接骨木Sambucus williamsii Hance

别名：公道姥;公道老儿;大过山龙;接骨丹;续骨树;扦杆活;五加皮;大叶接骨木;勒俄莫;白马;加汤克爬啊因;接骨散;蓝节扑;篮筛朴;八棱麻;马尿骚;接骨风;威氏接骨木;马尿臊;九节风;扦扦活;蓝节朴;公道老;牛拉稀;木蒴藋;木蒴(艹翟);臭树;马尿烧;浊浊树;马尿梢;气不愤;舒筋树;蒴树;宝棍-宝拉代;鸡骨树;马尿稍;臭黄蓼;铁骨散;白马桑;八角棵;川筋树;大接骨丹;韦氏接骨木;野杨树;马尿骚条子;续骨草;小油木;续骨木;臭黄木梁;欧接骨木;木蒴;木本接骨丹;树五加;宽叶接骨木;接骨木子;陆英;接骨草;

科名：忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae

属名：接骨木属 Sambucus

《中国植物志》第72卷008页
  3. 接骨木（唐本草、植物名实图考）木蒴藋（唐本草），续骨草（本草纲目），九节风（中国经济植物志）
  Sambucus williamsii Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 5: 217. 1866; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 147. 1884; Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 106. 1913; Hao in Contr. Inst Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2 (1): 1 et 21. 1933; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 321, 图6056. 1975. ——S. foetidissima Nakai et Kitag. in Rep. 1st. Sci. Exp. Manchoukuo 4 (1): 12. 1934; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志496. 1955. ——S. manshurica Kitag. in Rep. 1st. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 117. 1940. ——S. latipinna Nakai var. peendula Skv. in 刘慎谔等, l. c. 567. ——S. racemosa auct. non Linn. : Franch. l. c. Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 348. 1888; Graebn. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 548. 1901; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (4): 79. 1931; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1032. 1936. ——S. sieboldiana auct. non Bl. : Graebn. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 584. 1941; Schwerin in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 18: 50. 1909; Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 106. 1912; Hao in l. c. 1 (4): 80. 1931, et 2 (1): 24: 1933. ——S. coreana auct. non Kom. : 刘慎谔等 1. c. 499. ——S. latipinna auct. non Nakai: 刘慎谔等 l. c. 497. ——S. foetidissima Nakai f. flava Skv. et Wang-Wei 在刘慎谔等, l. c. 567.
形态特征：落叶灌木，高达4米。茎无棱，多分枝，灰褐色，无毛。叶对生，单数羽状复叶；小叶5-7片，卵形、椭圆形或卵状披针形，先端渐尖，基部偏斜阔楔形，长4-12厘米，宽2-4厘米，边缘有较粗锯齿，两面无毛。圆锥花序顶生，密2-4厘米，边缘有较粗锯齿，两面无毛。圆锥花序顶生，密集成卵圆形至长椭圆状卵形；花萼钟形，5裂，裂片舌状；花冠辐射状，45裂，裂片倒卵形，淡黄色；雄蕊5枚，着生于花冠上，较花冠短；雌蕊1枚，子房下位，花柱短浆果鲜红色。花期4-5月，果期7-9月。
分    布：恩施、襄阳、黄冈等
生    境：向阳山野
繁殖方式：扦插
习    性：阳生
药用部位：全株
药用功能：续筋接骨、祛风止痛
药用主治：用于风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、骨折、肾炎水肿、产后恶露不行、湿疹、外伤出血等症。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Sambucus williamsii  Hance Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5. 5: 217. 1866.
接骨木   jie gu mu
Sambucus barbinervis Nakai; S. buergeriana (Nakai) Blume ex Nakai; S. buergeriana f. cordifoliata Skvortsov & W. Wang; S. foetidissima Nakai; S. junnanica J. J. Vassiljev; S. latipinna Nakai var. pendula Skvortsov; S. manshurica Kitagawa; S. peninsularis Kitagawa; S. potaninii J. J. Vassiljev; S. racemosa Linnaeus subsp. manshurica (Kitagawa) Voroschilov; S. sieboldiana (Miquel) Blume ex Schwerin var. buergeriana Nakai.
