水红木Viburnum cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
水红木Viburnum cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
44. 水红木（湖北兴山、云南金屏）图版13：5-9
Viburnum cylindricum Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 142. 1825; Kurz. in Journ. Bot. 1873: 193; Rehd. in Sarg. Trees and Shrubs 2: 91, t, 143, 1908, excl. syn., in Sarg. Fl. Wils. 1: 110. 1911, excl. syn., et Bibl. Cult. Trees and Shrubs 605. 1949, excl. syn. ; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 654. 1912, excl. syn. ; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: 82. 1931, excl. syn., et 1: 103. 1932; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1036. 1936. ——V. crassifolium Rehd. in Sarg. Trees and Shrubs 2: 112. 1908, et in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 180. 1911; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 28. 1915. ——V. cylindricum Buch. -Ham ex D. Don var. crassifolium (Rehd.) Schneid. in Bot. Gaz. 64: 77. 1917; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 16: 330. 1935. ——V. coriaceum auct. non Blume ex D. Don: Hook. f. et Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 2: 179. 1858, pro. parte; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 5. 1884; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 351. 1988; Graebn. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 587. 1901.
常绿灌木或小乔木，高达8 (-15) 米；枝带红色或灰褐色，散生小皮孔，小枝无毛或初时被簇状短毛。冬芽有1对鳞片。叶革质，椭圆形至矩圆形或卵状矩圆形，长8-16 (-24) 厘米，顶端渐尖或急渐尖，基部渐狭至圆形，全缘或中上部疏生少数钝或尖的不整齐浅齿，通常无毛，下面散生带红色或黄色微小腺点（有时扁化而类似鳞片），近基部两侧各有1至数个腺体，侧脉3-5 (-18) 对，弧形；叶柄长1-3.5 (-5) 厘米，无毛或被簇状短毛。聚伞花序伞形式，顶圆形，直径4-10 (-18) 厘米，无毛或散生簇状微毛，连同萼和花冠有时被微细鳞腺，总花梗长1-6厘米，第一级辐射枝通常7条，苞片和小苞片早落，花通常生于第三级辐射枝上；萼筒卵圆形或倒圆锥形，长约1.5毫米，有微小腺点，萼齿极小而不显著；花冠白色或有红晕，钟状，长4-6毫米，有微细鳞腺，裂片圆卵形，直立，长约1毫米；雄蕊高出花冠约3毫米，花药紫色，矩圆形，长1-1.8毫米。果实先红色后变蓝黑色，卵圆形，长约5毫米；核卵圆形，扁，长约4毫米；直径3.5-4毫米，有1条浅腹沟和2条浅背沟。花期6-10月，果熟期10-12月。
产甘肃（文县），湖北西部，湖南西部，广东北部、广西西部至东部，四川西部、西南部至东北部，贵州，云南及西藏东南部。生于阳坡疏林或灌丛中，海拔500-3300米。分布于印度、尼泊尔、缅甸、泰国和中印半岛。
叶、树皮、花和根供药用。树皮和果实可提制栲胶。种子含油35％，可制肥皂；云南民间用以点灯。
Var. crassifolium (Rehd.) Schneid. (V. crassifolium Rehd.) 的叶较小，质地较厚，上面通常暗绿色而无光泽，花序较小而有较密的毛被。但所有这些特征都同本种之间存在着过渡现象，在鉴定中往往很难掌握。故笔者同意 H. Handel-Mazzetti (Symb. Sin. 7: 1036. 1936）的意见，将上述变种归并于本种内作为异名。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Viburnum cylindricum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 142. 1825.
水红木 shui hong mu
Viburnum coriaceum Blume; V. crassifolium Rehder; V. cylindricum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don var. crassifolium (Rehder) C. K. Schneider.
