欧洲荚蒾Viburnum opulus Linn.

别名：欧洲雪球;雪球;

科名：忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae

属名：荚蒾属 Viburnum

《中国植物志》第72卷100页
  74. 欧洲荚蒾（中国高等植物图鉴）
  Viburnum opulus Linn. Sp. Pl. 268. 1753; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 321. 1975.
种中文名：欧洲荚蒾
种拉丁名：Viburnum opulus Linn.
科中文名：忍冬科
科拉丁名：Caprifoliaceae
属中文名：荚蒾属
属拉丁名：Viburnum
国内分布：新疆西北部
海    拔：1000-1600

【药 名】：欧洲荚蒾

【拼 音】：OUZHOUJIAMI

【来 源】：为双子叶植物药忍冬科植物欧洲荚蒾的全株。

【功 效】：通经活络、解毒止痒。

【主 治】：用于风湿性关节炎、腰酸腿痛、跌打损伤、疮疖、癣、皮肤瘙痒等症。

【性味归经】：甘，苦，平。入心、脾、肝三经。

【用法用量】：内服：煎汤，6一9克。外用：煎水洗或捣敷。

【动植物资源分布】：分布新疆。

【拉丁名】：viburnum opulus L.

【考 证】：始载于《中国高等植物图鉴》。

【中药化学成分】：果实含绿原酸、熊果酸；皮中含儿茶精(D，L一Catechin)谷甾醇、七叶树甙、a 和 B 香树脂醇、齐墩果酸和熊果酸等；花中含槲皮素和山奈酚。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Viburnum opulus  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 268. 1753.
欧洲荚蒾   ou zhou jia mi
Shrubs, deciduous, to 6 m tall. Bark dark gray, thin or thick, corky or not. Branchlets of current year green-brownish, sometimes reddish, glabrous or pubescent, with conspicuously raised lenticels; branchlets of previous year yellowish or red-brown, terete, glabrous, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Winter buds ovoid, stipitate, 4-6 mm, with 2 pairs of connate scales, inner scales membranous, base connate into a tube; scales glabrous. Leaves always opposite, not clustered at apices of branchlets; stipules 2, persistent, subulate, 1-5 mm; petiole green or reddish, robust, 1-5 cm, glabrous or pubescent, with 2-4 or more discoid glands near apex; leaf blade green when young, orbicular-ovate to broadly ovate or obovate, 6-12 × 5-10 cm, papery, abaxially spreading hairy especially on veins and vein axils, adaxially almost glabrous, midvein raised abaxially, 3-palmatinerved, veins straight or slightly arched, branched, ending in teeth, conspicuously raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, slightly raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, usually 3-lobed, leaves at apices of branches sometimes undivided, base rounded, truncate, or shallowly cordate, without glands, middle lobe often largest, margin irregularly dentate, apices of lobes acute, lateral lobes present, sometimes slightly spreading toward outside. Leaves on upper part of branchlets often narrow and longer, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate and not divided, margin sparsely crenate or shallowly 3-lobed; lobes entire or subentire, lateral lobes short, middle lobes elongated. Flowers appearing after leaves; inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, terminal, 5-12 cm in diam.; rays whorled; first node of inflorescence with 6-8 rays, dense, glabrous or with simple hairs, with 5-10 large sterile radiant flowers, or totally composed of large sterile flowers; peduncle robust, 2-5 cm, glabrous or pubescent; bracts and bracteoles deciduous, leaflike, green, lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders, not fragrant, very shortly pedicellate. Sterile flowers: calyx like fertile flowers, corolla white, 1.3-2.5 cm in diam., long pedicellate; lobes broadly obovate, apex rounded, unequally shaped; stamens and pistils not developed. Fertile flowers: calyx green; tube obconical, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; lobes triangular, ca. 0.6 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse; corolla white, rotate, 4-5 mm in diam., outside glabrous, inside pubescent; tube 1-2 mm; lobes spreading or reflexed, suborbicular, 1-1.5 mm, slightly unequal in size, apex rounded, margin entire; stamens conspicuously exceeding corolla, inserted near base of corolla; filaments ca. 4 mm; anthers yellow-whitish, or purple, ca. 1 mm; styles slightly exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit initially turning yellow, maturing red, suborbicular, 8-10(-12) mm in diam., base rounded, apex rounded, glabrous; pyrenes compressed, subglobose, 7-9 mm in diam., without grooves, apex rounded. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 18*.
Forests, scrub, thickets; 1000-2200 m. Anhui, S Gansu, N Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, NW Xinjiang, NW Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].