Shrubs or small trees, 5-6 m tall. Old branches reddish brown, with conspicuous, narrowly elliptic lenticels; pith brownish. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets (1 or)2- or 3(-5)-jugate; lateral leaflets ovate-orbicular or narrowly elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, 5-15 × 1.2-7 cm, base cuneate or rounded, sometimes cordate, asymmetrical, margin irregularly serrate, sometimes with 1 to several glandular teeth at base or below middle, apex acute to acuminate or caudate; lowest pair of leaflets sessile or petiole to ca. 0.5 cm; terminal leaflet ovate or obovate, adaxially sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent, petiolule ca. 2 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate or caudate; stipules narrowly linear or reduced to bluish protrusions. Inflorescences terminal cymose panicles, 5-11 × 4-14 cm, pedunculate, sometimes sparsely pubescent, soon glabrescent. Flowers appearing simultaneously with leaves, dense; calyx tube urceolate, ca. 1 mm, lobes triangular-lanceolate, slightly shorter than tube; corolla pinkish in bud, white or yellowish when open; tube short; lobes oblong or narrowly ovate-orbicular, ca. 2 mm; stamens spreading, ca. as long as corolla lobes; filaments slightly dilated at base; anthers yellow; ovary 3-loculed; styles short; stigmas 3-lobed. Fruit red, rarely bluish or purplish black, ovoid or subglobose, 3-5 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2 or 3, ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5 mm, slightly rugose. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 36*.
● Mountain slopes, scrub, streamsides, roadsides, beside houses; 500-1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Sambucus williamsii was treated as a synonym of a highly variable, circumboreal S. racemosa Linnaeus by Bolli (Diss. Bot. 223: 187-197. 1994). The black fruit and dark green leaves (Bolli, loc. cit.) distinguish S. williamsii and S. melanocarpa A. Gray of W North America from other members of the S. racemosa complex. Sambucus williamsii also has a more pronounced fetid odor. Because of the high degree of variation and the pronouncement by Bolli (loc. cit.) that the variation within his circumscription of S. racemosa should be further evaluated in a geographic context through field, cytological, and biochemical methods, for the time being, we prefer to maintain S. williamsii, and, with less certainty, the following species, S. sibirica, as distinct.Sambucus williamsii was treated as a synonym of a highly variable, circumboreal S. racemosa Linnaeus by Bolli (Diss. Bot. 223: 187-197. 1994). The black fruit and dark green leaves (Bolli, loc. cit.) distinguish S. williamsii and S. melanocarpa A. Gray of W North America from other members of the S. racemosa complex. Sambucus williamsii also has a more pronounced fetid odor. Because of the high degree of variation and the pronouncement by Bolli (loc. cit.) that the variation within his circumscription of S. racemosa should be further evaluated in a geographic context through field, cytological, and biochemical methods, for the time being, we prefer to maintain S. williamsii, and, with less certainty, the following species, S. sibirica, as distinct.

《全国中草药汇编》:接骨木

【拼音名】 Jiē Gǔ Mù
【别名】 公道老、扦扦活、马尿骚、大接骨丹[陕西]
【来源】 忍冬科接骨木属植物接骨木Sambucus williamsii Hance，以全株入药。夏秋采收，晒干。
【性味】 甘、苦，平。
【归经】 归肝经。
【功能主治】 接骨续筋，活血止痛，祛风利湿。用于骨折，跌打损伤，风湿性关节炎，痛风，大骨节病，急、慢性肾炎；外用治创伤出血。
【用法用量】 0.5～1两；外用适量。
【备注】 （1）同属植物下列2种在不同地区同等入药：毛接骨木Sambucus buergeriana Blume；无梗接骨木Sambucus sieboldiana Blume ex Graebn.。
（2）对风湿痹痛、关节不利之症，可配合老鹤草、防风、桑枝、红花等，亦可单位煎汤乘热熏洗患处。治跌打损伤、瘀阻疼痛等症，可配合透骨草、当归、川芎、赤芍等药同用。治疗水肿、小便不利等症，可配合玉米须、车前子等同用。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》