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 8(-15) m tall. Bark light brown. Branchlets of current year greenish, glabrous, or initially sparsely stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brownish, terete, glabrous, with sparse, small, rounded lenticels. Winter buds lanceolate-triangular, with a pair of separate scales; scales glabrous or stellate pubescent. Leaves always opposite, not clustered at apices of branchlets; stipules absent; petiole green, robust, 1-3.5(-5) cm, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; leaf blade green when young, elliptic to oblong or ovate-oblong, 8-16(-24) × 3-10 cm, leathery, abaxially usually glabrous, with dispersed reddish or yellow tiny glandular dots (sometimes compressed to appear like lepidote scales), adaxially glabrous, midvein raised abaxially, lateral veins 3-5(-8)-jugate, pinnate, arched, rarely branched, anastomosing near margin, or some ending in teeth, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, not lobed, base gradually angustate to rounded, with 1 to several glands on both sides of midvein near base, margin entire or irregularly shallowly dentate, apex acuminate or acute. Flowers appearing after leaves; inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, terminal, 4-10(-18) cm in diam.; rays whorled; first node of inflorescence usually with 7 rays, lax, glabrous or stellate-pubescent, sometimes with tiny glands, without large sterile radiant flowers; peduncles 1-6 cm; bracts usually caducous, leaflike, whitish green, linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 × < 1 mm, glabrous; bracteoles scalelike. Flowers usually on rays of 3rd order, not fragrant, sessile or shortly pedicellate. Calyx greenish; tube ovoid-orbicular or obconical, ca. 1.5 mm, sometimes with tiny glandular dots; lobes very small and inconspicuous, glabrous, apex rounded. Corolla white or reddish, campanulate, 4-6 mm, with tiny lepidote glands; tube 3-5 mm; lobes erect, orbicular-ovate, ca. 1 mm, apex rounded, margin entire. Stamens longer than corolla, inserted near base of corolla; filaments 3-4 mm; anthers purple, oblong, 1-1.8 mm. Styles exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit initially turning red, maturing blue-black, ovoid, ca. 5 mm, base rounded, apex rounded, glabrous; pyrenes compressed ovoid, ca. 4 × 3.5-4 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 1 shallow ventral groove, apex rounded. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 18.
Sparse forests, scrub; 500-3300 m. Gansu (Wenxian), N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, W Hunan, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, N Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam].
别名：红经果;黑籽;黑油果;黑果果;黑果;粉叶荚蒾;灰斗子;斑鸠石;灰叶子;水红树;粉果叶;粉果;粉叶果;翻白叶;灰泡木;粉栗;一摸白;水红木莲;水红木荚蒾;糯米条;吊白叶;粉帕叶;灰包木;大路通;阿达休子;灰泡树;灰果叶;六角筋;狗肋巴;羊骨脆;山女贞;灰叶子树;粉桐叶;灰叶子果;吊柏叶;灰条果;捏白樟;撇撇三;揉白叶;揉揉白;山女桢;水红木叶;小灰果;荚蒾;睡眠果;抽刀红;扯白叶;炒面叶;粉条果;水冬瓜;灰色树;猪脚杆树;洋咸树;羊脆骨;小黑籽;四季青;斑鸠柘;
科名：忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae
属名：荚蒾属 Viburnum
44. 水红木（湖北兴山、云南金屏）图版13：5-9
Viburnum cylindricum Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 142. 1825; Kurz. in Journ. Bot. 1873: 193; Rehd. in Sarg. Trees and Shrubs 2: 91, t, 143, 1908, excl. syn., in Sarg. Fl. Wils. 1: 110. 1911, excl. syn., et Bibl. Cult. Trees and Shrubs 605. 1949, excl. syn. ; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 654. 1912, excl. syn. ; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: 82. 1931, excl. syn., et 1: 103. 1932; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1036. 1936. ——V. crassifolium Rehd. in Sarg. Trees and Shrubs 2: 112. 1908, et in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 180. 1911; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 28. 1915. ——V. cylindricum Buch. -Ham ex D. Don var. crassifolium (Rehd.) Schneid. in Bot. Gaz. 64: 77. 1917; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 16: 330. 1935. ——V. coriaceum auct. non Blume ex D. Don: Hook. f. et Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 2: 179. 1858, pro. parte; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 5. 1884; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 351. 1988; Graebn. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 587. 1901.
