时光亮，最后变灰褐色，无毛。叶纸质，卵形至椭圆状卵形或圆状卵形，长6-13(-15)厘米，顶端渐尖或急尖，基部圆形，很少浅心形，边缘有不规则牙齿状尖锯齿，上面无毛或幼时脉上被簇状毛，侧脉6-8对，上面稍凹陷，下面凸起，小脉横列，明显；叶柄长1.5-3(-4.5)厘米；托叶钻形，长2-9毫米，基部常贴生于叶柄，有时无托叶。聚伞花序直径5-9厘米，花开后几无毛，周围有大型、白色的不孕花，无总花梗，第一级辐射枝常5条，花生于第三级辐射枝上，芳香；萼筒近圆球形，长约2毫米，萼齿卵圆形；花冠白色或带微红，辐状，直径5-6毫米，裂片卵形，长二倍于筒；雄蕊花药宽卵圆形，黄色；花柱不高出萼齿；不孕花直径2.5-3厘米，裂片倒卵形，常大小不等。果实红色，后变紫黑色，卵圆形，长8-9毫米；核稍扁，长约7毫米，直径约5毫米，有1条浅背沟和1条深腹沟。花期4-5月，果熟期8-9月。
产陕西南部，甘肃南部，安徽南部，浙江，江西，福建北部，台湾，湖北西部，湖南，广东北部，广西东北部，四川东部至西部，贵州及云南东南部、东北部和西北部。生于林下或灌丛中，海拔800-2600米。模式标本采自四川南川。
关于我国台湾省所产的 V. melanophyllum Hayata，李惠林在其 Woody Flora of Taiwan 895. 1963 和 Flora of Taiwan 4: 713. 1978 中把它鉴定为 V. furcatum Blume，而最近Hara 在 Ginkgoana no. 5, 219. 1983 又把它降级为 V. furcatum var. melanophyllum (Hayata) Hara。但就笔者所看到的几个台湾标本而言，有的叶具明显的托叶（如正宗2506)，有的虽未见托叶（我国大陆产的有些标本也无托叶），但其叶形与本种没有区别 （如铃木重良197）。因此可以把它视为本种与日本产的 V. furcatum 之间的一个过渡类型。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Viburnum sympodiale Graebner Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 587. 1901.
合轴荚蒾 he zhou jia mi
Viburnum furcatum Blume ex J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. melanophyllum (Hayata) H. Hara; V. martini H. Léveillé; V. melanophyllum Hayata.
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 10 m tall. Bark gray-brownish. Branchlets of current year yellow-brownish lepidote or furfuraceous stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year red-brownish or gray-brownish, terete, glabrous, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Winter buds naked, furfuraceous stellate-pubescent. Leaves often clustered at apices of branchlets; stipules 2, subulate, 2-9 mm, bases often adnate to petioles, sometimes absent; petiole green, robust, 1.5-3(-4.5) cm, yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent; leaf blade greenish brown when young, ovate to elliptic-ovate or orbicular-ovate, 6-13 (-15) × 3-9(-11) cm, papery, abaxially yellow-brownish lepidote or furfuraceous stellate-pubescent particularly along veins, adaxially glabrous or stellate-pubescent on veins, midvein raised abaxially, lateral veins 6-8-jugate, pinnate, arched, branched, anastomosing near margin, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous on both surfaces, not lobed, base rounded, rarely shallowly cordate, without glands, margin irregularly serrate, apex acuminate or acute. Flowers appearing with leaves; inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, terminal, 5-9 cm in diam.; rays whorled; first node of inflorescence usually with 5 rays, dense, subglabrescent or yellow-brownish lepidote or furfuraceous stellate-pubescent, with large white sterile radiant flowers on margin; peduncles absent; bracts caducous, leaflike, green, ovate to elliptic, stellate-pubescent; bracteoles scalelike. Flowers on rays of 3rd order, fragrant, subsessile or shortly pedicellate. Sterile flowers: calyx like fertile flowers, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; corolla lobes obovate, often unequal in size; stamens and pistils not developed. Fertile flowers: calyx greenish; tube subglobose, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; lobes ovate-orbicular, very small, 0.5-1 mm, sparsely stellate-pubescent, apex obtuse; corolla white or reddish, rotate, 5-6 mm in diam., glabrous; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes spreading, ovate, ca. 2 × as long as tube, apex rounded, margin entire; stamens shorter than corolla, inserted near base of corolla tube; filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers yellow, ovoid, ca. 1 mm; styles not exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit initially turning yellow, then red, maturing purple-nigrescent, ovoid, 8-9 mm, base rounded, apex rounded, glabrous; pyrenes slightly compressed, oblong, ca. 7 × 5 mm, with 1 shallow dorsal groove and 1 deep ventral groove, apex rounded. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep.
● Forests, thickets; 800-2600 m. S Anhui, N Fujian, S Gansu, N Guangdong, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
别名：假绣球;合轴荚迷;球花荚蒾;山绣球;荚蒾;丛轴荚蒾;合轴荚;
科名：忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae
属名：荚蒾属 Viburnum
14. 合轴荚蒾（拉汉种子植物名称） 图版7：5-8
Viburnum sympodiale Graebn. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 587. 1901; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 8: 197. 1927, et 16: 329. 1935; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: 86. 1931; Migo in Bull. Shangbai Sci. Inst. 14(1): 18. 1944; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 313, 图6039. 1975. ——V. melanophyllum Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 4: 13, t. 2. 1914, et 9: 43. 1920, syn. nov. ——V. martini Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 443. 1911, et Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 66. 1914. ——V. furcatum auct. non Blume: Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 352. 1888, excl. syn. ——V. cordifolium auct. non Wall. ex DC.: Hayata, op. cit. 10: 28. 1921; Kaneh. Formos. Trees rev. ed. 695, fig. 652. 1936.
落叶灌木或小乔木，高可达10米；幼枝、叶下面脉上、叶柄、花序及萼齿均被灰黄褐色鳞片状或糠粃状簇状毛，二年生小枝红褐色，有时光亮，最后变灰褐色，无毛。叶纸质，卵形至椭圆状卵形或圆状卵形，长6-13(-15)厘米，顶端渐尖或急尖，基部圆形，很少浅心形，边缘有不规则牙齿状尖锯齿，上面无毛或幼时脉上被簇状毛，侧脉6-8对，上面稍凹陷，下面凸起，小脉横列，明显；叶柄长1.5-3(-4.5)厘米；托叶钻形，长2-9毫米，基部常贴生于叶柄，有时无托叶。聚伞花序直径5-9厘米，花开后几无毛，周围有大型、白色的不孕花，无总花梗，第一级辐射枝常5条，花生于第三级辐射枝上，芳香；萼筒近圆球形，长约2毫米，萼齿卵圆形；花冠白色或带微红，辐状，直径5-6毫米，裂片卵形，长二倍于筒；雄蕊花药宽卵圆形，黄色；花柱不高出萼齿；不孕花直径2.5-3厘米，裂片倒卵形，常大小不等。果实红色，后变紫黑色，卵圆形，长8-9毫米；核稍扁，长约7毫米，直径约5毫米，有1条浅背沟和1条深腹沟。花期4-5月，果熟期8-9月。
产陕西南部，甘肃南部，安徽南部，浙江，江西，福建北部，台湾，湖北西部，湖南，广东北部，广西东北部，四川东部至西部，贵州及云南东南部、东北部和西北部。生于林下或灌丛中，海拔800-2600米。模式标本采自四川南川。
关于我国台湾省所产的 V. melanophyllum Hayata，李惠林在其 Woody Flora of Taiwan 895. 1963 和 Flora of Taiwan 4: 713. 1978 中把它鉴定为 V. furcatum Blume，而最近Hara 在 Ginkgoana no. 5, 219. 1983 又把它降级为 V. furcatum var. melanophyllum (Hayata) Hara。但就笔者所看到的几个台湾标本而言，有的叶具明显的托叶（如正宗2506)，有的虽未见托叶（我国大陆产的有些标本也无托叶），但其叶形与本种没有区别 （如铃木重良197）。因此可以把它视为本种与日本产的 V. furcatum 之间的一个过渡类型。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Viburnum sympodiale Graebner Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 587. 1901.
合轴荚蒾 he zhou jia mi
Viburnum furcatum Blume ex J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. melanophyllum (Hayata) H. Hara; V. martini H. Léveillé; V. melanophyllum Hayata.
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 10 m tall. Bark gray-brownish. Branchlets of current year yellow-brownish lepidote or furfuraceous stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year red-brownish or gray-brownish, terete, glabrous, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Winter buds naked, furfuraceous stellate-pubescent. Leaves often clustered at apices of branchlets; stipules 2, subulate, 2-9 mm, bases often adnate to petioles, sometimes absent; petiole green, robust, 1.5-3(-4.5) cm, yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent; leaf blade greenish brown when young, ovate to elliptic-ovate or orbicular-ovate, 6-13 (-15) × 3-9(-11) cm, papery, abaxially yellow-brownish lepidote or furfuraceous stellate-pubescent particularly along veins, adaxially glabrous or stellate-pubescent on veins, midvein raised abaxially, lateral veins 6-8-jugate, pinnate, arched, branched, anastomosing near margin, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous on both surfaces, not lobed, base rounded, rarely shallowly cordate, without glands, margin irregularly serrate, apex acuminate or acute. Flowers appearing with leaves; inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, terminal, 5-9 cm in diam.; rays whorled; first node of inflorescence usually with 5 rays, dense, subglabrescent or yellow-brownish lepidote or furfuraceous stellate-pubescent, with large white sterile radiant flowers on margin; peduncles absent; bracts caducous, leaflike, green, ovate to elliptic, stellate-pubescent; bracteoles scalelike. Flowers on rays of 3rd order, fragrant, subsessile or shortly pedicellate. Sterile flowers: calyx like fertile flowers, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; corolla lobes obovate, often unequal in size; stamens and pistils not developed. Fertile flowers: calyx greenish; tube subglobose, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; lobes ovate-orbicular, very small, 0.5-1 mm, sparsely stellate-pubescent, apex obtuse; corolla white or reddish, rotate, 5-6 mm in diam., glabrous; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes spreading, ovate, ca. 2 × as long as tube, apex rounded, margin entire; stamens shorter than corolla, inserted near base of corolla tube; filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers yellow, ovoid, ca. 1 mm; styles not exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit initially turning yellow, then red, maturing purple-nigrescent, ovoid, 8-9 mm, base rounded, apex rounded, glabrous; pyrenes slightly compressed, oblong, ca. 7 × 5 mm, with 1 shallow dorsal groove and 1 deep ventral groove, apex rounded. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep.
● Forests, thickets; 800-2600 m. S Anhui, N Fujian, S Gansu, N Guangdong, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.