常绿灌木或小乔木，高达8 (-15) 米；枝带红色或灰褐色，散生小皮孔，小枝无毛或初时被簇状短毛。冬芽有1对鳞片。叶革质，椭圆形至矩圆形或卵状矩圆形，长8-16 (-24) 厘米，顶端渐尖或急渐尖，基部渐狭至圆形，全缘或中上部疏生少数钝或尖的不整齐浅齿，通常无毛，下面散生带红色或黄色微小腺点（有时扁化而类似鳞片），近基部两侧各有1至数个腺体，侧脉3-5 (-18) 对，弧形；叶柄长1-3.5 (-5) 厘米，无毛或被簇状短毛。聚伞花序伞形式，顶圆形，直径4-10 (-18) 厘米，无毛或散生簇状微毛，连同萼和花冠有时被微细鳞腺，总花梗长1-6厘米，第一级辐射枝通常7条，苞片和小苞片早落，花通常生于第三级辐射枝上；萼筒卵圆形或倒圆锥形，长约1.5毫米，有微小腺点，萼齿极小而不显著；花冠白色或有红晕，钟状，长4-6毫米，有微细鳞腺，裂片圆卵形，直立，长约1毫米；雄蕊高出花冠约3毫米，花药紫色，矩圆形，长1-1.8毫米。果实先红色后变蓝黑色，卵圆形，长约5毫米；核卵圆形，扁，长约4毫米；直径3.5-4毫米，有1条浅腹沟和2条浅背沟。花期6-10月，果熟期10-12月。
产甘肃（文县），湖北西部，湖南西部，广东北部、广西西部至东部，四川西部、西南部至东北部，贵州，云南及西藏东南部。生于阳坡疏林或灌丛中，海拔500-3300米。分布于印度、尼泊尔、缅甸、泰国和中印半岛。
叶、树皮、花和根供药用。树皮和果实可提制栲胶。种子含油35％，可制肥皂；云南民间用以点灯。
Var. crassifolium (Rehd.) Schneid. (V. crassifolium Rehd.) 的叶较小，质地较厚，上面通常暗绿色而无光泽，花序较小而有较密的毛被。但所有这些特征都同本种之间存在着过渡现象，在鉴定中往往很难掌握。故笔者同意 H. Handel-Mazzetti (Symb. Sin. 7: 1036. 1936）的意见，将上述变种归并于本种内作为异名。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Viburnum cylindricum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 142. 1825.
水红木 shui hong mu
Viburnum coriaceum Blume; V. crassifolium Rehder; V. cylindricum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don var. crassifolium (Rehder) C. K. Schneider.
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 8(-15) m tall. Bark light brown. Branchlets of current year greenish, glabrous, or initially sparsely stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brownish, terete, glabrous, with sparse, small, rounded lenticels. Winter buds lanceolate-triangular, with a pair of separate scales; scales glabrous or stellate pubescent. Leaves always opposite, not clustered at apices of branchlets; stipules absent; petiole green, robust, 1-3.5(-5) cm, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; leaf blade green when young, elliptic to oblong or ovate-oblong, 8-16(-24) × 3-10 cm, leathery, abaxially usually glabrous, with dispersed reddish or yellow tiny glandular dots (sometimes compressed to appear like lepidote scales), adaxially glabrous, midvein raised abaxially, lateral veins 3-5(-8)-jugate, pinnate, arched, rarely branched, anastomosing near margin, or some ending in teeth, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, not lobed, base gradually angustate to rounded, with 1 to several glands on both sides of midvein near base, margin entire or irregularly shallowly dentate, apex acuminate or acute. Flowers appearing after leaves; inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, terminal, 4-10(-18) cm in diam.; rays whorled; first node of inflorescence usually with 7 rays, lax, glabrous or stellate-pubescent, sometimes with tiny glands, without large sterile radiant flowers; peduncles 1-6 cm; bracts usually caducous, leaflike, whitish green, linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 × < 1 mm, glabrous; bracteoles scalelike. Flowers usually on rays of 3rd order, not fragrant, sessile or shortly pedicellate. Calyx greenish; tube ovoid-orbicular or obconical, ca. 1.5 mm, sometimes with tiny glandular dots; lobes very small and inconspicuous, glabrous, apex rounded. Corolla white or reddish, campanulate, 4-6 mm, with tiny lepidote glands; tube 3-5 mm; lobes erect, orbicular-ovate, ca. 1 mm, apex rounded, margin entire. Stamens longer than corolla, inserted near base of corolla; filaments 3-4 mm; anthers purple, oblong, 1-1.8 mm. Styles exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit initially turning red, maturing blue-black, ovoid, ca. 5 mm, base rounded, apex rounded, glabrous; pyrenes compressed ovoid, ca. 4 × 3.5-4 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 1 shallow ventral groove, apex rounded. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 18.
Sparse forests, scrub; 500-3300 m. Gansu (Wenxian), N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, W Hunan, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, N Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam].